上扬子地区双河露头五峰组—龙马溪组下段化学层序地层分析

综合地球化学、高分辨层序地层学理论方法,利用双河露头资料及样品分析测试,采用多元统计方法优选出陆源输入强度相关元素组合Al-K-Ti-Mg-Rb-Cr-Zr、自生沉淀强度相关元素组合Ca-Mn-Ba-Co、有机质吸附及还原强度相关元素组合V-Ni-M0-U-Cu-Zn作为化学层序地层划分指标体系,将双河露头五峰组划分为...     

1月北大西洋东部-乌拉尔山阻塞高压频次年际尺度偶极子模态特征

基于观测和再分析资料,本文研究了近几十年来1月北大西洋东部-乌拉尔山阻塞高压频次年际变异主导模态特征及与其相联的大气背景场。结果表明,1980—2019年冬季(12月—次年2月)该地区阻塞高压频次年际变异的主导模态存在明显月际差异:12月表现为北大西洋东部-欧洲西部地区阻塞高压频次的显著同位相变化,1月为北大西洋东部-欧洲西部与乌拉尔山地区阻塞高压频次的具有显著的反位相变化即偶极子模态,2月则为北大西洋东部-乌拉尔山阻塞高压频次的显著同位相变化。进一步研究表明:1月北大西洋东部-乌拉尔山阻塞高压频次偶极子模态与同期局地纬向西风、纬向风垂直切变、经向位涡梯度等大气背景场异常偶极型变化相联系。当乌拉尔山地区关键大气背景场为负异常,而北大西洋东部-欧洲西部为正异常时,两个地区阻塞高压频次分别增加和减少,呈现偶极子模态;反之亦然。阻塞高压频次偶极子模态及相关的背景环流异常可通过调节水平温度平流、垂直运动和水汽输送等来影响1月欧亚北部气温和降水,以及它们的极端事件频次。当阻塞高压频次偶极子模态处于正位相时,乌拉尔山北部(南部)和欧洲南部增温(降温),极端暖、冷事件频次分别增加(减少)和减少(增加...     

2012年1月、2016年1月东亚两次极端严寒事件及其与北极增暖的可能联系

自20世纪80年代后期以来,我国频繁出现暖冬,直到2004年以后这种状况出现明显的变化,冷冬出现的频次明显增多了。在全球增暖、北极海冰减少明显的背景下,冬季极端严寒的强度非但没有减弱反而似乎还在增强,造成灾害性的影响也越发引人关注。在上述背景下,2012年1月、2016年1月在东亚发生了两次极端严寒事件。本文的目的就是通过合成和相关分析,研究这两次极端严寒事件演变的主要特征,及其与北极增暖的可能联系。这两次极端严寒事件的环流演变截然不同。对于2012年1月的极端严寒事件,海平面气压异常主要呈现由东向西传播,在演变过程中,阿留申区域海平面气压超前西伯利亚高压,因此大气环流的下游效应起主要作用。对于2016年1月的极端严寒事件,冷空气主要由西北向东南传播。两次极端事件的主要降温区域的移动路径截然不同。2012年1月冷空气爆发以后主要在亚洲大陆中、高纬度维持并向西传播,其南传影响亚洲低纬度区域明显弱于2016年的冷事件。而2016年1月的主要降温区以沿东亚向南移动为主,强降温区直接南下至热带区域。两次极端严寒事件爆发前期大气环流演变的共同点:中、高纬度区域环流能量交换活跃,表现为中纬度高度脊加强北伸,从而把较低纬度的暖空气输送至北极区域,高纬度区域对流层中层呈现多极结构。这种多极空间结构是亚洲冷空气向南爆发的重要前兆信号。冬季北极阶段性增暖过程首先是中纬度高度脊加强北伸的结果。对影响东亚的极端严寒过程,乌拉尔附近区域的高压脊以及位于北美西部的高压脊加强北上、协同演变是至关重要的。2016年1月东亚极端严寒过程与2015年12月末北极快速增暖没有必然联系。     

深水源—汇系统对多尺度气候变化的过程响应与反馈机制

源—汇系统对多尺度气候变化的响应与反馈是当前深水沉积学研究的前缘和新动向.通过梳理外陆架—深水盆地沉积物搬运分散系统(深水源—汇系统)对从构造尺度到人类尺度气候变化的过程响应,揭示了两种(迟滞和瞬态)深水源—汇系统的过程响应与反馈机制.迟滞响应深水源—汇系统的过渡区较宽、响应尺度较大(Teq≥104年),有利形成条件为...     

济阳坳陷博兴洼陷西部沙三段层序地层

选取以基准面为参照面的高分辨率层序地层学的理论与分析技术,对博兴洼陷西部沙三段开展层序地层分析工作。在博兴洼陷沙三段识别出5个层序界面和4个较大规模的洪泛面,由此将研究层段划分为4个长期基准面旋回(相当于3级层序),并通过长期旋回内部次级转换面的识别,细分出8个中期旋回(大致相当于4级层序)。通过对比建立了研究区的高分辨率层序地层格架,并分析了各层序的地层发育特征。以层序格架为基础,探讨了研究区各层序的沉积演化特征,建立了辫状三角洲—浊积扇层序发育模式,认为研究区辫状三角洲和浊积扇均具有加积作用特点;斜坡区为辫状三角洲发育区,而洼陷区为浊积扇发育区;中期基准面旋回下降期辫状三角洲发育,上升期浊积扇发育;浊积扇体的发育规模与湖泛规模相关。综合分析认为,浊积扇是形成岩性圈闭的主要储集砂体类型,其发育的有利层位是MSC8、MSC7、MSC6、MSC5旋回的上升半旋回,岩性圈闭发育的有利区是博兴南部斜坡坡折带之下的洼陷区。     

理县黄土地层与环境记录

理县黄土堆积厚度为7.30 m,可分为S0、S1古土壤层和L1黄土层。光释光结果显示,理县黄土沉积始于末次间冰期,约130 kaBP。磁化率、粒度、碳酸盐含量等经典气候替代指标分析表明,它们可以反映青藏高原东部气候环境变迁。环境记录显示,末次冰期间冰阶(即氧同位素3阶段)期间该区呈现出极端冷湿的气候环境。理县地区气候演化更接近于印度季风强度记录的变化,而与格陵兰冰心和深海氧同位素记录相似性稍差。     

中国震积岩研究综述

震积岩是具有特殊震积构造和震积序列的一种灾变性事件岩。近十几年来国内外许多学者在研究、对比现代和古代震积岩成因沉积物后,逐渐认识到震积岩不同于其他类型的沉积岩,震积岩的主要识别标志有震裂缝、地裂缝、断裂递变层、微同沉积断裂、层内褶皱、假结核、液化砂(泥)岩脉、火焰构造及振动液化卷曲变形构造等。对中国震积岩和震积作用、地震——海啸序列、碳酸盐岩振动液化序列与萨布哈震积岩序列、震积岩与震积不整合序列、大陆边缘震积岩序列、陆相断陷湖盆震积岩及垂向序列等研究成果进行了综述。通过岩心观察和描述开展陆相震积岩研究具有重要的地质意义,特别是生油断陷湖盆震积岩的研究具有重要的石油地质意义。     

Lithofacies and stratigraphy of the Ordovician Guniutan Formation in its type area,China

The Lower to Middle Ordovician Guniutan (Kuniutan) Formation in the eastern Yangtze Gorges, China has been demonstrated to be similar to the ‘Orthoceratite Limestone’ in Baltoscandia with respect to facies, stratigraphic development and conodont biostratigraphy. Thus the ‘Orthoceratite Limestone’ appears to be a much more widely distributed and characteristically Ordovician facies than has hitherto been assumed. Five lithostratigraphic subdivisions of the Guniutan Formation are here defined in ascending order as the Nanya, Puxi, Wuguixi, Daping and Niangjiafang members. It is shown that these members, which represent considerable spans of time as indicated by their conodont stratigraphy, may be fairly thin but nevertheless regionally extensive. A new conodont zone, with Eoplacognathus crassus as the zonal fossil, is established to accommodate the precise dating of the Wuguixi and Puxi members. Microfacies data from the Guniutan Formation, available for the first time, show that its dominant component particles are sand-sized echinoderm and arthropod debris, as in the Baltoscandian ‘Orthoceratite Limestone’.     

Plio-Pleistocene sedimentation in coastal grabens,north-east Rhodes,Greece

The stratigraphy of marine Plio-Pleistocene sediments from northeast Rhodes (Dodecanese islands, Greece) is revised in the light of facies mapping and the recognition of three major transgression–regression cycles. Before late Pliocene submergence, metamorphosed Mesozoic limestones formed a high-relief karstic landscape. During subsequent transgressions, subsiding basins with spectacular cliffed and bioeroded margins were infilled by a mosaic of carbonate-dominated sediments, sourced by high rates of carbonate productivity on narrow shelves rimming the basins and their drowning islands. Periods of relative sea-level fall superimposed a complex series of ‘fossil’ coastal geomorphological features such as cliffs, abrasion platforms, surf caves, notches, boulder beaches and palaeokarsts. These created the rugged present day topography of the island's northeast coast. Three main lithostratigraphic units, the Kritika, Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, are defined. The Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations are subdivided into mappable facies groups rather than members, as the lithofacies are strongly diachronous. The Kritika and Rhodes Formations were each subaerially exposed and partly eroded before re-transgression. Although there is a general pattern of lithological succession, details vary across the study area and some facies groups are restricted in development, indicating differences in tectonic behaviour and palaeo-geomorphology between neighbouring basins. A preliminary process-response model is presented for the sedimentation history of the Rhodes and Lindos Acropolis Formations, using sedimentological, palaeontological, palaeoecological and ichnological data.     

The quaternary glacial history of the Lahul Himalaya,northern India

This paper presents the first glacial chronology for the Lahul Himalaya, Northern India. The oldest glaciation, the Chandra Glacial Stage, is represented by glacially eroded benches at altitudes greater than 4300 m above sea-level. This glaciation was probably of a broad valley type. The second glaciation, the Batal Glacial Stage, is represented by highly weathered and dissected lateral moraines, which are present along the Chandra valley and some of its tributaries. This was an extensive valley glaciation. The third major glaciation, the Kulti Glacial Stage, is represented by well-preserved moraines in the main tributary valleys of the Chandra valley. This represents a less extensive valley glaciation. Two minor glacial advances, the Sonapani I and II, are represented by small sharp-crested moraines, which are within a few hundred metres or few kilometres of the present-day glaciers. The change in style and extent of glaciation is attributed to an increase in aridity throughout the Quaternary, due either to global climatic change or uplift of the Pir Panjal mountains to the south of Lahul, which restricted the northward penetration of the south Asian summer monsoon. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.