大地电磁测深法在慈页1井定位中的应用

在灰岩发育地区进行钻探作业时经常会遇到溶洞,给钻探带来不小的风险.为了减小钻探风险,可以采用探测深度大、对溶洞识别能力强的大地电磁测深法进行溶洞探测,确定钻孔的有利位置.本文以慈页1井的钻孔定位研究为例,通过在井场开展大地电磁测深工作,查明井场下方可能有溶洞发育的区域,最终确定了孔位的有利位置,在实际钻进过程中并未遇到溶洞发育段,说明通过大地电磁测深法布置的孔位合理,保证了钻探的安全施工.     

煤层气地质工程一体化平台的建设构想

钻井液流变性是钻井液流动和变形的特性,对于携带与悬浮岩屑、提高钻进速度至关重要,准确掌握钻井液流变参数是保证井眼清洁与高效钻进的前提。提出一种基于卷积神经网络(Convolutional Neural Network,CNN)的钻井液流变参数智能识别方法,通过磁力搅拌产生稳定的钻井液流动图像,利用多种数据增强方法增加图像数量并建立数据库,增强模型的鲁棒性和泛化能力。优化AlexNet卷积神经网络算法,构建钻井液流变参数识别模型。将数据库划分为训练集：验证集：测试集=7：2：1,对训练集进行迭代训练并通过验证集调整参数获得最佳拟合模型。此外,运用混淆矩阵、卷积核可视化技术和类激活技术(Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping,Grad-CAM)对模型进行多方位评估。结果表明：(1)钻井液流变参数识别模型对钻井液塑性黏度测试的宏精确率为95.2%,宏召回率为94.7%,宏F₁值为0.95。(2)对钻井液表观黏度测试的宏精确率为91.6%,宏召回率为91.5%,宏F₁值为0.90。(3)利用卷积核可视化技术和Grad-CAM对特征提取进行可视化处理,发现钻井液波纹形状和大小会影响模型流变参数识别准确度。(4)室内测试结果表明,该模型的测试误差为±2 mPa·s,在设计允许范围以内,具有较高的识别精确度和稳定性。所提出的钻井液流变参数实时智能识别方法可为安全、快速和准确地进行钻井液流变性测试提供智能化技术思路。

     

Overview of US Minerals Management Service Activities in Deepwater Research

The US Minerals Management Service (MMS) is responsible for safe and environmentally sound management of offshore oil and gas resources. In recent years, there has been a tremendous increase in both activities and plans for deepwater development of these resources in the Gulf of Mexico (GOM). As the industry meets the enormous technical challenges involved, there is a concomitant effort to assure environmental protection of deep-ocean and coastal resources. This paper will outline the research planning and program currently underway to assess impacts, identify potential problems, and discover more about unknown resources of the deep ocean.     

扩展卡尔曼滤波数据同化试验--基于Lorenz(1960)系统的研究

本文采用Lorenz(1960)系统，在只考虑初始误差及观测误差而不考虑模式误差的情况下，利用扩展卡尔曼滤波(Extended Kalman Filter)数据同化方法进行了数值模拟试验。数值试验的结果表明：扩展卡尔曼滤波数据同化方法对系统状态的估计有较好的改善作用，能有效的抑制估计误差的增长；加大观测频率，可以进一步改善数据同化的效果，使估计误差进一步减小；由于模式误差的存在，系统的不稳定能量会不断的累积，出现了估计误差的异常增长和计算的不连续现象，在模式预报方程中的均值演变方程加人二阶偏差纠错项，对控制估计误差的异常增长，进一步改善数据同化的效果有较明显作用。     

Study on deepwater conductor jet excavation mechanism in cohesive soil

Conductor casing jetting technique has been increasingly applied in deepwater drilling. The insight into the jetting excavation mechanisms is critical in guiding a successful conductor casing jetting operation. The real- time continuous jet excavation process is simulated with the volume of fluid (VOF) multiphase method of CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) ANSYS Fluent calculation software in the current study. The cohesive soil is modelled by using a kind of viscous fluid with Herschel-Bulkley model. In addition, a laboratory half round nozzle jet excavation test is designed for verification by comparison of the observed jet excavation profile with the numerical results. The sensitivity parameters affecting the conductor jetting excavation mechanism in cohesive soil are thus investigated. It is found that the application of Herschel-Bulkley (HB) model for cohesive soil and the VOF method of Fluent can provide a good simulation of jet excavation process. The maximum excavation depth can be determined by the undrained ultimate bearing capacity of the circular foundation with a bearing capacity factor of 6.7. The nozzle position, jet velocity and soil strength have significantly influence on the depth and width of the jet excavation profile in conductor oblique jet.     

井下凿岩机器人自主操作方法研究进展

目前钻孔机器人位姿调节多采用手动遥控调节与人工复测结合,未实现全自动调节,开环控制精度低、自动化能力低、无法实现煤矿用探放水、防突和防冲钻孔机器人精确开孔定位与孔群全自动施工。通过分析钻孔机器人钻臂结构和动作,建立了钻臂运动学模型;通过对加工误差、机身变形、装配间隙等影响因素分析,发现采用回转减速器蜗轮蜗杆结构间隙会引起倾角和方位角误差放大,并在机身平时会引起倾角和方位角误差最大达0.85°;为消除误差,首先采用传统钻臂运动学误差补偿方法建立了钻臂静、动态误差补偿模型,利用全站仪测试关节间隙和变形量,基于补偿模型和RBF神经网络法求逆解得到误差补偿量,钻臂期望位姿与实际位姿误差的x方向平均误差为9.6 mm,y方向平均误差为18.2 mm,z方向平均误差为16 mm,满足工程应用要求;其次为解决传统全站仪试验测量的方法的复杂性和非实时性问题,提出了一种通过激光测距仪和高精度开孔定向仪组合获得位姿误差检测的方法,通过测距实时计算实际和理论倾角、方位角差值,作为误差补偿后的新倾角和方位角的控制输入量,对钻臂进行实时误差检测与补偿;最后利用传统全站仪精度检测方法对激光测距组合位姿误差补偿模型进行验证。试验表明：激光测距组合定位误差检测法最大误差差值在±0.5°以内,方位角最大误差在±0.5°以内,比未采用误差补偿前分别提高了41.1%和37.5%,满足了钻孔机器人开孔定位误差要求。在煤炭行业开展了钻孔机器人钻臂在线精确定位与误差补偿研究,对钻孔机器人精确自动开孔定位及孔群全自动施工具有重要的借鉴和指导意义。

     

Methods of setting depth range with credibility of conductor for deepwater drilling based on probability statistics

Becasuse of the deep water depth and long riser of deepwater drilling, the stability of subsea wellhead is threatened. Meanwhile, the setting depth of conductor directly affects the mechanical stability of subsea wellhead. Through analyzing the impact of different factors on the setting depth of conductor, we found that the bearing capacity growth factor of subsea soil has a great influence on the setting depth of conductor. However, the coefficient is a regional and empirical constant, which seriously affects the accuracy and reliability of the results. In this paper, probability statistics and geostatistics methods are employed to count the bearing capacity growth factor of target point's adjacent wells, as well as transplant and predict the target point through differential arithmetic, which can obtain the predictive value of target point's coefficient containing probability information. Finally, we can obtain the setting depth range with credibility of conductor. This is conducive to designers to calculate the setting depth of conductor with other uncertain factors taken into account, and reasonably control the potential risks.     

El Ni(n)o phenomenon in simple ocean data assimilation data

To study how the air and sea interact with each other during El Nino/La Nina onsets, extended associate pattern analysis (EAPA) is adopted with the simple ocean data assimilation (SODA) data. The results show that as El Nino/La Nina' s parents their behaviors are quite different, there does not exist a relatively independent tropical atmosphere but does exist a relatively independent tropical Pacific Ocean because the air is heated from the bottom surface instead of the top surface and of much stronger baroclinic instability than the sea and has a very large inter-tropical convergence zone covering the most tropical Pacific Ocean. The idea that it is the wester burst and wind convergence, coming from middle latitudes directly that produce the seawater eastward movement and meridional convergence in the upper levels and result in the typical El Nino sea surface temperature warm signal is confirmed again.     

国外大都市区管理的实践及其借鉴

大都市政府和都市议会是发达国家对大都市区和都市连绵区进行宏观管理的重要机构，本文简要介绍了各种类型的大都市政府和都市议会的形成与发展，在此基础上提出了我国相应的宏观管理机构为城镇密集区政府和都市区规划局，最后，对我国城镇密集区规划管理的可行性与规划管理体系问题进行了讨论。