敦煌造山带长山子地区变质演化及年代学研究

长山子地区位于敦煌造山带东北部,瓜州南部约100km处。该区主要出露一套中-高级变质表壳岩,主要岩石类型有长英质片麻岩、变泥质麻粒岩、高压基性麻粒岩、斜长角闪片麻岩。高压基性麻粒岩岩块、斜长角闪片麻岩岩块以构造透镜体或布丁(长度为0. 5~15m)的形式,被夹持于长英质片麻岩、变泥质麻粒岩组成的基质之中,呈现典型"基质夹岩块"的混杂带特征。高压基性麻粒岩、斜长角闪片麻岩、泥质麻粒岩中,普遍保留了二至三个阶段的变质矿物组合。进变质阶段矿物组合(M1)为石榴子石变斑晶中的细小矿物包裹体,变质高峰期矿物组合(M2)为石榴子石变斑晶和基质矿物,退变质阶段矿物组合(M3)主要为围绕石榴子石变斑晶边部发育的"白眼圈"状后成合晶。本区各类变质岩石均记录了顺时针型变质作用P-T轨迹,系典型俯冲-碰撞造山带变质作用特征。退变质阶段P-T轨迹属于西阿尔卑斯型,说明变质岩折返速率较快。变质高峰期(M2)属于中压变质相系,P-T条件分别为790~870℃/1.29~1.37GPa(高压基性麻粒岩)、680~685℃/0.89~0.97GPa(斜长角闪片麻岩)、860~880℃/0.90~1.14GPa(变泥质麻粒岩),它们之间存在大的差异。这说明,它们是形成于同一俯冲隧道内不同深度的变质岩石,在构造折返阶段才混杂在一起形成构造混杂岩。二次离子质谱(SIMS)锆石U-Pb定年表明,长山子地区变质杂岩记录了早泥盆世的俯冲事件(419~417Ma)。     

滇西梁河—潞西地区新生代英安岩的源区及成因——来自地球化学的证据

报道了滇西梁河—潞西地区新生代英安岩的主量、微量、稀土元素和Nd同位素地球化学研究成果。英安岩富集轻稀土元素、大离子亲石元素(Rb、Th、U、K),相对亏损重稀土元素和Nb、Ta、Sr、P、Ti,具有Eu负异常和Pb正异常。火山岩的εNd(0)为-10.3~-8.72,Nd同位素模式年龄(tDM)为1.2~1.4Ga。这些地球化学特征表明,研究区英安岩源于区域基底岩系的部分熔融,并与该地区同期幔源玄武质岩浆发生了不同程度的混合。     

On A☆ search with stopover areas

Today's map navigation software offers more and more functionality. For example, it cannot only route from a start to a destination address, but the user can also specify a number of via destinations that are to be visited along the route. What is not commonly found in the software is the handling of so-called stopover areas. Here the user specifies a sequence of geographic areas and wants the route to lead into or through each of these areas (but he does not actually care where exactly). A modification of the well-known A^☆ algorithm that considers convex stopover areas is presented. Algorithmic variants and implementation issues are discussed. Example results on a real-world data set are presented for the case of axis parallel rectangular stopover areas.     

Exploring the factors affecting urban ecological risk: A case from an Indian mega metropolitan region

Assessment of ecological risk (ER) is a key approach to adapting and mitigating ecological deterioration in cities of developing countries. In developing countries, the ecological landscapes such as vegetation cover, water bodies, and wetlands are highly vulnerable due to rapid urban expansion. Therefore, urban ER (UER) assessment and its drivers are crucial to guide ecological protection as well as restoration. This study aims to explore the spatiotemporal pattern of UER and the impact of urban spatial form on UER in the Kolkata Megacity Region (KMR), India. This study developed a UER index and used spatial regression models across the urban centres. The ER has been assessed at city scale as well as grid-scale (2 km × 2 km and 5 km × 5 km) from 2000 to 2020. The results showed that ER has substantially increased over the last 20 years. The urban centres with very high and high ER substantially increased, i.e. from 21.95% in 2000 to 31.70% in 2020. Kolkata and its surrounding urban centres were mostly characterized by very high and high ER. ER was influenced by spatial variables (such as land use and landscapes pattern). However, remote sensing parameters were weakly related to ER. The spatial lag model (SLM) (R² = 0.8686) was found to be better fit model than spatial error model (SEM) (R² = 0.8661) and ordinary linear regression model (OLS) (R² = 0.8641). Thus, the findings of the study can improve research and a comprehensive framework for urban ecological resources and provide a scientific basis for urban ecosystem planning and restoration. In addition to this, it will guarantee the sustainable utilization of urban ecosystems.     

赣东北枣林碧玄岩地球化学特征及成因

在中国东部赣东北朱溪矿集区枣林地段发现两条新生代碧玄岩岩脉。地球化学研究表明该碧玄岩具有低SiO2(41.08%~42.94%),高Mg#(0.61~0.65),高TiO2(2.19%~2.43%),高Na2O+K2O(4.95%~6.30%)的特点。∑REE为299.16×10-6~375.00×10-6,LREE/HREE比值为5.45~6.71,表明轻稀土富集,δEu为0.88~0.94,具微弱Eu负异常。微量元素特征表现出较高Ni、Cr、Sc含量,蛛网图显示明显富集Nb、Ta、Th、Zr等元素,亏损Ba、Ti、K、P等。主量元素相关图解和不相容元素比值显示岩石在演化过程中未遭受地壳混染。综合分析岩石微量元素数据及相关图解,文章认为由于太平洋板块俯冲,导致软流圈地幔携带碳酸盐熔体上涌与岩石圈地幔相互作用,使得0.2%~0.5%石榴石相二辉橄榄岩与0.5%~1%尖晶石相二辉橄榄岩发生部分熔融,生成碧玄岩原始岩浆。     

湖北恩施地区土壤-植物系统中Se元素的 地球化学特征

在对恩施地区典型农业活动区——芭蕉、长平和鱼塘坝三地土壤中Se元素含量进行调查的基础上,通过与富Se土壤质量标准进行对比,发现除长平地区外,其余两地分别属于富Se和高Se地区,并通过土壤理化性质、形态分析和土壤中所生长的植物进行比较,初步研究了Se在土壤-植物体系中迁移转化的规律。结果表明：整体来看,鱼塘坝地区属于超富Se地区,植物中Se的含量也最高,长平地区属于非富Se地区,芭蕉地区则属于中等富Se地区;植物对Se的吸收受一定的土壤理化性质的影响,不同类型的植物对Se的吸收富集相差较大;形态分析研究表明,鱼塘坝地区土壤中生物可利用的Se含量较高,而芭蕉地区土壤中残渣态Se的比例较高,表现为Se的生物可利用性低于鱼塘坝地区。     

塔里木盆地北部油气田水文地质及水文地球化学特征

以实测的流体资料为基础，初步揭示了塔北地区油田水文地质和水文地球化学特征。塔北地区存在两股地下水流，南部生油区为压实水流，由南向北流动，北部为重力水流，由北向南流动，这两股水流交汇于雅克拉和轮南地区，向上封闭式内泄。无论重力水流或压实水流，皆为非海相成因、非浓缩成因溶滤水。表明：油气藏的形成绝大部分是寒武－奥陶纪生油层二次成油的结果。     

纳米比亚欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩成因及构造背景

对纳米比亚欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩进行系统的地球化学及 Sr--Nd 同位素研究,并对其岩石成因及构造意义进行了讨论。结果表明,该斑状花岗岩为高钾钙碱性-钾玄岩系列的准铝质花岗岩; 岩石富碱、轻稀土和 Ｒb、Th、U、K、Pb 等大离子亲石元素,贫 Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf 等高场强元素,具有中等铕负异常。岩石锶初始值为 0. 715 61 ～0. 722 07,εNd( t) 为 －13. 9 ～ －12. 7,Nd 同位素模式年龄为2 025 ～2 153 Ma。揭示欢乐谷地区斑状花岗岩为同碰撞 S 型花岗岩,主要来源于古老地壳物质的重熔,是 Kalahari 克拉通和 Congo 克拉通碰撞造山的产物。     

A Preliminary Study of Shear Wave in Seafloor Surface Sediments

This article preliminarily reports and analyses the transmission characteristics and behaviors of shear wave in the offshore seafloor surface sediments in China, discusses the relationships between the physical and mechanical features of the shear wave and the compression wave, and compares the testing results with that of Hamilton and Chen et al. The result shows that the shear wave can be tested if the seafloor surface sediment has tangent modulus. The shear wave velocity ranges from 50-600 m/s and the measuring frequency from 50-200 kHz. The sound velocity rate of shear wave and compression wave can be used to appraise the stress-strain feature of seafloor surface sediments. This study provides a basis for further describing and appraising the seafloor sedimentary acoustic-mechanical feature and building a geological-acoustic model on China's offshore sea area.     

基于Gabor滤波方法的居民地识别分析

图像纹理对于高分辨率遥感图像的信息提取与目标识别具有重要意义。针对"北京一号"小卫星全色遥感图像非城市区域居民地块往往呈现出比较明显的方向性纹理的特点,扩充改进Gabor滤波方法进行提取。方法主要利用Gabor滤波器的多尺度、多方向滤波的性质,提取多尺度纹理特征集,并进行特征;而后利用多特征聚类实现图像的初步分割。由于分割是对特征进行聚类完成的,其结果可能存在一个居民地块由若干个相互间存在间隔的子区域组成、存在无用小斑块、居民地内部存在大量小孔洞等缺陷。针对上述不足,利用形态学尺度空间融合方法,对居民地块通过结构元素不断增大的闭运算进行迭代融合,并选择一个具备"最长生存期限"的类别个数作为最佳类数,选择首次出现该类别数的分割结果作为最后的识别结果。对延庆地区的小卫星影像进行了居民地提取,并与共生矩阵纹理分析方法进行了实验对比。结果表明方法是有效的,并在提取精度上具有优势。