工程地质力学综合集成理论及其在五强溪水电站船闸边坡上的应用

为了使工程地质学在工程建设和防灾减灾方面发挥更大的作用，作者主张在工程地质力学和系统科学指导下发展工程地质力学综合集成（EGMS）。本文主要论述了EGMS形成的基础、相应的方法和技术以及综合集成中的4个关键问题（包括应变体系、优先监测和加固突破口的设计方法，综合地质信息分析系统、时空综合分析方法等）。另外，还扼要地讨论了如何将EGMS用于五强溪水电站船闸边坡的问题。     

The phytoplankton of some saline lakes in Central Asia

The Aral Sea, Lake Balkhash, and Lake Kamyslybas are closed lakes in Central Asia. They range from oligosaline to metasaline. The salinity of the Aral Sea has increased by more than 30 g L⁻¹ since widespread irrigation began in its catchment area. Few studies of the phytoplankton have been conducted on these lakes since extensive irrigation started. The investigation reported here compares the flora of phytoplankton in these saline lakes. In the Small Aral Sea, phytoplankton density gradually decreased with increasing electrical conductivity (EC) (∼ salinity), but there was no such relation in Lake Balkhash and Lake Kamyslybas. In the Aral Sea, Dinophyceae and Bacillariophyceae were frequently observed in most areas of high EC value, and Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous in the area of medium and lower EC values. In Lake Balkhash, Cyanophyceae were most conspicuous, but Chlorophyceae were also noticeable. Most Cyanophyceae in Aral Sea formed filaments with heterocysts. The distinct characteristic of the phytoplankton of the Lake Balkhash was that all dominant species form colonies covered with a gelatinous film. Siliceousplankton diversity gradually decreased with increasing EC values in the Aral Sea and Lake Balkhash.     

柴达木盆地水资源环境及生态效应地球卫星遥感监测研究定位站

柴达木盆地水资源环境及生态效应地球卫星遥感监测研究定位站胡东生（中国科学院青海盐湖研究所，西宁，８１０００８）关键词水资源环境生态效应，地球卫星遥感监测，定位研究站，柴达木盆地，青藏高原１．立现依据和研究意义柴达木盆地处于青藏高原的东北部，四周群山环...     

滇、川、黔成矿区的铅锌矿源层（岩）

滇、川、黔铅锌成矿区的矿源层（岩）及其成矿作用，具多矿源层（岩）、多容矿层和多遮挡层共存的特点。矿源层（岩）改造成矿分海西晚期改造生成贫铅锌矿床和燕山期改造生成铅锌富矿床两个旋回，改造成矿的３个主因是：多条继承、发展了基底构造的深一道断层系统，峨眉山玄武岩浆上涌产生的高热能、喷气、矿质和广泛、多中心循环的热卤水，铅锌矿床为沉积─改造─后成成矿。     

吐哈盆地及二连盆地侏罗系煤微类脂组分的共聚焦激光扫描显微镜（CLSM）研究及油气意义

吐哈盆地产出有比较丰富的侏罗系煤成油气田，本文用共聚焦激光扫描显微镜和热解分析等手段研究了煤中类脂组及微类脂组的类型、含量、分布与煤成烃性能和产出的关系。观察分析结果表明：在一般煤岩组分观测中主要含煤的西山窑组和八道湾组煤层类脂组含量很少超过１０％，但是一些煤样的热解分析中Ｓ＿１可高达５－２３ｍｇ／ｇ，Ｓ＿２可达１５０─２００ｍｇ／ｇ，ＨＩ（烃／有机碳）可高达１５０─３５０ｍｇ／ｇ生烃、含烃性能较好。进一步用共聚焦激光显微镜观测结果表明：本区一些薄层状、条带状煤层的基质镜质体和叶结构镜质体中微类脂组含量比较丰富，微区定量统计含量在３％─１８％左右。这种富含微类脂组的基质镜质体和结构镜质体在煤成油气中有重要意义，而且由于多数微类脂体在煤中常成点线状、似层状、充填状、网络状分布，可能有利于煤成油气的运移和聚集。     

JRC修正直边法的数学表达

JRC是反映爬坡角力学效应的岩体结构面表面形态等效描述指标。本文在爬坡角力学效应机理研究基础上, 阐述了JRC直边法的物理意义；通过岩体结构面表面起伏幅度与金属表面粗糙度幅度对比分析, 肯定了直边法的合理性；考虑JRC的尺寸效应, 推导JRC修正直边法的数学表达式, 编译计算机常用程序。最后, 实例检验了JRC修正直边法数学表达式的合理性和可用性。     

地壳流体与地幔流体间的关系

通过铀、金矿床及地幔岩捕虏体研究，初步得出以下认识：（１）在热液作用中岩浆分异热液是不存在的；（２）碱交代作用是整个地幔交代作用和地壳交代作用的基本运作机制，现已构成有几十条具体规律的理论系统；碱交代岩是地幔流体转变为热液的化石记录；（３）拆离断层构造体系是地幔流体上升到地壳后的活动通道；（４）磷（Ｐ）是地幔流体的特征性示踪成分；（５）大洋缺氧事件、生物种属灭绝、厄尔尼诺等有共同的地幔流体致因；（６）天然气－油－盐－金属成矿是统一的热液成矿作用。软流体是今后区域成矿预测的重要新依据。软流体的顶部发育有次级、再次级的局部上凸部，这是矿带、矿田群的重要成矿控制因素和找矿新标志。     

山西奇村地热田的勘察与研究

通过近期对山西省忻州市奇村地热田进行的实地物化探勘察发现：地下热水的分布范围内视电阻率普遍偏低，且水温愈高，视电阻率愈低，在α 卡异常处均有地下热水存在。该地热田的热水分布区内的隔水层和盖层为亚粘土，粘土层。基地下热水的水化学类型为氯化物硫酸钠型及氯化钠型，热田热水赋存和滞留于浅层次生热储内。     

The Uplift of the Longmenshan Thrust Belt and Subsidence of the West Sichuan Foreland Basin

Based on fission track dating of apatite, and measurement of vitrinite reflectance of rock samples from the Longmenshan (Longmen Mountain)area and the West Sichuan foreland basin and computer modelling it is concluded that (l)the Songpan-Garze fold belt has uplifted at least by 3-4 km with an uplift rate of no less than 0.3-0.4 mm/a since 10 Ma B.P.; (2) the Longmenshan thrust nappe belt has uplifted at least by 5-6 km with an uplift rate of more than 0.5- 0.6 mm /a since 10 Ma B.P.; (3) the Longmenshan detachment belt has uplifted by 1 - 2 km at a rate of 0.016-0.032 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (4) the West Sichuan foreland basin has uplifted by 1.7-3 km at a rate of 0.028-0.05 mm/a since 60 Ma B.P.; (5) the uplift rate of the area on the west side of the Beichuan-Yingxiu-Xiaoguanzi fault for the last 10 Ma is 40 times as much as that on its east side; (6) the uplifting of the the Songpan - Garze fold belt and the subsidence of the West Sichuan foreland basin 60 Ma ago exhibit a mirro-image correlation, i.e     

涂钨热解石墨管－石墨炉原子吸收法测定天然水中痕量钡

选择涂钨热解石墨管测钡，克服了钡的碳化物形成而提高了方法的灵敏度，采用钙做基体补偿不仅克服钙对测钡的影响，同时也对测钡起增敏作用，结合其它测定条件的优化实现了石墨炉原子吸收法测定天然水中的痕量钡。其线性范围在０～７０μｇ／Ｌ检出限３．３ｐｇ，特征质量为２．９ｐｇ／１％吸收，对５μｇ／ＬＢａ试液测定１１次，其ＲＳＤ为６．９％，加标回收率８９％～１２０％。方法经标样分析验证，结果与标准值相符。