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971.
Aeromagnetic (AM) and Landsat Thematic Mapper (TM) data from the south-central Zimbabwe Craton have been processed for the purpose of regional structural mapping and thereby to develop strategic models for groundwater exploration in hard-rock areas. The lineament density is greater on TM than on AM images, partly due to the resolution of the different datasets, and also because not all TM lineaments have a magnetic signature. The derived maps reveal several previously undetected lineaments corresponding to dykes, faults, shear zones and/or tectonically-related joints, striking predominantly NNE, NNW and WNW. We suggest the possible hydrogeological significance of some of these patterns as follows: the aeromagnetic data can be used to map faults and fractures of considerable depth which are likely to be open groundwater conduits at depth (typically under tension), while TM lineaments, although not necessarily open (mostly under compression), represent recharge areas.The interpreted persistent lineation and well developed fracture patterns are correlated with existing boreholes and indicate a spatial relationship between regional structures and high borehole yields (> 3 m3/h). This relationship is combined with other lithological and hydrogeological information to identify potential regional groundwater sites for detailed ground investigations. These are defined as dyke margins, faults, fractures/joints or intersections of any combination of these structures. Priority should be given to coincident AM/TM lineaments (e.g., NNW and NNE fractures) and continuous structures with large catchment areas (e.g., NNE and WNW faults). The late Archaean (2.6 Ga) granites are considered the most favourable unit because of their associated long and deep brittle fractures between numerous bornhardts (inselbergs) and kopjes. Several small-scale TM lineaments also form important local sources of groundwater for hand-dug wells. Based on measured rock susceptibilities from the area, we present a model of the typical magnetic responses from the possible groundwater exploration targets. The developed magnetic model could be applicable to similar terrains in other Archaean Cratons. 相似文献
972.
973.
To improve our knowledge of the structural pattern of Mt. Vesuvius and its magmatic system, which represents one of the three
volcanoes located in the Neapolitan area (together with Campi Flegrei and Ischia; southern Italy), we analyze here the Bouguer
gravity map that is already available through its interpretation by means of 2.5-dimensional modelling. We have carried out
a three-dimensional interpretation using a new and original algorithm, known as ‘Layers’, that has been especially processed
for this purpose. Layers works in an automatic and non-subjective way, and allows the definition of the structural settings
in terms of several layers, each representing a specific geological formation. The same data are also interpreted in terms
of isolated and shallow anomalous density bodies using a well tested algorithm known as ‘Growth’. We focus our inversions
on the Mt. Vesuvius volcano, while globally analyzing the entire Neapolitan area, in order to investigate the deep structures,
and in particular the deep extended ‘sill’ that has been revealed by seismic tomography.
The final models generally confirm the global setting of the area as outlined by previous investigations, mainly for the shape
and depth of the carbonate basement below Mt. Vesuvius. The presence of lateral density contrasts inside the volcano edifice
is also shown, which was only hypothesized in the 2.5-dimensional inversion. Moreover, the models allow us to note a high
density body that rises from the top of the carbonate basement and further elongates above sea level. This probably represents
an uprising of the same basement, which is just below the volcano and which coincides with the VP and VP/VS anomalies detected under the crater. The three-dimensional results also reveal that the two inversion methods provide very
similar models, where the high density isolated body in the Growth model can be associated with the rising high density anomaly
in the Layers model. Taking into account the density of these modelled bodies, we would also suggest that they represent solidified
magma bodies, as suggested by other studies. Finally, we did not clearly detect any deep anomalous body that can be associated
with the sill that was suggested by seismic tomography. 相似文献
974.
到目前为止,已经探明的天然气水合物储量要远小于预测的水合物储量.这种现状不同程度地反映出我们对天然气水合物赋存规律认识不足,和对天然气水合物勘探方法认识不足.本文根据作者多次参加水合物地球物理调查国际航次的认识及文献资料,综述了海域天然气水合物勘探方面一些有效的地球物理技术方法,以利于我国海域天然气水合物的勘探工作以及勘探方法的创新.本文指出,地震勘探是目前进行天然气水合物勘探最常用、也是最重要的方法.地震方法主要包括传统的单道、多道地震方法、高分辨地震方法、深拖多道地震探测方法、海底地震仪方法、多道-多分量海底地震电缆方法、海底地震检波器方法等.此外,根据水合物发育区特有的海底地形地貌特征和水体异常特征,根据水合物发育所需要的温度-压力场特征、电磁特征和含水合物地层的剪切模量特征发展的多波束方法、旁扫声纳方法、海底热流探测方法、海底电磁方法以及海底重力测量方法等都在海域天然气水合物勘探中有着很好的效果. 相似文献
975.
976.
大港滩海地区石油地质特征及勘探潜力 总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1
大港滩海地区地处渤海湾盆地腹地,位于黄骅裂谷盆地东侧海岸线以东水深5 m线的地区,是古近纪以来发育形成的凹隆相间的复合构造区。该区自上而下发育4套生油层系,即东二段、沙一中段、沙二段、沙三段;储层发育,冲积扇、水下扇、三角洲、扇三角洲、辫状河三角洲、重力流、湖泊碳酸盐岩在滩海区广泛分布;8个二级正向构造带呈近东西向和北东南西向分布在凹陷之间,具有形成大-中型油气藏的先决条件。通过对工区地层、储层、构造、生油、成藏等石油地质条件的分析,阐述了油藏的成藏条件及油气富集规律;通过对各区带的地质条件和勘探开发现状分析,指出其油气勘探开发潜力。认为滩海地区虽然地表地下条件复杂、对勘探开发技术要求高、勘探开发成本高、风险大,但滩海区油气资源量大,成藏条件好,目前勘探开发程度低,是大港油田今后增储上产的现实领域。 相似文献
977.
978.
灰岩碳氧同位素特征与隐伏花岗岩的关系——以栗木水溪庙矿区为例 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
对栗木水溪庙矿区泥盆系上统融县组灰岩的碳氧同位素进行了研究,该地区灰岩的碳氧同位素组成可提供隐伏花岗岩隆起及其相关流体的重要信息。受隐伏花岗岩侵入驱动的流体与上覆融县组灰岩发生反应的温度在110℃左右,流体的初始同位素组成为δ18OSMOW=-3‰,δ13CPDB≤-7‰,反应的水岩比值(w/r)可能小于5。这种岩浆水与大气降水的混合流体与围岩之间的水岩反应使得地表灰岩的δ18O和δ13C值降低,产生负异常。研究表明,围岩的δ18O值降低受反应的水岩比值和温度控制;δ13C值降低主要与反应的水岩比值有关。反应的温度越高,w/r值越大,灰岩的碳氧同位素负异常越明显。因此,水溪庙矿区地表出露的碳酸盐地层中的碳氧同位素变化可在地球化学勘查中用于指示下伏花岗岩岩脊的隐伏位置。 相似文献
979.
为了对昆明市活断层构造的深浅关系有更深入的了解,在浅层地震反射勘探的基础上,布设了一条东西向、横跨昆明盆地的中深层探测剖面KM4测线,通过对测线参数的试验与分析,确定了适合昆明盆地反射地震勘探的施工参数,采用该施工参数,开展了有效勘探深度为2~3 km的中深层反射地震勘探,确定了目标区隐伏活断层在盆地深部与盆地基底展布的异同及空间关系,探测到了昆明盆地深部断层的基本位置,确定了浅部断层与盆地基底断裂间的关系.对该测线的设计和参数采集试验分析,为城市和山区的活断层探测提供了宝贵的经验. 相似文献
980.
电阻率成像法在地热勘查中,可以客观较真实地反映断层、热储地质体的基本特征.本文阐述了地电成像的原理、方法以及汤泉池温泉地热地质条件,对4条电阻率成像剖面进行了解释及综合分析,为定井提供了依据. 相似文献