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11.
E. García L. De Haro C. O'Sullivan G. Cahill J. A. López Fernández F. Tercero B. Galocha J. L. Besada 《Experimental Astronomy》2003,15(3):173-193
A classical radioastronomy receiver is fed with a corrugated horn and an independent lens, both placed in a cryostat to lower
the noise temperature. The beam is focused and directed using a combination of elliptical and plane mirrors. This paper proposes
modifying the initial feeding system by placing the lens onto the horn aperture, thereby allowing a size reduction of the
horn and lens, and a simplification of their mechanical design. The profiled lens is shaped to correct the phase error on
the horn aperture. A quasi-optical model of the horn-plus-lens system has been developed using a Beam Mode Expansion (BME).
Results using both a hyperbolic-planar lens and a spherical-elliptical lens, as well as results obtained by using Geometrical
Optics (GO) with a Kirchoff–Huygens integration to get the far-field pattern, have been compared with measurements. As a direct
application, a full focusing system for the new 40-m radiotelescope at the “Centro Astronómico de Yebes” is presented for
the 22, 30 and 45 GHz bands. This paper has developed a QO model for a corrugated conical horn with a phase-correcting lens.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
12.
13.
K. K. Singh R. P. Patel J. Singh B. Kumar A. K. Singh R. P. Singh B. L. Koul Lalmani 《Journal of Earth System Science》2008,117(3):219-225
In this paper, we report observations of unusual whistlers recorded at Jammu (geomag. lat. = 22°26′N; L = 1.17), India on March 8, 1999 during the daytime. They are interpreted as one-hop ducted whistlers having propagated along
higher L-values in closely spaced narrow ducts from the opposite hemispheres. After leakage from the duct, the waves might have propagated
in the earth-ionosphere waveguide towards the equator in surface mode. Tentative explanation of the dynamic spectra of these
events is briefly presented. 相似文献
14.
云南官房铜矿床矿石矿物特征及银的赋存状态 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
通过显微镜鉴定、电子探针(EPMA)及扫描电镜能谱分析(SEM/EDS)等方法,首次对官房铜矿的矿物组合和银的赋存状态进行了研究。初步查明,矿石矿物为中-低温热液成因,并受火山机构及断裂构造的控制;银矿物主要为碲银矿和辉银矿。矿石中银与铜呈明显正相关关系,而方铅矿中不含银。银主要以类质同象的形式赋存于含铜矿物或黄铁矿中;银的独立矿物含量低,且多呈包裹体的形式存在于黄铜矿、斑铜矿及黄铁矿中,或以微细粒状赋存于矿物颗粒间和斑铜矿的表面。 相似文献
15.
Trace elements contamination of agricultural soils affected by sulphide exploitation (Iberian Pyrite Belt,Sw Spain) 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Agricultural soils of the Riotinto mining area (Iberian Pyrite Belt) have been studied to assess the degree of pollution by
trace elements as a consequence of the extraction and treatment of sulphides. Fifteen soil samples were collected and analysed
by ICP-OES and INAA for 51 elements. Chemical analyses showed an As–Cu–Pb–Zn association related with the mineralisation of
the Iberian Pyrite Belt. Concentrations were 19–994 mg kg−1 for As, 41–4,890 mg kg−1 for Pb, 95–897 mg kg−1 for Zn and of 27–1,160 mg kg−1 for Cu. Most of the samples displayed concentrations of these elements higher than the 90th percentile of the corresponding
geological dominium, which suggests an anthropogenic input besides the bedrock influence. Samples collected from sediments
were more contaminated than leptosols because they were polluted by leachates or by mining spills coming from the waste rock
piles. The weathering of the bedrock is responsible for high concentrations in Co, Cr and Ni, but an anthropogenic input,
such as wind-blown dust, seems to be indicative of the high content of As, Cu, Pb and Zn in leptosols. The metal partitioning
patterns show that most trace elements are associated with Fe amorphous oxy-hydroxides, or take part of the residual fraction.
According to the results obtained, the following mobility sequence is proposed for major and minor elements: Mn, Pb, Cd, > Zn,
Cu > Ni > As > Fe > Cr. The high mobility of Pb, Cu and Zn involve an environmental risk in this area, even in soils where
the concentrations are not so high. 相似文献
16.
P. M. Amaral J. Cruz Fernandes L. Guerra Rosa 《Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering》2008,41(6):917-928
Summary This paper describes and discusses the adequacy of Weibull statistical analysis to analyse the bending strength of granite.
The experimental results show that strength variability is related with a specific origin of failure. This conclusion is based
on analysing the influence of the surface condition (extrinsic defects) on the bending strength results treated by the Weibull
statistics. The conclusions drawn from this study have been validated by analysing the results of the critical flaw dimension
estimated by applying the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) formulae. Results obtained from fractographic examination
also have been used to describe the location of the origin of the fracture and understand the distribution of defects; i.e.,
there is a unimodal distribution of defects (intrinsic defects), despite the fact that some outlier values are normally observed
in the fractured surfaces.
Correspndence: P. M. Amaral, Department of Materials Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Technical University of Lisbon,
Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal 相似文献
17.
Flaring of associated gas from oil exploitation has several consequences on the environment. This study explores the spatial
variability effects of gas flaring on the growth and development of cassava (Manihot esculenta), waterleaf (Talinum triangulare), and pepper (Piper spp.) crops commonly cultivated in the Niger Delta, Nigeria. Data was collected on soil and atmospheric temperature and moisture
at a 20-m interval, starting at 40 m from the flare point to a distance of 140 m. Lengths and widths of crop leaves, height
of crop plants and cassava yields were measured at the specified distances. The amino acid, ascorbic acid, starch, and sugar
constituents of the cassava yields were determined. The results suggest that a spatial gradient exists in the effects of gas
flares on crop development. Retardation in crop development manifests in decreased dimensions of leaf lengths and widths of
cassava and pepper crops closer to the gas flare point. Statistical analysis also confirms that cassava yields are higher
at locations further away from the flare point. In addition, the amount of starch and ascorbic acid in cassava decreased when
the plant is grown closer to the gas flare. High temperatures around the gas flare appear to be the most likely cause of this
retardation. The waterleaf crop, on the other hand, appears to thrive better around the gas flare point. 相似文献
18.
K. Vinod kumar R. C. Lakhera Tapas R. Martha R. S. Chatterjee A. Bhattacharya 《Environmental Geology》2008,55(4):789-799
Mass movements such as landslides in mountainous terrains are natural degradation processes and one of the most important
landscape-building factors. Varunawat Parbat overlooking Uttarkashi town witnessed a series of landslides on 23 September
2003 and the debris slides and rock falls continued for 2 weeks. This landslide complex was triggered due to the incessant
rainfall prior to the event, and its occurrence led to the blockage of the pilgrim route to Gangotri (source of the Ganges
river) and evacuation of thousands of people to safer places. Though there was no loss of lives due to timely evacuation,
heavy losses to the property were reported. High-resolution stereoscopic earth observation data were acquired after the incidence
to study the landslide in detail with emphasis on the cause of the landslide and mode of failure. Areas along the road and
below the Varunawat foothill region are mapped for landslide risk. It was found that the foothill region of the Varunawat
Parbat was highly disturbed by man-made activities and houses are dangerously located below steep slopes. The potential zones
for landslides along with the existing active and old landslides are mapped. These areas are critical and their treatment
with priority is required in order to minimise further landslide occurrences. 相似文献
19.
20.
使用美国夏威夷大学发展的中等复杂程度海洋模式(IOM)在给定表面强迫条件下模拟了热带大西洋上层海洋年际和年代际变率的时空结构.利用NCEP的41a(1958~1998年)逐月平均表面资料作为强迫场,积分海洋模式41a作为控制试验,并利用模式分别做动量(风应力)通量和热量通量无异常变化的平行试验,与控制试验作比较.对3组试验模拟上层海洋变率状况的比较,并按年际和年代际时间尺度分别分析,揭示表面风应力和热通量异常对海表面温度和温跃层深度变化的影响,并比较了其影响的相对重要性.结果表明模式成功地模拟出了热带大西洋上层海洋的变率.模式模拟的海表面温度年际变化主要表现为弱ENSO型,年代际变化表现为南、北大西洋变化相反的偶极子型.在年际时间尺度上,热力强迫和动力强迫对海表温度变化都有贡献,其中赤道外海表面温度异常(SSTA)变化主要由热通量异常引起,而近赤道SSTA的变化主要由动量异常强迫引起.在年代际时间尺度上,热通量强迫的作用远比动量强迫重要.模式不仅能够模拟SST在年际和年代际时间尺度上的变率,还能够模拟温跃层深度在年际和年代际时间尺度上的变率.年际和年代际时间尺度上,温跃层深度的变率主要由动量异常决定,热通量异常强迫的贡献很小. 相似文献