基于传统吸附烃概念的烃类检测新技术

烃类是地表油气地球化学勘查地下油气藏的直接指标.目前我国油气化探中常用的酸解烃法检测出的烃类,不应定义为"吸附烃",它是介质吸收的产物,属结合态烃类,应定义为"吸收烃".地表酸解烃异常十分稳定,重现性好,能够很好地证明地质历史上曾经有过的烃类运移过程,但在反映目前深部油气信息方面具有多解性.针对酸解烃法的弱点,依据烃类垂向运移理论和物质吸附作用原理,自行设计开发、研制了一套吸附烃脱气装置,建立了土壤吸附烃提取新技术和检测方法.该方法有利于在近地表获取油气系统的动态信息,强化烃类测量法对其信息源的探测,可以提高地表油气化探预测油气分布的成功率.     

黑龙江多宝山成矿区找矿新进展及其地质意义

近年来,多宝山成矿区先后发现了小泥鳅河金矿、三道湾子金矿、争光金锌矿、铜山金矿、上马厂金矿、小新屯金矿点等一大批金银钼锑资源潜力很大的化探异常。依据这些新的矿产勘查和区域地质调查新成果,总结了多宝山成矿区近年来取得的新近展及其地质意义。目的是为多宝山地区的整装勘查与资源潜力预测提供参考依据。     

频率测深波区视电阻率响应和正演计算

本文对频率测深电偶源发射时的波区视电阻率响应进行了较系统的讨论,指出了国内现有理论中的一些错误。研究发现,在进行波区视电阻率响应的理论推导时,当基底电阻率有限时进行零级近似是正确的,但当基底电阻率为无限大时,进行零级近似是不完善的,必须进行修改。利用正确的公式进行了视电阻率响应的正演计算,结果表明,利用零级近似得出的公式与利用一级近似得出的公式计算的视电阻率响应曲线首支部分符合较好,但对于有高阻基底存在的地电断面,响应曲线尾支差异很大。     

川东南—鄂西渝东地区下古生界页岩气勘探前景

中上扬子地台发育2套重要的海相深灰色—黑色页岩,分别为下寒武统牛蹄塘组和上奥陶统五峰组—下志留统龙马溪组,主要由富含黄铁矿、有机质或生物化石的黑色炭质页岩组成,厚度大、分布广。牛蹄塘组页岩有机质演化程度高、埋藏相对较深、钻井无天然气显示; 龙马溪组页岩有机质演化程度相对中等、埋藏深度适度、钻井天然气显示丰度高,特别是志留系其它粉砂岩层段可产工业性气流。因此,下志留统页岩更有利于研究区页岩气的勘探和开发,更加适合作为中国南方页岩气战略先导区的重点目标勘探层位。总体上,两套页岩在川东南—鄂西渝东地区出露范围广,有利于针对页岩展开相关研究,特别是背斜和向斜的翼部区是页岩气勘探最为有利的地区。     

近区瞬变场的频率效应与大深度探测能力的研究

在时域中,磁源近区瞬变场的时间特性取决于场源所含低频谱的分数幂.对于磁感应强度Bz(t)∝∑iω3/2i,对于感应电势εz(t)∝∑iω5/2i.这表明,现有的瞬变电磁探测系统只适用于浅部勘查,对于大深度的勘查,需要研制超强能量且轻便化的场源(发送系统),同时完善超导磁强计(接收系统)的实用化.     

瞬变电磁与跨孔CT成像探测岩溶分布及形态特征的应用

文章以山东省济南西南裸露—覆盖型岩溶山区为研究对象,根据钻探资料,将区内岩溶发育形态分为小型溶洞与溶孔,并利用瞬变电磁法、电磁波CT成像两种物探方法,探讨岩溶分布、形态特征与地球物理场的关系。对比瞬变电磁剖面与钻探揭露的岩溶发育段,确定出120 Ω·m作为解译岩溶发育区的分界值,以此圈定岩溶分布区域,之后实施钻孔进行验证,符合性较好;在验证孔及附近钻孔进行电磁波CT成像探测,进一步验证并刻画两孔间的岩溶发育特征。两种物探方法中,电磁波CT的探测数据离散程度较高;两种岩溶发育形态中,小型溶洞的地球物理参数离散程度较大,同时小型溶洞发育区视电阻率平均值较小,视吸收系数平均值较大。     

Groundwater targeting in a hard-rock terrain using fracture-pattern modeling, Niva River basin, Andhra Pradesh, India

In hard-rock terrain, due to the lack of primary porosity in the bedrock, joints, fault zones, and weathered zones are the sources for groundwater occurrence and movement. To study the groundwater potential in the hard-rock terrain and drought-prone area in the Niva River basin, southern Andhra Pradesh state, India, Landsat 5 photographic data were used to prepare an integrated hydrogeomorphology map. Larsson's integrated deformation model was applied to identify the various fracture systems, to pinpoint those younger tensile fracture sets that are the main groundwater reservoirs, and to understand the importance of fracture density in groundwater prospecting. N35°–55°E fractures were identified as tensile and N35°–55°W fractures as both tensile and shear in the study area. Apparently, these fractures are the youngest open fractures. Wherever N35°–55°E and N35°–55°W fracture densities are high, weathered-zone thickness is greater, water-table fluctuations are small, and well yields are high. Groundwater-potential zones were delineated and classified as very good, good to very good, moderate to good, and poor. Electronic Publication     

Broadband seismic source data acquisition and processing to delineate iron oxide deposits in the Blötberget mine-central Sweden

A prototype electromagnetic vibrator, referred to here as E-Vib, was upgraded and developed for broadband hardrock and mineral exploration seismic surveys. We selected the iron oxide mine in Blötberget, central Sweden, for a test site in 2019 for the newly developed E-Vib because of the availability of earlier seismic datasets (from 2015 to 2016) for verification of its performance for hardrock imaging purposes. The two-dimensional data acquisition consisted of a fixed geometry with 550 receiver locations spaced at every 5 m, employing both cabled and wireless seismic recorders, along an approximately 2.7 km long profile. The E-Vib operated at every second receiver station (i.e. 10 m spacing) with a linear sweep of 2–180 Hz and with a peak force of 7 kN. The processing workflow took advantage of the broadband signal generated by the E-Vib in this challenging hardrock environment with varying ground conditions. The processed seismic section shows a set of reflections associated with the known iron oxide mineralization and a major crosscutting reflection interpreted to be from a fault system likely to be crosscutting the mineralization. The broadband source data acquisition and subsequent processing helped to improve signal quality and resolution in comparison with the earlier workflows and data where a drophammer seismic source was used as the seismic source. These results suggest new possibilities for the E-Vib source for improved targeting in hardrock geological settings.     

当代气候变化的主要特点、关键问题及应对策略

总结归纳了当代气候变化的主要特点和基本规律,并从能量角度分析了全球气候变化的原因和气候变暖的本质驱动力。同时,还提出了目前气候变暖中几个值得重点关注的问题,讨论了为何要更加重视气候变暖的不利影响及其不利影响的深刻性和广泛性,并从长远发展和短期现实角度对目前科学应对气候变暖做了一些初步思考。     

浅层钻探技术在海南某矿区化探取样中的应用研究

主要介绍了浅层钻探技术（包含浅层钻探设备和工艺方法）在海南某矿区的化探取样中的应用。针对该矿区遇到的问题,给出了解决方案。阐述了浅层钻探技术代替槽探、坑探在某些地区的先进性和必要性。最后提出了浅层钻探技术进一步研究的建议。