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21.
FUZZY COMPREHENSIVE EVALUATION OF CONTAINER TRANSPORTATION MODES ALONG THE CHANGJIANG RIVER MAIN LINE AND ITS DELTA AREA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ZHANGShi-yu XIAOHan-liang 《中国地理科学(英文版)》2003,13(3):259-261
The Changjiang River (Yangtze) is one of the fastest growth areas of container transportation in Chi-na. Rail, road and water transportation have competed against each other for container transportation in the Chang-jiang River main line and its delta area. It is of significance to assess these different transportation modes scientifi-cally in order to organize container transportation efficiently in this area and make decision for integral plan and construction of transportation system in this area. This paper outlines application of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to appraise different modes of typical direction of containers. Twelve assessment indexes were decided. Membership functions were formulated. Evaluation results indicated that road transportation was optimal mode in the Changjiang River delta area, however water transportation was the primary way in the Changjiang River main line. 相似文献
22.
长江三峡工程地壳形变监测网络 总被引:19,自引:10,他引:9
长江三峡工程地壳形变监测网络,采用了当今高精度GPS、INSAR空间大地测量技术,并与精密水准测量,精密重力测量,精密激光测距和峒体连续形变监测等技术相结合,构成一个空间上点、线、面结合,时间上长、中、短兼顾的高精度,高时空分辨率的地壳形变监测网络。该网络既可获取三峡库区特别是库首区区域形变场和区域应变场的动态变化,监测库区主要断层活动,为水库诱发地震预测及研究服务,又可用于气象、滑坡地质灾害监测等,该监测网络于1997年底开始建设,2001年6月建成,到目前为止,已获得大量宝贵的观测资料,必将产生显著的经济效益和社会效益。 相似文献
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以首都圈地区现今活动断层上近20年的位移测量资料为依据,用二维线弹性有限元对该区断层的活动特征进行了拟合,并结合有关资料讨论了该区的地震危险性。结果表明:1977-1986年间该区主压应力优势方位与华北较一致,约为N45°-80°E;1986-1990年其主压应力方向向北偏转,约为N5°-60°E;1990年至现在其主压应力又向东偏转,角度大于第一阶段,约为N80°-95°E。该区的张家口-延庆一带近期有发生中强震的可能;丰镇-阳高-大同地区和凉城-古营盘地区应力较高,也应引起注意。 相似文献
25.
Univariate and multivariate stress release models are fitted to historical earthquake data from North China. It is shown that a better fit is obtained by treating separately the Eastern part of the region, including the North China Plain and Bohai Sea, and the Western part of the region, including the Ordos Plateau and its Eastern boundary. Further improvement is obtained by fitting the large events (M7.6) and smaller events in the Western region by different stress release models. The comparisons are made by computing the likelihoods of the fitted models and discounting the number of parameters used by Akaike's AIC criterion. The models are used to develop long-term risk scenarios for the East and West regions. 相似文献
26.
We study the morphology of the major rivers draining the Eastern Alps to test whether the active tectonics of this part of the orogen is reflected in the shape of channel profiles of the river network. In our approach we compare channel profiles measured from digital elevation models with numerically modelled channel profiles using a stream power approach. It is shown that regions of high stream power coincide largely with regions of highest topography and largest uplift rates, while the forelands and the Pannonian Basin are characterised by a significantly lower stream power. From stream power modelling we conclude that there is young uplift at the very east of the Eastern Alps, in the Bohemian Massif and in the Pohorje Range. The impact of the Pleistocene glaciations is explored by comparing properties of rivers that drain in proximal and distal positions relative to the ice sheet during the last glacial maximum. Our analysis shows that most knick points, wind gaps and other non-equilibrium features of catchments covered by ice during the last glaciations (Salzach, Enns) can be correlated with glacial processes. In contrast the ice free catchments of the Mur and Drava are characterized by channels in morphological equilibrium at the first approximation and are showing only weak evidence of the strong tectonic activity within these catchments. Finally, the channel profiles of the Adige and the divide between the upper Rhine and Danube catchments differ significantly from the other catchments. We relate this to the fact that the Adige and the Rhine respond to different base levels from the remainder of the Eastern Alps: The Adige may preserve a record from the Messininan base level change and the Rhine is subject to the base level lowering in the Rhine Graben. 相似文献
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28.
气相色谱法测定地下水中六六六结果的不确定度评定 总被引:7,自引:4,他引:3
依照《测量不确定度评定与表示》,对气相色谱法测定地下水中六六六(HCH)四种单体结果进行了不确定度评定。分析了测量过程中引入的不确定度来源,包括提取液体积的量取、样品提取溶液的定容体积、分析仪器的进样量、标准系列溶液的测量以及仪器重复测定等分量引入不确定度及其各参数的采集和计算方法,最后合成标准不确定度,通过乘以95%概率下的扩展因子2,获得测量结果的扩展不确定度。 相似文献
29.
30.
Spatial data for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment: An overview 总被引:30,自引:0,他引:30
The aim of this paper is to discuss a number of issues related to the use of spatial information for landslide susceptibility, hazard, and vulnerability assessment. The paper centers around the types of spatial data needed for each of these components, and the methods for obtaining them. A number of concepts are illustrated using an extensive spatial data set for the city of Tegucigalpa in Honduras. The paper intends to supplement the information given in the “Guidelines for Landslide Susceptibility, Hazard and Risk Zoning for Land Use Planning” by the Joint ISSMGE, ISRM and IAEG Technical Committee on Landslides and Engineered Slopes (JTC-1). The last few decades have shown a very fast development in the application of digital tools such as Geographic Information Systems, Digital Image Processing, Digital Photogrammetry and Global Positioning Systems. Landslide inventory databases are becoming available to more countries and several are now also available through the internet. A comprehensive landslide inventory is a must in order to be able to quantify both landslide hazard and risk. With respect to the environmental factors used in landslide hazard assessment, there is a tendency to utilize those data layers that are easily obtainable from Digital Elevation Models and satellite imagery, whereas less emphasis is on those data layers that require detailed field investigations. A review is given of the trends in collecting spatial information on environmental factors with a focus on Digital Elevation Models, geology and soils, geomorphology, land use and elements at risk. 相似文献