颗粒形状对碎石料孔隙特性影响研究

颗粒形状是影响碎石料孔隙特性的主要因素之一,进而影响碎石料的渗透特性和力学行为。选取粒径为2~5 mm和5~10 mm的灰岩碎石颗粒填筑试样,同时与相同级配和孔隙率的玻璃球试样进行对比研究,采用CT扫描技术和图形处理软件获取多孔介质孔隙边界轮廓,选取0.5 mm开度阈值分割孔隙;每组试样选取3张扫描断面图像,取定量参数的平均值为研究对象,对孔隙特性进行定量分析。结果表明：玻璃球多孔介质孔隙形状的复杂性甚于碎石料;玻璃球多孔介质孔隙系统的连通度大于同粒组碎石料。     

复杂岩性储层渗透率-应力敏感性及其对气井产能的影响

采用变流压定围压试验方式,在高温、高压条件下模拟了气藏开发过程,研究了复杂火山岩气藏储层渗透率应力敏感性,对比了变流压定围压与常规的定流压变围压方式评价储层应力敏感性的异同。试验结果表明,火山岩储层渗透率随着孔隙压力的减小而减小,渗透率减小主要发生在孔隙压力从40 MPa下降至25 MPa的变化区间,渗透率损失率与其初始渗透率之间的相关性较差,这与常规沉积砂岩储层具有一定的差别。变流压定围压试验评价的应力敏感性强于定流压变围压评价结果,气藏储层有效应力变化范围内两种试验评价的应力敏感性结果差异更大。基于渗流力学理论,推导得到考虑应力敏感性的气井产能方程。计算结果表明,考虑应力敏感性时气井无阻流量约为不考虑应力敏感性时的63.28%,应力敏感性对气井产能的影响随着生产压差的增大而增大。     

Experimental study of Tunis soft soil improved by vacuum consolidation associated with geodrains

An experimental investigation was carried out on the reconstituted Tunis soft soil (TSS) that was extracted from the centre of Tunis City at 35-m depth. Three series of consolidation tests were performed on TSS specimens. The first series included consolidation tests by preload. In the second series, vacuum consolidation tests were performed. The third series comprised a vacuum consolidation test combined with the preload. Excess pore water pressure and settlement were measured during the consolidation tests. Experimental results showed that for the same magnitude of preload and the vacuum pressure of 4, 8, 16 and 30 kPa, the settlement caused by the vacuum pressure is lower than that generated by the preload, while the settlements generated by preloads of 60 and 100 kPa are slightly lower than those caused by vacuum pressure of 60 and 100 kPa. A rapid dissipation of recorded excess pore water pressure around the geodrain was observed compared to that measured close to the cell border.     

Amphibole Ar/Ar Geochronology from the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt, South Korea and its Tectonic Implications

An understanding of the Okcheon Metamorphic Belt (OMB) in South Korea is central to unraveling the tectono-metamorphic evolution of East Asia. Amphibole-bearing rocks in the OMB occur as calcsilicate layers and lenses in psammitic rocks, in the psammitic rocks themselves, and in the mafic volcanic layers and intrusives. Most amphiboles fail to show ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar plateau ages; those that do have ages ranging from 132 to 975 Ma. The disturbed age pattern and wide variation in ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages can be related to metamorphic grade, retrograde chemical reactions, excess Ar and amphibole composition. The oldest age (975 Ma) can be interpreted either as an old igneous or metamorphic age predating sedimentation or a false age caused by excess Ar. The youngest age of 132 Ma and the disturbed age pattern found in amphiboles from rocks located close to Jurassic granitoids are the result of retrograde thermal metamorphic effects accompanying intrusion of the granitoids. Some medium- or coarse-grained amphiboles in the calcsilicates are aggregates of fine-grained crystals. As a result, they are heterogeneous and prove to be readily affected by excess Ar. A disturbed age pattern in amphiboles from the calcsilicates occurring in the high-grade metamorphic zone may also be the product of excess Ar. On the other hand, the disturbed pattern of amphiboles present in the calcsilicates from the low-grade metamorphic zone could arise from both excess Ar and mixed ages. However, amphiboles from psammitic rocks and some calcsilicates in the high-grade metamorphic zone and in intrusive metabasites display real plateau ages of 237 to 261 Ma. The temperature conditions in the high-grade metamorphic zone were higher than the argon closing temperature for amphibole, and the amphiboles in this zone give plateau ages only when they are homogeneous in composition, lack excess Ar, and have not been thermally affected by intrusion of the granitoids. The unmodified ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar ages prove rather younger than the age of the Late Paleozoic metamorphic event of 280 to 300 Ma, but they are close to muscovite K-Ar ages of 263 to 277 Ma. These ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar amphibole ages are interpreted as the time of cooling that followed the main regional, intermediate-P/T metamorphic climax. The results demonstrate that interpretation of ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar amphibole ages in an area subjected to several metamorphic events can be accomplished only by undertaking a thorough tectono-metamorphic study, accompanied by detailed chemical analysis of the amphiboles.     

松辽盆地北部深层砂岩成岩作用与孔隙演化

松辽盆地北部深层砂岩成岩作用强,原生孔隙保存差。深层砂岩只有出现大量的次生孔隙,才能具有较好的储集性能。本文通过偏光显微镜、扫描电镜和显微热台等分析方法,研究了松辽盆地深层砂岩岩石类型,成岩作用特征和各成岩阶段砂岩孔隙的演化,表明胶结作用是影响深层砂岩储层物性变差的主要原因,浊沸石胶结物的溶解是深部砂岩储集性能得以改善的主要原因。     

喀斯特山区溪流上覆水—孔隙水—沉积物中不同形态氮的赋存特征及其迁移——以麦西河为例

选取贵州百花湖入湖支流麦西河为对象,研究了上覆水—孔隙水—沉积物体系氮的形态差异,结果表明:麦西河上覆水中,以硝态氮(NO-3-N)为主,氨态氮(NH+4-N)次之,亚硝态氮(NO-2-N)最低;孔隙水中,溶解无机氮中以NH+4-N为主, NO-3-N次之, NO-2-N最低;沉积物中,总氮(TN)的含量为1110.67～4413.16mg/kg;固定态铵含量为34.56～170.05mg/kg,占TN的1.47%～6.25%;可交换态氮以NH+4-N为主, NO-3-N次之, NO-2-N最低。孔隙水NH+4-N是上覆水NH+4-N的2.65～19.51倍,上覆水NO-3-N是孔隙水NO-3-N的7.14～20.43倍。沉积物TN与孔隙溶解水无机氮(DIN)、孔隙水NH+4-N、沉积物可交换态氮和沉积物可交换性NH+4-N呈显著正相关;在沉积物中,可交换性NO-3-N与可交换性NH+4-N及可交换态氮呈显著正相关,可交换性NH+4-N与可交换态氮呈极显著正相关;孔隙水溶解无机氮与孔隙水NH+4-N呈极显著正相关。麦西河不同介质中氮的迁移关系则表现为:由于浓度梯度,上覆水中的NO-3-N扩散到孔隙水中,进而累积到沉积物中;沉积物的可交换性NH+4-N,进入孔隙水,最终扩散到上覆水中。      

13X沸石分子筛的比表面积和孔分布

对利用钾长石粉水热合成的13X沸石分子筛分别进行了比表面积和孔分布测定。结果表明:13X沸石分子筛比表面积约为621.50~747.40 m²/g,总孔体积约为0.344 70~0.393 70 cm³/g;具有高比例且孔径小于2.50 nm的微孔,中-小型实验样品(SXZ-10g和SXZ-1kg)的微孔体积比例相近,为81.33%~84.70%,而扩大实验样品(SXZ-10kg)的微孔体积比例为67.90%~67.98%。13X沸石分子筛微孔的含量是决定13X沸石分子筛具有高比表面积和高效吸附性能的前提。     

Numerical analysis of frost effects in porous media. Benefits and limits of the finite element poroelasticity formulation

The aim of this paper is to analyse the performance of a finite element formulation usable for predicting the mechanical consequences of frost effects on porous media. It considers the characteristics of porous media and how the frost action can be assessed. The problem is then separated into two parts: thermal and poromechanical calculations. The constitutive equations developed in the framework of poromechanics are presented and the implementation in a usual finite element poroelasticity formulation based on Zuber's method is adopted. An analysis of the time‐step influence on the convergence rate is given and leads us to propose a simple method in order to obtain objectivity of the finite element response and avoid over‐long calculations. Frost effect simulations are carried out on real porous media (two fired clays) as a case study. Although the experimental behaviour of the porous media subjected to frost action is in accordance with some observations, the calculated strains appear to be overestimated compared with measurements. The problem could be largely attributable to the difficulty of assessing permeability evolution during frost development. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于超熵理论的泥石流危险性模糊综合评判

泥石流灾害往往造成巨大经济损失,但由于其影响因素众多,如何合理进行危险性评判一直是研究的焦点问题.本文以研究项目为依托,选择泥石流流域沟谷的纵剖面形态指数作为流域的地貌特征指标,用超熵理论量化泥石流流域地貌系统的稳定性与演化趋势,并借助于模糊综合评判手段,对泥石流危险性进行评价.评判结果表明:该方法的评价结果与实际较为接近,为泥石流流域系统的演化趋势预测以及危险性等级划分提供了良好的分析方法.     

孔隙裂隙双重介质的三维逾渗数值模拟研究

基于三维孔隙介质的逾渗模型,首次把裂隙这一重要的渗透通道引入到三维逾渗研究中,提出了孔隙裂隙三维逾渗的研究方法,并建立了孔隙裂隙双重介质三维逾渗模型,这一模型的建立使得逾渗理论的研究成果可以被应用到更多的领域中,如煤体、岩体等。基于VC++6.0开发了孔隙裂隙双重介质三维逾渗模拟软件,模拟研究了双重介质的逾渗规律,模拟研究表明：裂隙的存在在很大程度上提高了介质的逾渗概率,使孔隙裂隙双重介质的逾渗规律明显不同于孔隙介质;随孔隙率、裂隙分形维数、裂隙数量分布初值由小到大逐渐增长,必然发生逾渗转变的自然现象。