荧光分析法在油气化探中的应用

荧光光谱法是分析芳烃的灵敏、快速、高效的方法,通过样品的同步荧光光谱和三维荧光光谱特征,可以进行油气属性的判断;区别油气信息和煤信息,区分油气信息和泥浆污染信息,提高钻井预测的准确度。某些情况下,可以用简单、便捷的同步荧光光谱取代三维荧光光谱分析,达到事半功倍的效果。     

Geochemistry of the thermal springs and fumaroles of Basse-Terre Island,Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles

 The purpose of this work was to study jointly the volcanic-hydrothermal system of the high-risk volcano La Soufrière, in the southern part of Basse-Terre, and the geothermal area of Bouillante, on its western coast, to derive an all-embracing and coherent conceptual geochemical model that provides the necessary basis for adequate volcanic surveillance and further geothermal exploration. The active andesitic dome of La Soufrière has erupted eight times since 1660, most recently in 1976–1977. All these historic eruptions have been phreatic. High-salinity, Na–Cl geothermal liquids circulate in the Bouillante geothermal reservoir, at temperatures close to 250  °C. These Na–Cl solutions rise toward the surface, undergo boiling and mixing with groundwater and/or seawater, and feed most Na–Cl thermal springs in the central Bouillante area. The Na–Cl thermal springs are surrounded by Na–HCO₃ thermal springs and by the Na–Cl thermal spring of Anse à la Barque (a groundwater slightly mixed with seawater), which are all heated through conductive transfer. The two main fumarolic fields of La Soufrière area discharge vapors formed through boiling of hydrothermal aqueous solutions at temperatures of 190–215  °C below the "Ty" fault area and close to 260  °C below the dome summit. The boiling liquid producing the vapors of the Ty fault area has δD and δ¹⁸O values relatively similar to those of the Na–Cl liquids of the Bouillante geothermal reservoir, whereas the liquid originating the vapors of the summit fumaroles is strongly enriched in ¹⁸O, due to input of magmatic fluids from below. This process is also responsible for the paucity of CH₄ in the fumaroles. The thermal features around La Soufrière dome include: (a) Ca–SO₄ springs, produced through absorption of hydrothermal vapors in shallow groundwaters; (b) conductively heated, Ca–Na–HCO₃ springs; and (c) two Ca–Na–Cl springs produced through mixing of shallow Ca–SO₄ waters and deep Na–Cl hydrothermal liquids. The geographical distribution of the different thermal features of La Soufrière area indicates the presence of: (a) a central zone dominated by the ascent of steam, which either discharges at the surface in the fumarolic fields or is absorbed in shallow groundwaters; and (b) an outer zone, where the shallow groundwaters are heated through conduction or addition of Na–Cl liquids coming from hydrothermal aquifer(s). Received: 9 November 1998 / Accepted: 15 July 1999     

贵州南加花岗岩类特征及其与成矿的关系

从江县南加花岗岩类包括似斑状花岗岩及二长花岗斑岩。本文论述了它们的地球化学特征,并对其形成的构造环境及与成矿作用的关系进行了不的分析。（１）主状花岗岩类具Ｓ型花岗岩的特点,这可能形成于先封闭“弧后盆地碰撞带”;（２）二长花岗斑岩既具有Ｉ型花岗岩的某些特点,也有Ｓ型花岗岩的一些特点,可能属碰撞后形成的钙碱性岩石;（３）似斑状花岗岩类与钨锡矿化关系密切,二长花岗斑岩则可能与铜矿化有关系。     

柴达木盆地东部地区侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征及生烃潜力评价

借助于Rock -Eval生油岩评价仪、色谱 -质谱、稳定同位素质谱仪、显微镜等分析测试手段,对柴达木盆地东部地区侏罗系烃源岩进行了地球化学特征分析。从有机碳含量、可溶有机质含量及其转化率、热解参数、饱和烃的生物标志化合物特征、有机岩石学特征和饱和烃单体烃碳同位素分布特征几个方面综合分析了侏罗系烃源岩的有机质丰度、类型和成熟度,并对其生烃潜力进行了评价。结果表明:(1 )侏罗系烃源岩有机碳含量高,多数样品属中等～好的生油岩范畴。 (2 )有机质类型多为Ⅲ型,少数为Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型。 (3)有机质处于低熟 -成熟阶段。 (4)烃源岩多为来源于高等植物的滨浅湖相和沼泽相沉积,具有煤系烃源岩的特点。 (5 )部分地区的生烃潜力较大。     

能量地球化学在花岗岩岩石谱系单位建立中的初步应用

岩浆的侵位和演化过程不仅仅表现为物质上的演化趋势 ,而且也是能量的释放和转移过程。以海洋山花岗岩体为例 ,通过对岩体岩石能量的计算 ,初步探讨了岩石能量地球化学在花岗岩体岩石谱系单位建立中的应用 ,并通过圆石山岩体和栗木岩体对该方法进行了验证。在同源岩浆演化的条件下 ,无论岩石结构是由粗粒到细粒或者是由细粒到粗粒演化 ,岩石的能量从早期侵位单元到晚期侵位单元是逐渐增大的。     

Sediment contamination in floodplains and alluvial terraces as an historical record of gold exploitation in the Carmo River basin,Southeast Quadrilátero Ferrífero,Minas Gerais,Brazil

This paper describes the geochemistry of sediment samples placed in floodplains and alluvial terraces downstream from gold mines in the Carmo River basin, Quadrilátero Ferrífero, Minas Gerais, Brazil. The geochemistry signature Na₂O, K₂O, SiO₂, CaO, MgO, Al₂O₃, Fe₂O₃, TiO₂, P₂O₅, Mn, As, Cu, Zn, Ba, Ni, Cr, S, Co were analyzed in different facies from stratigraphic profiles. As, Cu, Zn, and Mn anomalies are mainly associated with the clayed facies deposited in floodplains and oxbow lakes, and with coarse‐sediment facies deposited in the channel. The facies were accumulated by the gold exploitation activity in the region. The contamination of As, Cu, and Zn was controlled by minerals such as iron oxides and hydroxides (hematite, magnetite, and mainly goethite), manganese oxides, and sulfide‐rich minerals. The As‐bearing sediments of the region characterize one of the most As contaminated area of Brazil. Their main source is associated with gold exploration in the last three centuries.     

东湾背斜构造特征与勘探目标选择

东湾背斜位于准噶尔盆地南缘,采用多种地球物理及地质方法,通过多次论证,证明构造是落实的,且其烃源岩、储集层以及盖层条件都较好,但2003年完钻的东湾1井钻探结果却无任何油气显示。在深入了解准噶尔盆地南缘区域构造背景的基础上,探讨了东湾背斜的构造特征、构造演化过程及油气成藏条件,总结出东湾背斜的油气聚集规律,指出在东湾地区可能存在的两种油气藏模式,最后提出下步有利勘探目标区。     

博格达山白杨河地区中基性岩墙地球化学特征及其地质意义

白杨河地区中基性岩墙地球化学研究显示,该岩墙属于亚碱性系列,为岩浆高度演化的产物,轻稀土元素适度富集,轻重稀土分异中等,Nb、Ta强烈亏损,Ti、Zr和Hf适度亏损,不相容元素(K、Rb、Ba、Sr、LREE)与Pb富集,说明该岩墙源自与俯冲作用有关的交代地幔,且在侵位过程中受到地壳物质的混染。该岩墙侵位时期可能为270~250Ma左右,为造山期后伸展环境下的产物,是中亚造山带后碰撞阶段陆壳垂向生长的重要标志。     

EH-4电导率成像系统的特点及其在金属矿勘探中的应用

EH-4电导率成像系统是一种混场源频率域电磁观测系统,具有轻便、高效、勘探深度大、分辨率高的特点。通过在块状硫化物铜矿、斑岩铜矿已知矿区的试验研究,证实EH-4系统在这两种矿床类型的隐伏-半隐伏金属矿勘探中有较好的找矿效果。     

云南巍山—永平碰撞造山带走滑拉分盆地铜金多金属矿成矿流体系统：稳定同位素特征及热液来源

云南巍山—永平矿集区位于兰坪走滑拉分盆地南段,有铜金多金属中、小型矿床及矿化点140余处,盆地发育和成矿作用与印度—亚洲板块碰撞密切相关。为了探索该矿集区成矿热液的来源,研究了该区成矿流体的稳定同位素特征。区内成矿流体系统可分为紫金山子系统与公郎弧子系统。公郎弧子系统内铜钴矿床成矿流体的δD为-83.8‰~-69‰,δ18O为4.17‰~10.45‰,δ13C为-13.6‰~3.7‰,成矿流体主要来源于岩浆水及地层水。紫金山子系统内金、铅锌、铁矿床成矿流体的δD为-117.4‰~-76‰,δ18O为5.32‰~9.56‰,δ13C为-10.07‰~-1.5‰;锑矿成矿流体的δD为-95‰~-78‰,δ18O为4.5‰~32.3‰,δ13C为-26.4‰~-1.9‰,成矿流体来源于地层水以及岩浆水。受印度板块与亚洲板块碰撞造山作用的影响,在该盆地内,成矿流体自南西向北东大规模迁移过程中,先形成温度、盐度较高的公郎弧子系统,随着流体向北东推进,温度、盐度逐渐降低,流体成分发生变化,演变为紫金山子系统。