我国环境污染的变化规律与调控对策

本文在分析了我国水体、大气与土地污染的现状及其变化规律的基础上,认为我国由于自然条件的区域差异与经济发展水平的不同,环境污染的变化也是存在着很强的区域分异特征的。为此,必须按照我国自然、经济的变化规律,提出相应的环境对策,以便有效地利用环境本身的自净功能,全面规划,合理布局工农业生产,并充分利用科学技术手段,改革生产流程,控制污染物的排放,同时还应该采取多种途径,改进环境管理措施与立法功能。     

Equilibrium solutions of the restricted problem of 2 + 2 axisymmetric rigid bodies

The restricted problem of 2 + 2 homogenous axisymmetric ellipsoids such that their equatorial planes coincide with the orbital plane of the centers of mass is considered. The equilibrium solutions of this problem are shown to exist. Six of these solutions are located about the collinear points of the restricted problem of three axisymmetric ellipsoids. A special case of this problem is studied and sixteen solutions are found in the neighborhood of the triangular Lagrangian points.     

THE EFFECTS OF A SLOPING BOTTOM ON THE EQUATORIAL WAVE-INDUCED DEEP RESIDUAL CURRENTS

ImODUcnONThedeepequatorialoceanhasobvioussignilicantflowapparentlycarryinghacelsa1ongandacrosstheequator(WissCtal.,l985).RmtfloatmsurementSshoWedthattheflowishigh1yvariable(Richardsonetal.,l993).ThomPsonandKawase(l993)pro-posedthatthelargeinstantaneousandfloatvelocitiesasWellasthevariabilitysuggestthatthetracersignaIsreflCCtreCtificationoftimedependentmotionsandniinginsteadofrneanEulerianflow.TheresultSoftheirstudyonthegenerationofmeancurrentSbyperi-odicfordngintheequatorialoceaninasir…     

天然气球罐基础沉降监测方法探讨

以西安天然气储配站球罐工程为例,设计了球罐基础稳定监测的方法,通过实施和探讨,得出了一些有益的结论。     

A minimizing property of eulerian solutions

In this paper, we prove that the elliptical solutions and collision ejection solutions with the Eulerian collinear configuration for planar 3-body problems are the variational minimizers of the Lagrangian action restricted on a suitable loop space.     

基于PML边界下的弹性及黏弹性TTI介质波场模拟

基于一阶速度-应力波动方程,采用高阶交错网格有限差分数值模拟方法,对弹性及黏弹性TTI介质进行正演数值模拟。模拟时采用完全匹配层吸收边界条件(PML)消除边界反射。同时设计了层状介质模型、断层模型,通过模型的正演计算,得到了不同时刻的地震波波场快照及合成地震记录,分析其波场运动学及动力学特征。模拟结果表明,交错网格有限差分法可以很好地完成对复杂介质的波场模拟,具有较高的精度和可靠性。     

老挝石和寿山石矿物学特征的差异性研究

以老挝石和寿山石的岩相学为基础,对其矿物学上的差异性进行了对比分析研究.重点用电子探针（EMPA）分析了老挝石和寿山石组成的化学元素种类及含量.用X射线粉晶衍射（XRD）分析了老挝石和寿山石的矿物组成.研究结果表明,老挝石和寿山石两者在矿物学上的差异主要体现在颜色、成分等方面,老挝石的颜色主要为红、白、粉,较少出现黄色,寿山石颜色丰富多彩,有红、白、粉、紫、黄、绿等,不同品种颜色差异较大.造成老挝石和寿山石颜色差异的主要原因为Fe元素含量的变化,Fe含量越高,颜色越深.老挝石和寿山石的主要矿物组成大致相同,主要由地开石、高岭石和珍珠陶石等组成,但两者在矿物组成含量及种类上略有差异.寿山石品种不同,矿物组成略有差异,如寿山虎口石中出现黄铁矿和叶蜡石,这在老挝石的研究中没有发现.     

Landslide scar/soil erodibility mapping using Landsat TM/ETM+ bands 7 and 3 Normalised Difference Index: A case study of central region of Kenya

Landsat series multispectral remote sensing imagery has gained increasing attention in providing solutions to environmental problems such as land degradation which exacerbate soil erosion and landslide disasters in the case of rainfall events. Multispectral data has facilitated the mapping of soils, land-cover and structural geology, all of which are factors affecting landslide occurrence. The main aim of this research was to develop a methodology to visualize and map past landslides as well as identify land degradation effects through soil erosion and land-use using remote sensing techniques in the central region of Kenya. The study area has rugged terrain and rainfall has been the main source of landslide trigger. The methodology comprised visualizing landslide scars using a False Colour Composite (FCC) and mapping soil erodibility using FCC components applying expert based classification. The components of the FCC were: the first independent component (IC1), Principal Component (PC) with most geological information, and a Normalised Difference Index (NDI) involving Landsat TM/ETM+ band 7 and 3.The FCC components formed the inputs for knowledge-based classification with the following 13 classes: runoff, extreme erosions, other erosions, landslide areas, highly erodible, stable, exposed volcanic rocks, agriculture, green forest, new forest regrowth areas, clear, turbid and salty water. Validation of the mapped landslide areas with field GPS locations of landslide affected areas showed that 66% of the points coincided well with landslide areas mapped in the year 2000. The classification maps showed landslide areas on the steep ridge faces, other erosions in agricultural areas, highly erodible zones being already weathered rocks, while runoff were mainly fluvial deposits. Thus, landuse and rainfall processes play a major role in inducing landslides in the study area.     

基于熵思想的民族区城市生态系统研究——以云南省16个市州为例

基于生态资源环境与社会协调发展的区域城镇化研究已成为我国现阶段地理学研究中的重要科学问题之一。应用熵思想对2010—2012年云南16个市州的支持型输入熵、压力型输出熵、还原代谢型熵和消费代谢型熵、熵流、熵产生及总熵变情况进行定量研究。结果表明:云南省各市州城市社会经济生态系统还处于发展阶段,主要以有序度下降为主;云南省各市州的支持型输入、压力型输出、还原代谢型和消费代谢型4种类型熵存在着显著的空间差异性与单一熵主导性并存现象;云南省各市州城市社会经济生态系统的熵流、熵产生、总熵变存在着显著的空间差异性;云南省各市州城市社会经济生态系统的综合发展得分总体上呈现出东部优于西部、南部优于北部的空间分异格局。     

中尺度涡影响下目的层地震成像的畸变与影响因素分析

将PE方法与地震数值模拟方法相结合研究了中尺度涡影响下目标地层成像的畸变.模拟了不同声源频率、不同水深条件下的地震波场.计算结果发现,中尺度涡的存在使得真实地形结构无法在地震成像中反映,而且地震成像畸变随着海水深度、震源频率的增加而增大.机理分析表明,中尺度涡所带来的水体温度梯度变化是产生地震成像畸变的主要因素.为了便于工程应用,本文还推导了有效涡强度、温度差与地形畸变率的关系式.本文的研究结果将对提高深海地震成像精度有一定的指导意义.