水源中同位素氘对动植物的影响

通过水中氘同位素组成的分析，研究水中氘对生物生长的影响，认为淡水中氘亏损程度较高的水能提高生物的机能活性，促进生物体的新陈代谢。在甲状腺病变多发区中，导致碘缺乏症的主要因素并不是水中碘含量低，而是与水中氘亏损程度高有关，实验表明，氘亏损程度高的淡水还能的淡水还能激发植物种子的萌芽，提高萌芽率，从而增加农作物产量。     

Acid catalysis of alkyl hydrogen exchange and configurational isomerisation reactions: acyclic isoprenoid acids

Acid-catalysed alkyl hydrogen exchange and configurational isomerisation has been studied in a series of acyclic isoprenoid acids when they were heated at 160°C in the presence of a montmorillonite. Hydrogen exchange occurred between the adsorbed water of the clay surface and the a position of the isoprenoid acids. In cases where this position was chiral, exchange was accompanied by configurational isomerisation. Configurational isomerisation occurred more slowly in experiments conducted without a clay matrix in the presence of water. These results have been rationalized in terms of a reaction mechanism involving protonation of the carbonyl oxygen causing enolization and consequent hydrogen exchange at the a position of the acids. This mechanism was used to account for the relatively fast rate of isomerisation of C-2 chiral centres in sedimentary acyclic isoprenoid acids during maturation.     

黑河流域中游盆地水文地球化学演化规律研究

黑河是我国第二大内流河,研究其水化学演化规律,对于区域水资源科学利用与管理、保障饮水安全和下游生态安全都具有重要作用。本文利用2014—2018年在黑河流域开展1∶50 000水文地质调查所获取的资料,研究了黑河干流和丰乐河两个典型剖面的水化学和同位素变化规律。结果表明,黑河中游盆地地下水主要来源于祁连山区大气降水补给,黑河干流区地下水氘氧同位素比丰乐河流域更为富集,反映了氘氧同位素的高程效应。在丰乐河流域排泄区发现了非现代气候条件下形成的古水,说明现在的盐湖盆地早期就是地下水滞留区。山前戈壁带含水层经长期淋滤作用,地下水溶解性总固体(total dissolved solids,TDS)较低,水化学类型以重碳酸型为主。溢出带以北下游地区TDS逐步增高,地下水类型以硫酸型、硫酸-氯型为主,具有两种地下水化学背景和演化模式:一种是石膏溶解-碳酸盐沉淀析出-氯化物溶解-缓慢的硅酸盐非完全溶解和阳离子交换反应模式;另一种在此基础上增加硫酸钠溶解演化模式。流域补给区和径流区地下水TDS升高的主要原因是溶滤作用。丰乐河排泄区地下水TDS升高的主要原因仍是溶滤作用,溶滤盐分的来源是表层的盐分,以石盐为主。黑河干流排泄区由于含水层较薄,水位埋深较浅,蒸发对地下水咸化的影响更大。     

Ocean air masses from the East Asian monsoon dominate the land-surface atmospheric water cycles in the coastal areas of Liaodong Bay,Northeast China

Long-term atmospheric water vapour hydrogen (δ²H), oxygen (δ¹⁸O) and deuterium excess (d-excess) can provide unique insights into the land-atmosphere coupling processes. The in-situ measurements of atmospheric water vapour δ²H, δ¹⁸O and d-excess were conducted above a reed wetland of Liaodong Bay (2019–2020). We found significant inter-annual variations in atmospheric water vapour isotopes between the two growing (May–September) seasons. The δ²H, δ¹⁸O and d-excess of atmospheric water vapour exhibited different seasonal and diurnal cycles concerning the vertical measurement heights, especially in 2019. The isotopic differences of atmospheric water vapour among vertical measurement heights were more evident in the daytime. Rainfall events directly impacted the diurnal patterns of water vapour isotopes, and the influences depended on rainfall intensities. However, only weak correlations existed between water vapour isotopes and local meteorological factors (R² = 0.01–0.16, p < 0.001), such as water vapour concentration (w), Relative Humidity (RH) and surface air temperature (T_a). Based on the back-air trajectory analyses, the spatial–temporal dynamics of atmospheric water vapour isotopes are highly synchronized with monsoon activities. Different water vapour sources influence the water vapour isotope in this region and the higher d-excess value is related to the intense convection brought by the monsoon. High-resolution measurements of atmospheric water vapour isotopes will improve our understanding of the hydrological cycles in coastal areas.     

O,H,and Sr isotope evidence for origin and mixing processes of the Gudui geothermal system,Himalayas,China

Tho Gudui geothermal field records the highest temperature at equivalent borehole depths among the lainland hydrothermal systems in mainland China.Located about 150 km southeast of Lhasa City,the capital of Tibet,the Gudui geothermal field belongs to the Sangri-Cuona rift belt,also known as the Sangri-Cuona geothermal belt,and is representative of the non-volcanic geothermal systems in the Himalayas.In this study,oxygen-18 and deuterium isotope compositions as well as ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr ratios of water samples collected from the Gudui geothermal field were characterized to understand the origin and mixing processes of the geothermal fluids at Gudui.Hydrogen and oxygen isotope plots show both,deep and shallow reservoirs in the Gudui geothermal field.Deep geothermal fluids are the mixing product of magmatic and infiltrating snow-melt water.Calculations show that the magma fluid component of the deep geothermal fluids account for about 21.10%-24.04%;magma fluids lay also be a contributing source of lithium.The linear relationship of the ~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr isotopic ratio versus the 1/Sr plot indicates that shallow geothermal fluids form from the mixing of deep geothermal fluids with cold groundwater.Using a binary mixing model with deep geothermal fluid and cold groundwater as two end-members,the nixing ratios of the latter in most surface hot springs samples were calculated to be between 5% and 10%.Combined with basic geological characteristics,hydrogen and oxygen isotope characteristics,strontium concentration,~(87)Sr/(86)Sr ratios,and the binary mixing model,we infer the 6 th-Class Reservoirs Evolution Conceptual Model(6-CRECM) for the Gudui geothermal system.This model represents an idealized summary of the characteristics of the Gudui geothermal field based on our comprehensive understanding of the origin and mixing processes of the geothermal fluid in Gudui.This study may aid in identifying the geothermal and geochemical origin of the Gudui high-temperature hydrothermal systems in remote Tibet of China,whose potential for geothermal development and utilization is enormous and untapped.     

新疆阿勒泰地区地表水体氢氧同位素组成及空间分布特征

氢氧同位素可以识别水体来源,示踪水循环,自20世纪50年代以来已被广泛应用于水文地球化学领域.已有学者开展了新疆大气降水及部分河流湖泊的稳定同位素研究,而关于阿勒泰地区大气降水之外的地表水体稳定同位素研究尚需加强.本文采用液体水激光同位素分析法开展了新疆阿勒泰地区地表河水、湖泊、山泉水、雪水、锂矿坑裂隙水五类水体的氢氧...     

东亚水循环中水稳定同位素的GCM模拟和相互比较

利用引入稳定同位素循环的ECHAM4、GISS E和HadCM3模式的模拟,对东亚降水中年平均δD和过量氘d的空间分布以及大气水线（MWL）进行了分析.根据模拟的空间分布,降水同位素在很大程度上反映不同气团的地理背景以及它们之间的相互作用,模拟结果很好地再现了由GNIP实测资料得到的降水稳定同位素的纬度效应、大陆效应和...     

黑河流域大气降水水汽来源分析

根据黑河流域取得的降水水样和降水气象资料,分析了该区域降水中氢氧同位素的时空差异与水汽输送的关系,定量估算了大陆性局地水汽循环在总降水中所占的比率.研究表明,春夏季降水主要受海洋性水汽来源影响,秋冬季降水受大陆性局地水汽来源影响;受水库水体蒸发水汽影响的附近区域降水氘盈余偏高,受海洋蒸发水汽控制的祁连山区降水氘盈余接近全球平均值10‰;基于氘盈余值估算,局地水循环对区域降水贡献率较大,占全年降水比例至少达31.06%.     

哈尼梯田麻栗寨河流域泉水氢氧同位素的海拔效应

氢氧同位素是示踪流域水循环过程的有效方法,水是维系哈尼梯田景观稳定性的关键.以哈尼梯田文化景观遗产核心区的麻栗寨河流域泉水为研究对象,通过采集不同海拔的33个样品分析泉水氢氧同位素的海拔效应.结果表明：总体上看,泉水氢氧同位素随海拔的上升而下降,其递减率随海拔增加而变大,并具有高、中、低三段海拔分异的特征;低海拔段（1 060 m以下）和高海拔段（1 510 m以上）均具有明显的海拔效应,但中海拔段（1 060~1 510 m）相关关系不显著;泉水氢氧同位素关系方程与全国大气降水线相比斜率略小,说明在泉水形成之前曾受雨量效应、蒸发作用和补给等因素影响;在氘盈余方面,低海拔段的d值与全国大气降水线相当,中海拔段明显低于全国大气降水线,高海拔段明显高于全国大气降水线,说明研究区泉水存在强烈的混合作用,且其海拔效应是在补给水源多次循环和利用过程中形成.     

Stable isotope fractionations in the evaporation of water: The wind effect

We performed pan evaporation experiments with the objective of exploring the behaviour of the long-standing Craig–Gordon (C–G) stable isotope model for evaporation under different conditions of air turbulence. The water lost through evaporation was automatically replenished so that a steady isotopic composition was reached, the value of which depended on the isotopic composition of the replenishment water and environmental parameters like temperature, relative humidity and isotopic composition of the atmospheric vapour, and the air turbulence index. The pans were exposed to artificial winds ranging from 0 to 2.5 m/s to change the air turbulence index, which governs the repartition between vapour transported by molecular diffusion and turbulent diffusion. Our data revealed that for wind speeds >0.5 m/s the isotopic composition of the evaporating water deviated from that predicted by the C–G model. This deviation was hypothetically attributed to microdroplets of liquid water removed by the wind without any isotopic fractionation. Isotope mass balance equations allowed us to quantify this water loss, which at wind speeds of ~2 m/s reached 10% of the total evaporation losses. An alternative kinetic evaporation model was proposed whereby the equilibrium layer and the atmospheric laminar layer above the evaporating water of the C–G model were destroyed by the wind and evaporated water molecules were directly injected into the atmosphere. In this model, the isotopic fractionations were due to the slower kinetics of hydrogen bond breakage between molecules in liquid water when heavy isotopes are involved. Accordingly, our data suggested that for isotope water balance studies where winds are frequently above 2 m/s, the C–G model may be inadequate without appropriate corrections for spray vaporization, or the introduction of appropriate kinetic isotope fractionation factors.