A new approach for high fidelity seismic data recovery by fractal interpolation

Recovering accurate data is important for both earthquake and exploration seismology studies, when data are sparsely sampled or partially missing. We present a method that allows for precise and accurate recovery of seismic data using a localized fractal recovery method. This method requires that the data are selfsimilar on local and global spatial scales. We present examples that show that the intrinsic structure associated with seismic data can be easily and accurately recovered by using this approach. This result, in turn, indicates that seismic data are indeed self-similar on local and global scales. This method is applicable not only for seismic studies, but also for any field studies that require accurate recovery of data from sparsely sampled datasets with partially missing data. Our ability to recover the missing data with high fidelity and accuracy will qualitatively improve the images of seismic tomography.     

Disturbance regimes at the interface of geomorphology and ecology

Geomorphological processes are an integral part of ecosystem functioning and ecosystem functioning affects geomorphological processes. Increasingly widespread acknowledgement of this simple idea is manifest in a vigorous research community engaged with questions that address the two‐way interaction between biota and geomorphology, at a range of scales and in a variety of terrestrial and aquatic environments. Geomorphological disturbances are a core element of biogeomorphological interest, and although the disciplines of geomorphology and ecology have each developed languages and theories that help to explore, model and understand disturbance events, little attempt has been made to draw together these approaches. Following a brief review of these issues, we introduce thirteen papers that investigate the interactions and feedbacks between geomorphological disturbance regimes and ecosystem functions. These papers reveal the singularity of wildfire impacts, the importance of landsliding for carbon budgeting and of vegetation accumulation for landsliding, the zoogeomorphic role of iconic and ‘Cinderella’ animals in fluvial geomorphology, biophysical interactions in aeolian, fluvial and torrential environments and the utility of living ecosystems as archives of geomorphic events. Most of these papers were first presented in a conference session at the European Geoscience Union General Assembly in 2010 and several others are from recent volumes of Earth Surface Processes and Landforms. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

腹板开槽冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢抗火性能有限元分析模型

位于冷弯薄壁型钢构件腹板的槽孔,可延长构件两边的热量传递路线,减弱冷弯薄壁钢构件作为墙板龙骨引起的冷桥效应。常温下冷弯薄壁构件的屈曲破坏模态已非常复杂,包括整体屈曲、局部屈曲和畸变屈曲等,且不同的屈曲破坏模态可能会相互影响。火灾下冷弯薄壁构件的破坏机理将更为复杂,根据常规的稳定理论难以求解其火灾下的临界荷载。本文利用有限元方法对火灾下腹板开槽冷弯薄壁卷边槽钢的受力性能进行了模拟,研究了单元类型、材料模型、初始几何缺陷以及求解方法等因素对分析结果的影响,为同类构件抗火性能的有限元模拟分析提供了建模依据。     

Eco-compensation effects of the wetland recovery in Dongting Lake area

Eco-compensation is an environmental economic instrument for internalization of external cost. Returning farmland to lake is one of the important parts of restoring wetland ecosystem function in the Yangtze River Valley of China. Whether the project of lake recovery can be successful depends on the compensation to the farmers who have lost their original benefits and contributed to the wetland ecosystem recovery by returning farmland to lake. Aiming at the wetland recovery of the Dongting Lake, the practical implementation of programs of the lake recovery and flood control in this area has been challenged by the heavy task of population resettlement, so it is an ideal area for case studies to reach the academic objectives proposed as the above. Based on field survey and experimentation, this research evaluated the benefit losses of the resettled farmers and the increased values of ecosystem service functions caused by wetland recovery, and furthermore, the value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers was calculated by considering the combination of the farmers’ compensation appeal. The value of eco-compensation for relocated farmers in the Dongting Lake area was 6084.5 yuan per household by synthetic analysis of the effects on wetland ecosystem restoration. Moreover, this article took Dongting Lake area as a case to study and explore the basic issues of the eco-compensation by returning farmland to lake, that was who should pay, who should be paid, how much the payment was and what the payment means was, which sought the mechanisms of wetland restoration eco-compensation and prompted the people’s enthusiasms for ecological restoration.     

吸力强度修正对数模型在地基承载力中的应用

为准确反映非饱和土体中吸力对抗剪强度的影响规律,提出了吸力强度修正对数模型。与国内外试验结果相此,发现该模型在低吸力范围内与以往的模型有很好的同一性,而在高吸力范围内有着更大的优越性。该模型中各参数物理意义更为明确,与土-水特征曲线的特征值的关系更为紧密,通过引入参数b能更好地模拟具有不同特征残余值的土体。把该修正对数模型引入到地基承载力的分析中,发现饱和度对地基承载力的影响显著,吸力的存在能大大地提高承载力,并且饱和度越低,递增的速率也越大。     

Estimated Green's function extracted from superconducting gravimeters and seismometers

Estimated Green's function (EGF) between stations has been extracted from ambient seismic noise, direct surface wave and coda waves. It is also confirmed by laboratory experiments on ultrasonics and theoretical derivations assuming diffusive wave field, equi-partition of modes or random sources on an enclosed surface. This method provides a new approach to study the crust and mantle structure at regional scale, continental scale and global scale. Following the achievements with seismometer records, the records of infrasonic station, hydrophone and microphone were also used to obtain the EGFs of different wave fields. Since superconducting gravimeter is a better long period instrument than regular seismometer, EGF at longer period is expected to be obtained with the cross correlation of gravity data. In this paper, we will show the EGFs extracted by cross-correlations between the superconducting gravimeters and the seismometers. Both the travel times and dispersion curves obtained from different data types are consistent. The result shows that it is possible to retrieve the deep structure by the cross correlation of gravity data.     

灌溉与施氮对留茬免耕春小麦产量、水分利用效率及氮肥表观利用效率的影响

在甘肃省石羊河流域绿洲灌区,研究了不同灌溉量(常规灌溉327 mm、节水20%灌溉261 mm和节水40%灌溉196 mm)和施氮量(0、140、221 kg·hm-2和300 kg·hm-2)对留茬免耕春小麦籽粒产量、秸秆产量、收获指数、水分利用效率和氮素表观利用效率的影响。结果表明,在各施氮处理中,春小麦籽粒产量、秸秆产量、收获指数随灌溉量增加而增加,水分利用效率和氮素利用效率随灌溉量增加先增加后降低。节水20%灌溉的水分利用效率和氮素表观利用效率最高。就各灌溉水平平均值而言,当施氮达到221 kg·hm-2,春小麦籽粒产量(6 365 kg\5hm-2)、收获指数 (0.49)、水分利用效率 (14.51 kg·mm-1·hm-2) 和氮素表观利用效率(21.8%)达到最大值。在与该试验条件相似地区,综合考虑籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮素表观利用效率,节水20%灌溉和221 kg·hm-2施氮量为最优组合。     

大变形固结理论最终沉降量分析

大变形理论的力学机制较为严格,但由于其固有的复杂性和非线性,目前对大小变形理论计算的沉降量差别仍存在争议。基于连续介质力学基本原理,采用土力学符号约定推导了T.L.描述的大变形固结增量有限元方程组及其总应力分析形式。结合算例,分析了材料线性化和材料几何双线性化简化算法的影响,探讨了较合适的荷载增量步长,讨论了大、小变形法计算的最终沉降量差别。结果表明,荷载增量步长对两种线性化法计算结果较为敏感;大变形法计算的沉降量偏大于小变形结果,这可能是由几何非线性问题的“拉压刚度不同”效应引起;初应力矩阵对最终沉降量有较大影响等。     

Hoek-Brown岩石破坏经验判据确定岩石地基承载力的修正

岩石地基承载力的精确确定,对工程的安全性和经济性非常重要。简要介绍了Hoek-Brown岩石经验破坏判据及其剪切强度形式,并通过确定岩基潜在破坏面上的正应力,计算出岩体自重和岩体瞬时内摩擦角。对基于Hoek-Brown岩石经验破坏判据的岩基承载力的极限解法进行修正,得出剪切破坏模式下含有岩体自重和瞬时内摩擦角的Hoek-Brown岩基承载力修正公式。最后,通过算例证明修正公式的完善性和实用性。     

预应力锚索锚固段剪应力分布与锚固段长度研究

基于弹性理论,按照半空间体在边界上受法向集中力作用,对预应力锚索锚固段剪应力沿长度方向的分布规律进行模型研究。通过分析实际工程和现场试验中剪应力分布特征,引入与预应力、锚固段长度、岩体强度、胶结材料强度等相关的参数?和与剪应力最大值的位置、锚固段直径等相关的参数?后,可以较好地模拟锚固段的剪应力分布规律。根据锚固段胶结材料的抗压强度?c、内摩擦角?以及参数?与预应力大致成线性反比例关系,可以估算极限承载力。同时,按所述方法计算实际需要的锚固段长度Ls是设计锚固段长度Ld的2tan?倍。最后,实例分析表明,研究成果是合理的。