北京地区某基坑边坡支护变形分析及建议

通过北京地区某基坑开挖工程中的变形情况,分析该工程基坑边坡变形的根本原因,同时通过该工程的情况,反思在岩土工程设计及施工过程中遇见该类饱和的细颗粒地层时应当注意的事项,最后对在此类地层中施工时的一些难点提出了解决方法。     

高速铁路大断面黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机研究

隧道工程二次衬砌施作时机是隧道界普遍关注的问题。依托正在修建的郑州-西安铁路客运专线大断面黄土隧道工程,以围岩及初期支护基本稳定速率作为二次衬砌施作时机判定指标,采用位移断面监测数据回归分析和数值分析相结合,建立基本稳定速率的理论求解方法,从而确定二次衬砌施作时机;同时,选取贺家庄隧道试验段作为工程实例,对高速铁路大断面黄土隧道二次衬砌施作时机进行研究。研究结果表明：当拱顶下沉变形速率值小于0.55 mm/d,边墙水平绝对收敛速率值小于0.11 mm/d时,即可进行二次衬砌施作。此次研究为类似工程的设计和施工提供了参考依据。     

Geomorphological,stratigraphic and geochronological evidence of fast Pleistocene coastal uplift in the westernmost part of the Corinth Gulf Rift (Greece)

Rapid extension and active normal faulting in the western extremity of the Corinth Gulf are accompanied by fast coastal uplift. We investigate Pleistocene uplift west of Aigion, by attempting to date remains of marine terraces and sedimentary sequences by calcareous nannoplankton and U‐series analyses. Net uplift initiated recently, due to abandonment of an older rift‐bounding fault zone and increase in activity on the presently active, coastal fault zone. This change apparently coincides with an abrupt slow down (or, termination) of secondary fault block tilting within the broader hangingwall block of the older zone, indicated by an angular unconformity that dates in the early part of MIS10 (∼390–350 ka BP, preferably, in the earlier part of this period). Net uplift driven by the coastal zone resulted in the formation of MIS9c (330 ka) and younger terraces. The formation of the unconformity and the initiation of net uplift coincide temporally with a ∼300–400 ka unconformity recognized by recent studies in a wide area offshore Aigion i.e. they could be part of an evolutionary event that affected the entire western part of the Corinth Rift or, a large area therein. Uplift rate estimates at four locations are discussed with reference to the morphotectonic context of differential uplift of secondary fault blocks, and the context of possible increase in uplift rate with time. The most reliable and most useful estimate for uplift rate at the longitude of the studied transect is 1.74–1.85 mm/year (time‐averaged estimate for the last ∼240 ka, based on calcareous nannoplankton and sequence‐stratigraphic interpretation). Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

含柯石英超高压榴辉岩的早期变形--以苏北东海碱场榴辉岩体为例

以超高压矿物组合的各种后成合晶及冠状体等卸载不平衡结构为参考标志，将含柯石英的超高压榴辉岩的交形序列分成两个部分。后成合晶及冠状体发育之前的变形为早期变形，是在大陆深俯冲和碰撞条件下发育的超高压变质变形组构。后成合晶及冠状体发育之后的变形为晚期变形，是在超高压岩石折返剥露过程中，主要是在角闪岩相甚至绿片岩相条件下发育的。构造上江苏省北部东海县碱场合柯石英榴辉岩体，分为块状榴辉岩和面理化榴辉岩两种类型，分别代表超高压变质岩早期变形的两个构造阶段或世代(D1、D2)。详细描述了它们的矿物组合、中小尺度及显微尺度下的组构特征，讨论了两者的几何关系和区域构造意义，强调指出，只有含柯石英榴辉岩的早期变形组构，才能记录和反映斜向大陆深俯冲及碰撞的动力学过程。     

Geomechanical Properties of Shear Zones in the Eastern Aar Massif,Switzerland and their Implication on Tunnelling

Summary ¶Rock zones containing a high fracture density and/or soft, low cohesion materials can be highly problematic when encountered during tunnel excavation. For example in the eastern Aar massif of central Switzerland, experiences during the construction of the Gotthard highway tunnel showed that heavily fractured areas within shear zones were responsible for overbreaks in the form of chimneys several metres in height. To understand and estimate the impact of the shear zones on rock mass behaviour, knowledge concerning the rock mass strength and deformation characteristics is fundamental. A series of laboratory triaxial tests, performed on samples from granite- and gneiss-hosted shear zones revealed that with increasing degree of tectonic overprint, sample strength decreases and rock behaviour shows a transition from brittle to ductile deformation. These trends may be explained by increasing fracture densities, increasing foliation intensity, increasing thickness of fine-grained, low cohesion fracture infill, and increasing mica content associated with the increasing degree of tectonic overprint. As fracture density increases and the influence of discrete, persistent discontinuities on rock mass strength decreases, behaviour of the test samples becomes more and more representative of rock mass behaviour, i.e. that of a densely fractured continuum. For the purpose of numerical modeling calculations, the shear zones may be subdivided with respect to an increasing fracture density, foliation intensity and mica content into a strongly foliated zone, a fractured zone and a cohesionless zone, which in turn exhibit brittle, brittle-ductile and ductile rock mass constitutive behaviour, respectively.Received December 17, 2001; accepted January 9, 2003 Published online April 29, 2003     

生石灰膨胀特性的试验研究

用生石灰处理软弱地基是工程中最常用的手段,生石灰膨胀量的计算是核心问题。为了研究生石灰的膨胀特性,以生石灰和生石灰与水泥的混合料为试样,考虑了磨细度、配合比及约束力等影响因素,进行室内试验,得到了生石灰的膨胀规律,即不论其他影响因素如何变化,生石灰体积膨胀系数 与约束力 总有如下数学关系： ,此关系由试验得出。用于地基处理时,膨胀系数 取决于地基土侧压力系数 、重度 以及深度 ,其关系为： ,该公式可为与生石灰有关的地基处理问题提供更可靠和准确的计算依据。     

文章已录用：阴山晚中生代板内造山特征及其动力机制-以内蒙古大青山为例

内蒙古大青山属我国典型的板内造山带阴山山脉的南部山系,其西段缺少大型低角度推覆构造及大型深成岩对前期演化历史的干扰,是研究阴山板内造山特点及过程的理想区域。通过对大青山西段的构造进行几何学和运动学的分析表明,古老结晶基底以逆冲推覆及基底褶皱的形式广泛的巻入中生代构造变形,以及先存构造样式的广泛复活并对后期地层沉积和断层发育的控制作用是内蒙古大青山地区中生代板内造山的两个基本特征。这些变形特征反映了阴山带板内造山过程中,是以结晶基底为受力层,并控制上覆盖层进行构造变形的,进而表明板内造山主要是由水平挤压应力造成的。结合研究区构造变形特点及邻区中生代构造地质情况的分析认为,晚侏罗世时期之所以在阴山带形成强烈的板内造山运动,是由其北部西伯利亚板块与蒙古褶皱带碰撞产生的板缘应力的远程传递,以及其南侧强硬的鄂尔多斯地块的阻挡共同作用而形成的。     

远安地堑上白垩统红花套组压实剪切型变形带的微观结构与地层渗透性关系解析

孔隙性砂岩中形成的压实剪切型变形带及其周围的渗透性特征是变形带研究的重要内容之一,由于变形带宽度常为毫米级别,常规渗透率测试方法因分辨率的限制无法满足研究需求。选取远安地堑上白垩统红花套组中不同规模的单条变形带、小型及中大型簇状变形带样品,在对其微观结构进行详细研究的基础上,采用具有高分辨率测试功能的AUTOSCAN进行密集测试,建立了连续渗透率剖面。结果显示,渗透率低值点与变形带有显著对应关系,在渗透率线扫描曲线中呈下拉尖峰特征;不同变形带渗透率异常低值点存在差异,变形带厚度大则异常程度高;不同微观结构要素的渗透率降低程度不同,渗透率由低至高依次为：大型簇状变形带的核心碎裂带<小型簇状变形带的核心碎裂带<带间区域<单条变形带核心碎裂带<边缘过渡区<围岩。分析认为,虽然变形带的厚度和渗透率探测孔的大小会影响探测结果,但变形带的微观结构才是控制渗透率降低程度不同的本质原因。中大型簇状变形带的核心碎裂带密集发育且连续性好,很可能对流体渗流、油气运移等造成较大影响;而单条变形带由于延续性较差,很难真正阻碍流体渗流,而是会增强岩石整体的各向异性特征。     

基于差分干涉雷达的汶川地震同震形变特点

地震同震形变场是认识震源机制、确定发震断裂、分析发震断裂活动方式、评估震害损失及揭示未来发震趋势的重要依据。但在龙门山地区复杂的自然环境中, 现有的地震同震形变场获取方法(GPS测量、构造形迹分析、震源机制解结合数值模拟计算)难以快速、全面的捕捉到这种信息, 这突显出差分干涉雷达技术(D-InSAR, Differential Interferometry SAR)在同震形变场研究中的优势。本文介绍了其观测原理, 在地震同震形变监测中的研究现状, 并重点分析了已获取的D-InSAR汶川地震同震形变场的观测结果。基于差分干涉雷达观测及相关资料, 对龙门山断裂在本次地震中活动性进行了初步分析, 结果表明干涉雷达形变图像与地表破裂范围、逆冲角度的变化、上下盘升降关系及大型余震的展布存在很强的相关性。      

石窟围岩地震变形破坏机制的数值模拟分析

针对石窟文物的特点,阐述了影响石窟围岩变形稳定性的主要因素和动力有限元分析方法。以敦煌莫高窟的2个典型工段为实例,通过对不同峰值加速度、频谱、持续时间的动荷载作用下石窟围岩位移场、应力场分布特征的数值模拟计算,揭示了岩土体及其附属构筑物在地震作用下的动态响应和变化规律,指出了窟体防护加固的重点部位。分析结果表明,随着地震动峰值加速度(PGA)、反应谱特征周期和地震动持续时间的增大,洞窟的位移和应力值明显增大,应力集中区的范围扩大,围岩损伤的可能性增加,稳定性降低。应力分布与洞窟数量、组合特性、几何形状和尺寸密切相关,并控制了石窟围岩的震害特征。其成果为石窟文物的科学保护和岩体抗震加固与减灾提供理论基础和实践依据。