Transport rate of calcareous sand in unidirectional flow

This paper examines the transport of calcareous sand in unidirectional flow and its prediction through existing sediment transport models. A flume experiment of four sand samples collected on Oahu, Hawaii, provides 29 sets of sediment transport data in the bed-form and suspended transport stages. The measured transport data are compared with direct predictions from four energy-based transport models developed for siliceous particles. Corrections for the grain-size, fall velocity, and critical velocity of calcareous sand based on recent research are applied to the models and the results are compared with the direct calculations and measured data. The comparison illustrates the important role particle shape plays in the transport of calcareous sand. All four sediment transport models give consistent predictions and good agreement with the majority of the measured data. Two of the models respond positively to the corrections in both the bed-form and suspended transport stages indicating that such an approach may provide an interim solution for the transport of calcareous sand.     

边坡开挖破坏过程的离心模型试验研究

边坡开挖是工程中经常遇到的问题。在清华大学土工离心机上,开发了一种离心机运转过程中的边坡开挖模拟技术。进行了土坡开挖的离心模型试验,测量了开挖过程中边坡的位移场变化。结果表明,边坡的破坏过程是从坡体下部开始的剪切带逐渐向上发展贯通的过程,并经历了滑裂面贯通前的平缓变形和贯通后变形迅速增大两个阶段。坡顶裂缝最初均是由受拉引起的,但随着剪切带的不断向上发展,裂缝的扩展是由拉伸和剪切两种作用综合引起的。     

古河道沉积体系与赋铀性

本文地各类河流沉积特点的研究,结合铀的地球化学行为,探讨河流沉积体系的赋铀性。     

用激电时间谱视参数评价激电异常的应用效果

在四个已知区利用时谱激电法,反演求取Cole-Cole模型视参数,综合考虑η_s、τ_ss     

Statistical analysis and long-term prediction of seismicity for linear zones

The model of the Poisson point process is too vague for earthquake locations in space and time: earthquakes tend to cluster in middle distances and to repulse in large ones. The Poisson point model with variable density makes it possible to describe the tendency for clustering but does not reveal the periodicity of clusters. The author proposes the point-process model where locations of points are determined not by densities of point distribution, but by densities of interpoint differences distribution. In the model, a latent periodicity is revealed and used for prediction of a point process. In 1983, the point-process model prediction was made for the Kuril Islands for 1983–1987 and two signs of danger in time and location were determined. Then they were confirmed by strong earth-quakes. In 1989, a similar prediction was made for North Armenia. The Spitak earthquake in 1988 is clearly seen from the data of previous earthquakes.     

水气两相流系统K-S-P模型参数反演的最优估计

应用渗流力学和参数反演辨识最优化理论,建立了水气两相流控制方程,给出了控制两相流系统K-S-P模型参数之间的本构关系,并对其中的相关参数进行数值反演辨识,得出待求参数的最优估计值。对不同质地土壤的实验测试值进行对比分析,其结果吻合较好,验证了模型的适定性和可靠性,解决了实验数据处理以及结果对初值的敏感性问题,并且该数值方法可通过多组初值参数进行数值实验,结合实验结果来满足实际工程的需求。这不仅对非饱和带内污染物传输、气藏工程试井计算、填埋气体的释放以及挥发性有机污染物的去污分析中两相流数值计算提供基础,而且对K-S-P本构关系之间参数的确定提供了可靠的理论依据。     

Research on temporal and spatial distribution, evolutionary character and mechanism of crustal deformation field before and after the Tangshan earthquake

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乌干达Albert湖凹陷北部沉积特征及油气成藏模式

乌干达Albert湖凹陷是世界上最年轻的生烃凹陷,受构造和沉积控制,油气多分布于北部构造调节带。为分析Albert湖北部构造调节带内部油气成藏特征,笔者利用地震、钻井、测井和孢粉等资料,开展北部构造调节带沉积特征研究,进而分析北部构造调节带的油气成藏模式。研究表明,由于边界正断层持续活动,北部构造调节带两侧沉积特征存在差异,研究区西部发育曲流河-三角洲沉积体系;东部发育冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系。由于北部构造调节带西部三角洲砂体向南推进至湖盆中心,与深湖相烃源岩直接沟通,成为Albert湖盆最有利的油气汇聚区。     

Analysis of earthquake ground motions using an improved Hilbert–Huang transform

Some limitations of the Hilbert–Huang transform (HHT) for nonlinear and nonstationary signal processing are remarked. As an enhancement to the HHT, a time varying vector autoregressive moving average (VARMA) model based method is proposed to calculate the instantaneous frequencies of the intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) obtained from the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) of a signal. By representing the IMFs as time varying VARMA model and using the Kalman filter to estimate the time varying model parameters, the instantaneous frequencies are calculated according to the time varying parameters, then the instantaneous frequencies and the envelopes derived from the cubic spline interpolation of the maxima of IMFs are used to yield the Hilbert spectrum. The analysis of the length of day dataset and the ground motion record El Centro (1940, N–S) shows that the proposed method offers advantages in frequency resolution, and produces more physically meaningful and readable Hilbert spectrum than the original HHT method, short-time Fourier transform (STFT) and wavelet transform (WT). The analysis of the seismic response of a building during the 1994 Northridge earthquake shows that the proposed method is a powerful tool for structural damage detection, which is expected as the promising area for future research.