扩径率与入岩深度对岩基挖孔基础抗拔承载特性影响的试验研究

扩径率和入岩深度是影响岩基挖孔基础抗拔承载特性的两个重要因素。通过开展8个不同扩径率、不同入岩深度挖孔基础的现场真型上拔静载试验,从荷载位移变化规律、抗拔承载力和地基岩体破坏模式三方面分析了扩径率与入岩深度对基础抗拔承载特性的影响,结果表明扩径率对荷载位移曲线初始线性阶段影响显著。采用图解法分别获得代表基础低、中、高3种承载能力的抗拔承载力QL1、QDLI、QL2,分析表明,随着扩径率与入岩深度的增加,基础抗拔承载力均有不同程度提高,但两种因素对基础承载力影响机制不同,扩径率可明显提高初始弹性阶段的承载力QL1,而入岩深度可明显提高塑性阶段的承载力QDLI和QL2。通过分析地基破坏时地表岩体裂缝的分布特征,得出岩基中上拔岩体的破坏模式与基础结构型式无关,均是从基底开始出现裂缝,沿着一定角度的开口延伸至地面,直至地基发生破坏,并且破坏范围随着入岩深度的增加而减小。综合考虑基础施工安全性、经济性和机械化程度,建议优先选择加深入岩深度的措施来提高基础抗拔承载力。     

终止压桩力及承载力标准值实测方法探求

需要多大的压桩力才能将桩压入设计预定的标高,获得最大的单桩承载力,这是工程上最实际、最有价值的问题之一。本文通过静力压桩及静载试验求取适合于工程实际情况的终止压桩力与单桩极限承载力的关系,并通过钢弦式应力计在预应力管桩中的应用,论述了由测应力计频率到求取单桩极限侧阻力标准值及极限端阻力标准值的过程和原理。     

东疆地区某氧化铜矿选矿试验研究

对新疆东疆地区某氧化铜矿石进行选别试验,确定该氧化铜矿选别流程为一粗二扫一精：选别的最佳条件为：磨矿细度90％;粗选硫化钠用量2500g／t;BX与丁胺黑药组合使用做捕收剂,用量分别为3500g／t和850g／t;2#油用量106g／t.铜精矿品位25．76％,回收率73.51％.     

Biophysical factors of remote sensing approach in urban green analysis

Greenery in an urban environment is an important consideration when studying temperature, and such enquiry can benefit human health. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how ambient temperature in urban areas is affected by forests and parks. The focus is on biophysical parameters related to these green areas, such as impervious surface percentages, albedo, areal coverage, elevation, and leaf area index (LAI). Geographic information systems and remote sensing were used to quantify green spaces using a pixel-based method. It was found that coverage area has little correlation with temperature. Factor analysis was used to determine the minimum number of independent factors, which explained 63% of the variance of that temperature. Only elevation, LAI and albedo were significant biophysical factors. Guidelines for greenery programmes should include these significant data-sets to understand the influence of green areas on heat reduction.     

Estimation and Long-term Trend Analysis of Surface Solar Radiation in Antarctica: A Case Study of Zhongshan Station

Long-term,ground-based daily global solar radiation (DGSR) at Zhongshan Station in Antarctica can quantitatively reveal the basic characteristics of Earth’s surface radiation balance and validate satellite data for the Antarctic region.The fixed station was established in 1989,and conventional radiation observations started much later in 2008.In this study,a random forest (RF) model for estimating DGSR is developed using ground meteorological observation data,and a highprecision,long-term DGSR dataset is constructed.Then,the trend of DGSR from 1990 to 2019 at Zhongshan Station,Antarctica is analyzed.The RF model,which performs better than other models,shows a desirable performance of DGSR hindcast estimation with an R~2 of 0.984,root-mean-square error of 1.377 MJ m~(-2),and mean absolute error of 0.828 MJ m~(-2).The trend of DGSR annual anomalies increases during 1990–2004 and then begins to decrease after 2004.Note that the maximum value of annual anomalies occurs during approximately 2004/05 and is mainly related to the days with precipitation (especially those related to good weather during the polar day period) at this station.In addition to clouds and water vapor,bad weather conditions (such as snowfall,which can result in low visibility and then decreased sunshine duration and solar radiation) are the other major factors affecting solar radiation at this station.The high-precision,longterm estimated DGSR dataset enables further study and understanding of the role of Antarctica in global climate change and the interactions between snow,ice,and atmosphere.     

软岩钻孔灌注桩承载力的数值模拟

如何确定软岩地区钻孔灌注桩的承载力是一个复杂而又亟待解决的问题。本文以南京长江三桥软岩钻孔灌注桩为例,利用数值模拟法(FLAC3D模拟分析),模拟南京长江三桥软岩钻孔灌注桩逐级加载后的受力性状,根据得到的桩周土岩的应力场、位移场及破坏区的分布和扩展,确定软岩钻孔灌注桩的极限承载力。将数值模拟结果和自平衡测试结果进行比较,笔者发现两者吻合较好。     

The impact of dredge-fill on Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows: regression and patterns of recovery

Posidonia oceanica meadows can be severely damaged by dredge-fill operations. We report on the construction of gas pipelines that occurred between 1981 and 1993 in SW Sicily, Italy. A large portion of the meadow was mechanically removed, and the excavated trench was filled with a mosaic of substrates, ranging from sand to consolidated rock debris. Meadow loss and recovery were quantified over 7 years after the end of operations. We recorded an overall loss of 81.20 ha of meadow. Substrate strongly affected recovery as the percent cover by P. oceanica consistently increased on calcareous rubble, reaching values of 44.37 ± 3.05% in shallow sites after 7 years, whereas no significant increase occurred on other substrates. As in the Mediterranean Sea exploitation of coastal areas continues to grow with consequent impacts on P. oceanica meadows, this case study illustrates how artificial rubble-like materials could be employed to support the restoration of damaged meadows.     

Shaking table test and analysis method on ultimate behavior of slender base‐isolated structure supported by laminated rubber bearings

This paper describes the results of shaking table tests to ascertain the ultimate behavior of slender base‐isolated buildings and proposes a time history response analysis method, which can predict the ultimate behavior of base‐isolated buildings caused by buckling fracture in laminated rubber bearings. In the tests, a base‐isolated structure model weighing 192 kN supported by four lead rubber bearings is used. The experimental parameters are the aspect ratio of height‐to‐distance between the bearings and the shape of and the axial stress on the bearings. The test results indicate that the motion types of the superstructure at large input levels can be classified into three types: the sinking type; the uplift type; and the mixed type. These behaviors depend on the relationship between the static ultimate lateral uplifting force on the superstructure and the lateral restoring characteristics of the base‐isolated story. In the analysis method, bearing characteristics are represented by a macroscopic mechanical model that is expanded by adding an axial spring to an existing model. Nonlinear spring characteristics are used for its rotational, shear, and axial spring. The central difference method is applied to solve the equation of motion. To verify the validity of the method, simulation analysis of the shaking table tests are carried out. The results of the analysis agree well with the test results. The proposed model can express the buckling behavior of bearings in the large deformation range. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

沈阳中心城区水源地漏斗恢复调蓄模拟研究

在沈阳市由于长期地下水超采严重,已经形成大面积地下漏斗空间,形成引发严重地质灾害的隐患。分析了沈阳市地下水漏斗可恢复性建设的水文地质条件。并结合数值模拟方法研究了沈阳市地下水漏斗区域水量恢复时间和地下水漏斗中心水位恢复程度。结果表明:在同时增加河流补给量和压缩地下水开采量条件下,2年以后地下水漏斗中心水位可达到31.67m;压缩地下水开采量或增加河流补给量,均可在4年恢复漏斗区地下水位,且沈阳城区可有效增加地下水资源量0.88×108m3。     

Determination of arsenic concentration and distribution in the Floridan Aquifer System

Here we report on the different sampling strategies for almost seven years of sampling rocks/sediments for the determination of As within the Intermediate Aquifer System (IAS) and upper Floridan Aquifer System (FAS), a very large and productive limestone aquifer spanning from Georgia into Florida. In the FAS, As contamination has become a recurring problem during aquifer storage and recovery (ASR), particularly in central and south Florida.To investigate these phenomena, samples from solid drill cores and rock cuttings were collected from the Hawthorn Group, Suwannee Limestone, Ocala Limestone and Avon Park Formation. Samples were taken along drill cores and rock cuttings (referred to as ‘interval’ samples) or from particular drill core sections and rock cuttings (referred to as ‘targeted’ samples) likely to contain elevated concentrations of As as indicated by the presence of pyrite, hydrous ferric oxide, organic matter, clay minerals, fracture surfaces, and high permeable (moldic) zones.Arsenic was present in all of the stratigraphic units at low concentrations, close to the global average for As in limestone of 2.6 mg/kg. The highest As concentration was 69 mg/kg. In all units, however, the average bulk As concentration in the targeted samples was substantially higher than that in the interval samples. Based on direct spot measurements by electron microprobe and indirect calculations, pyrite was identified as the main source of As in the FAS. Concentrations in pyrite ranged from less than 100 mg/kg to more than 11,000 mg/kg. Because pyrite is heterogeneously distributed, both vertically and horizontally in the sampled stratigraphic units, the same was observed for the distribution of As. However, As concentrations generally decreased with depth, i.e., highest As values in the Hawthorn Group and lowest As values in the Ocala Limestone and Avon Park Formation. Compared to pyrite, other trace minerals contained much less As.The average As concentrations of the two types of sample media (solid cores and rock cuttings) were quite similar. These results indicate that if simply the average bulk rock As concentration of a geologic unit is the desired outcome of an investigation, either interval or targeted sampling of rock cuttings, seems to be sufficient. This is particularly important when time and money are a factor. This approach could work equally well for any other trace element. Structural sedimentary information, such as fractures, etc., is likely lost, however, when sampling rock cuttings. Thus, if this information is required, solid core samples need to be collected by hollow core diamond drilling.