中国大陆科学钻探主孔540-600m榴辉岩中赤铁矿-钛铁矿固溶体出溶结构的特征及对榴辉岩折返动力学过程的意义

在中国大陆科学钻探主孔540-600m榴辉岩中集中发育了一种具特殊出溶结构的不透明金属矿物——具高度精细共生结构的赤铁矿-钛铁矿固溶体。在这段榴辉岩中，这种固溶体少部分以细小圆粒状包裹体分布于单斜辉石和石榴石内部，大部分则呈海绵陨铁状充填于单斜辉石和石榴石空隙之间。出溶分多个不同的期次，相对粗粒的赤铁矿质钛铁矿和钛铁矿质赤铁矿出溶片晶中又包含有更细粒的出溶片晶，在次一级的赤铁矿质钛铁矿域出溶钛铁矿质赤铁矿，同时在钛铁矿质赤铁矿域又出溶赤铁矿质钛铁矿，出溶片的大小可以从毫米级一直变化到纳米级，以至于很难测到纯的端元组分。出溶片在单个颗粒中按照平行（001）的方向定向排列，但在整个样品中则没有规律。出溶片中钛铁矿的摩尔百分数从23．80变化到89．84，反映了从不具明显磁性的赤铁矿和钛铁矿端元组分向具有强磁性的出溶体演化的过程。这样的出溶过程需要一个缓慢降温的环境，说明在超高压地体快速折返的整个过程中可能存在一个近等温降压或滞留在高温状态下（近等温等压）的阶段。这种固溶体在矿物的磁性特征方面十分特别：（1）可以包含异常强且稳定的天然剩磁；（2）所保存的剩磁即使在强的退磁磁场中也不会消退；及（3）能引起区域上显著的磁异常。因此，这种固溶体可能是导致CCSD主孔540～600m段榴辉岩较高磁化率、区域高度航磁异常及高度V、Ti异常的主要因素。赤铁矿-钛铁矿固溶体出溶结构在540～600m岩性段集中分布的现象与这一岩性段在各方面均有异常表现的奇特现象相吻合，结合前人的研究，认为赤铁矿-钛铁矿固溶体的成因与导致这段岩性段各种异常的成因有着直接的联系。赤铁矿-钛铁矿固溶体出溶结构的出溶成分和所具磁性强烈依赖于榴辉岩温压条件的变化特征，对它的继续深入研究，将会为精确限定苏鲁超高压变质带变质岩石形成中的温压变化，解释CCSD主孔附近区域的磁性异常及钒钛矿的勘探等问题起到重要的指示作用。     

The exsolution of magmatic hydrosaline chloride liquids

Hydrosaline liquid represents the most Cl-enriched volatile phase that occurs in magmas, and the exsolution of this phase has important consequences for processes of hydrothermal mineralization and for volcanic emission of Cl to the atmosphere. To understand the exsolution of hydrosaline liquids in felsic to mafic magmas, the volatile abundances and (Cl/H₂O) ratios of more than 1000 silicate melt inclusions (MI) have been compared with predicted and experimentally determined solubilities of Cl and H₂O and associated (Cl/H₂O) ratios of silicate melts that were saturated in hydrosaline chloride liquid with or without aqueous vapor in hydrothermal experiments. This approach identifies the minimum volatile contents and the values of (Cl/H₂O) at which a hydrosaline chloride liquid exsolves from any CO₂- or SO₂-poor silicate melt. Chlorine solubility is a strong function of melt composition, so it follows that Cl solubility in magmas varies with melt evolution. Computations show that the (Cl/H₂O) ratio of residual melt in evolving silicate magmas either remains constant or increases to a small extent with fractional crystallization. Consequently, the initial (Cl/H₂O) in melt that is established early during partial melting has important consequences for the exsolution of vapor, vapor plus hydrosaline liquid, or hydrosaline liquid later during the final stages of melt ascent, emplacement, and crystallization or eruption. It is demonstrated that the melt (Cl/H₂O) controls the type of volatile phase that exsolves, whereas the volatile abundances in melt control the relative timing of volatile phase exsolution (i.e., the time of earliest volatile exsolution relative to the rate of magma ascent and crystallization history).

Comparing melt inclusion compositions with experimentally determined (Cl/H₂O) ratios and corresponding volatile solubilities of hydrosaline liquid-saturated silicate melts suggests that some fractions of the eruptive, calc-alkaline dacitic magmas of the Bonnin and Izu arcs should have saturated in and exsolved hydrosaline liquid at pressures of 2000 bars. Application of these same melt inclusion data to the predicted volatile solubilities of Cu-, Au-, and Mo-mineralized, calc-alkaline porphyritic magmas suggests that the chemical evolution of dioritic magmas to more-evolved quartz monzonite compositions involves a dramatic reduction in Cl solubility that increases the probability of hydrosaline liquid exsolution. The prediction that quartz monzonite magmas should exsolve a hydrosaline chloride liquid, that is potentially mineralizing, is consistent with the general observation of metal-enriched, hypersaline fluid inclusions in the more felsic plutons of numerous porphyry copper systems. Moreover, comparing the volatile contents of melt inclusions from the potassic, alkaline magmas of Mt. Somma-Vesuvius with the predicted (Cl/H₂O) ratios of hydrosaline liquid-saturated melts having compositions similar to those of the volatile-rich, alkaline magmas associated with the orthomagmatic gold–tellurium deposits of Cripple Creek, Colorado, suggests that hydrosaline chloride liquid should have exsolved at Cripple Creek as the magmas evolved to phonolite compositions. This prediction is consistent with the well-documented role of Cl-enriched, mineralizing hydrothermal fluids at this major gold-mining district.     

新疆达拉布特超镁铁岩成因——来自铬尖晶石的证据

通过研究西准噶尔达拉布特蛇绿混杂岩中方辉橄榄岩和橄榄辉石岩的岩石学特征,分析方辉橄榄岩广泛发育的铬尖晶石和斜方辉石构成的蠕虫状共生连晶结构的成因,得出结论认为:这种共生连晶结构不是前人所认为的文象结构或者石榴石的后成合晶,而是原始地幔岩熔融形成富铬岩浆的演化产物。这种富铬岩浆高度分异形成铬铁矿块体(即萨尔托海铬铁矿矿床)后,熔体进入地幔岩中结晶形成铬尖晶石和斜方辉石的蠕虫状共生连晶结构。因此,铬尖晶石与辉石的共生连晶结构可以作为豆荚状铬铁矿的重要找矿标志。方辉橄榄岩中的斜方辉石发育铬尖晶石出溶结构,出溶棒的成分特点表明,该结构是达拉布特蛇绿岩在快速就位过程中环境氧逸度突然升高诱发变质反应的结果。     

雅鲁藏布江缝合带白朗县白岗尖晶石—石榴子石相二辉橄榄岩的相界反应及其意义

西藏白朗县白岗村蛇绿混杂岩中有一罕见的尖晶石石榴子石二辉橄榄岩小岩块,被松软的蛇纹岩化尖晶石二辉橄榄岩包裹其中。岩块中发育有碎基单斜辉石、斜方辉石中出溶单斜辉石、切过出溶单斜辉石的贯入单斜辉石和外来碎粒单斜辉石及钙质辉石+铬尖晶石→钙铁石榴子石相界反应。同时,在岩块和包壳岩石的橄榄石中出现针状硅镁石出溶物。计算这些矿物的温度压力表明,它们的温度压力都处于>800℃,>1.8GPa以上的地幔石榴子石域超高压环境,而且,经历过一个上升→俯冲→上升的"N"字形历程。     

挪威块状硫化物矿床中单斜与六方磁黄铁矿的交生及其成因

矿石的镜下结构研究进一步确证，挪威加里东造山带块状硫化物矿床中的磁黄铁矿绝大部分是沉积－成岩作用的直接产物，并在其形成之后经历了多期次的变形和退火，还有一部分磁失矿是在退变质阶段形成的，或者是由变质热液形成的。这次研究中未发现由黄铁矿变质而成的磁黄铁矿     

岩浆热液出溶和演化对斑岩成矿系统金属成矿的制约

岩浆热液过渡阶段对于与岩浆热液有关矿床的形成非常重要。以往的研究多侧重于岩浆结晶阶段和低于固相线的热液阶段过程和演化 ,但对于流体从熔体出溶到熔体最后固结过程的理解却很有限。基于流体包裹体冷热台研究、单个流体和熔体包裹体原位无损成分分析技术 ,并结合挥发份和成矿元素在共存相间分配的实验和质量平衡计算模拟 ,岩浆热液出溶和演化对金属成矿制约的研究取得了很大进展。文中从岩浆中挥发份的出溶和演化、成矿元素在岩浆热液过渡体系各相之间的分配、斑岩矿床成矿流体及与金属成矿的关系、浅成热液矿床成矿流体及与金属成矿的关系几个方面进行了阐述。研究表明 :( 1)岩浆熔体不仅含有足够的挥发性组分 ,而且出溶的挥发份能够被圈闭在流体包裹体中而成为岩浆出溶热液的实物证据。 ( 2 )挥发份和成矿元素不仅在岩浆熔体和出溶的溶液间分配 ,还将在熔体与盐水溶液、熔体与气相以及盐水溶液与气相间进行分配。Cu在岩浆蒸气中比在共存的熔体中要富集数百倍 ,而Cu ,As,Au(可能作为HS配合物 )则偏向于分配进入与液体相共存的蒸气相中。 ( 3 )成矿元素在熔体 /溶液间的分配系数受控于熔体中初始水含量与饱和水含量之比值和岩浆熔体与共存出溶水溶液的w(Cl) /w(H2 O)和w(F) /w(Cl)比值。 ( 4 )斑岩