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101.
按照单项组分、综合评价法,对邵庄-双庙水源地第四系孔隙水和寒武-奥陶系岩溶水环境质量现状进行了评价。第四系孔隙水,总体上,以京杭运河为界,运河以西水质较差,运河以东地区、邵庄、双庙水源地所在地段水质较好;蜀山背斜岩溶水系统内大多地段岩溶水水质较好,邵庄水源地岩溶水水质良好,其它地段及双庙地垒岩溶水系统岩溶地下水质量普遍较差。  相似文献   
102.
编制完全耦合的三维排水有效应力动力反应分析程序,对可液化地基进行三维地震响应分析,探讨了不同土性参数、不同土层构成和不同附加压重等因素对可液化地基抗液化性能的影响。结果表明:在地震荷载作用下,天然饱和砂土地基中的超孔隙水压力随深度的增大而增大;在不同深度处,超孔压峰值到达的时刻比地震加速度峰值到达的时刻要晚;随输入地震加速度的减弱,深层处的超孔压开始消散或基本保持不变,浅层处的超孔压保持不变或略有上升,这一现象与土性参数、输入地震荷载的情况等因素有关;土性参数对土体本身的抗液化性能有重要影响,初始孔隙比越小,相对密度越大,土体的抗液化能力越强;附加压重有利于地基抗液化能力的提高;随着附加压重的增大,超孔压比减小;附加压重对地基中超孔隙水压力的增长有明显的抑制作用。  相似文献   
103.
通过研究砂岩储层成岩作用对孔隙结构的影响,证实了引起砂岩储层中的低孔、低渗,已为成岩作用的关键因素。早期强烈的机械压实和胶结作用造成砂岩储层原生孔隙不发育,孔喉配位数以0为主,少量可发育1条~2条喉道,孔隙度损失38%~25%。随后的千枚岩岩屑及其它碎屑矿物的溶蚀和蚀变作用,形成了粒间溶孔、粒内微孔、粒内蜂窝状溶孔以及高岭石晶间隙等,此类孔隙半径一般在8μm~20μm,喉道半径在5μm~10μm,平均孔喉比在2~5左右。但其具有数量多,规模大的特点,一般占总孔隙度的70%以上,对各层段砂岩储层储集性能有一定的改善。保留下来的主要是砂岩储层储集空间类型,有极少量的原生粒间孔主要分布在下石盒子组。  相似文献   
104.
根据测井、录井资料,对陆西地区所有井的侏罗系西山窑组顶界不整合面上、下的岩性组合做了统计,并从中总结出7种具有代表性的不整合结构,对组成不整合结构的底砾岩、水解带、淋滤带的岩性特征、测井响应、孔渗特征做了系统的分析.通过研究7种不整合结构与油气的运聚关系认为,第Ⅰ种和第Ⅴ种不整合结构最易聚集成藏,第Ⅱ和Ⅲ种不整合结构较易聚集成藏,第Ⅳ种不整合结构也可以聚集成藏,第Ⅵ种和第Ⅶ种不整合结构不易成藏.最后指出,石南油田和石西油田之间未勘探区块是油气聚集的最有利地带.  相似文献   
105.
冲击荷载作用下饱和软粘土孔压增长与消散规律   总被引:17,自引:3,他引:14  
通过大量室内试验,研究饱和软粘土在冲击荷载作用下的变形和孔压增长规律,讨论孔压增长的内在机理和不同围压、不同冲击能作用下孔压量的变化。讨论土体的再团结变形规律,提出再固结体积压缩系数的确定方法。最后分析冲击荷载作用后的强度变化。这些讨论为动静结合法处理软基提供了依据。  相似文献   
106.
The identification of runoff contributing areas would provide the ideal focal points for water quality monitoring and Best Management Practice (BMP) implementation. The objective of this study was to use a field‐scale approach to delineate critical runoff source areas and to determine the runoff mechanisms in a pasture hillslope of the Ozark Highlands in the USA. Three adjacent hillslope plots located at the Savoy Experimental Watershed, north‐west Arkansas, were bermed to isolate runoff. Each plot was equipped with paired subsurface saturation and surface runoff sensors, shallow groundwater wells, H‐flumes and rain gauges to quantify runoff mechanisms and rainfall characteristics at continuous 5‐minute intervals. The spatial extent of runoff source areas was determined by incorporating sensor data into a geographic information‐based system and performing geostatistical computations (inverse distance weighting method). Results indicate that both infiltration excess runoff and saturation excess runoff mechanisms occur to varying extents (0–58% for infiltration excess and 0–26% for saturation excess) across the plots. Rainfall events that occurred 1–5 January 2005 are used to illustrate the spatial and temporal dynamics of the critical runoff source areas. The methodology presented can serve as a framework upon which critical runoff source areas can be identified and managed for water quality protection in other watersheds. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
107.
Streambank erosion is often the dominant source of sediment leaving modified watersheds. Mass failure of high, steep banks is one of the most serious forms of streambank erosion. The risk of a given bank experiencing mass failure is a function of bank height, angle, and soil strength, which is governed by soil moisture. Two methods for bank dewatering were tested in adjacent sections of streambank bordering a deeply incised channel in northern Mississippi: a low‐cost pump system and subsurface horizontal drains. Pore water pressures (both positive and negative pressures, or matric suction) were continuously monitored for 2 years at the pumped site, at an adjacent untreated control section, and for 1 year at the site stabilized with horizontal drains. Resulting data were used to calculate a time series of the factor of safety using a computer model. Over the course of two wet seasons, average bank retreats for the control and pumped plots were 0·43 and 0·21 m, respectively. More limited monitoring revealed that the site with passive drains retreated about 0·23 m. At the pumped site pore water pressure was 3–4 kPa lower than at the control site during the most critical periods. Accordingly, computed factors of safety were above the failure threshold at the pumped site, but fell below unity at the control site on 11 occasions over the period of observation. Similarly, the drained site displayed generally lower pore water pressure and higher safety factors except for two events when drains were evidently overwhelmed with the volume of local surface and subsurface flows. These results suggest, but do not prove, that bank dewatering promoted lower rates of bank retreat and higher levels of stability since the three sites had slight differences in soils, geometry and boundary conditions. Initial cost of the dewatering treatments were significantly less than orthodox bank stabilization measures, but operation and maintenance requirements may be greater. Published in 2009 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
108.
The residual mechanism of wave‐induced pore water pressure accumulation in marine sediments is re‐examined. An analytical approximation is derived using a linear relation for pore pressure generation in cyclic loading, and mistakes in previous solutions (Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech. 2001; 25 :885–907; J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng. (ASME) 1989; 111 (1):1–11) are corrected. A numerical scheme is then employed to solve the case with a non‐linear relation for pore pressure generation. Both analytical and numerical solutions are verified with experimental data (Laboratory and field investigation of wave– sediment interaction. Joseph H. Defrees Hydraulics Laboratory, School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 1983), and provide a better prediction of pore pressure accumulation than the previous solution (J. Offshore Mech. Arctic Eng. (ASME) 1989; 111 (1):1–11). The parametric study concludes that the pore pressure accumulation and use of full non‐linear relation of pore pressure become more important under the following conditions: (1) large wave amplitude, (2) longer wave period, (3) shallow water, (4) shallow soil and (5) softer soils with a low consolidation coefficient. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   
109.
110.
The absolute visual magnitudes of 457 Be stars are determined from Hipparcos parallaxes, subsequently the mean absolute visual magnitudes of Be stars for luminosity classes III, IV and V are obtained. The new Mv calibration is compared with existing calibrations. It is found that Be stars are generally brighter than B stars of the corresponding spectral types, and that there is no direct correlation between absolute magnitudes and the stellar rotational velocity, these results are in agreement with some earlier results. A new and interesting result is that there is no direct correlation between near infrared excess and absolute visual magnitudes for Be stars. Moreover, possible biases, such as the Malmquist bias and the Lutz–Kelker bias, are also discussed.  相似文献   
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