超临界萃取技术在泥炭纤维素提纯中的应用与萃取组分特征

将超临界CO2萃取技术应用于泥炭纤维素中有机脂类物质的提纯工作,并对萃取物进行色—质联用分析。结果表明,在萃取物中检出了一系列甲酯类、乙酯类、少量有机酸及正构烷烃组分。首次检出的脂肪酸乙酯系列化合物多数呈高碳数分布,具偶碳优势。长链正构烷烃主峰碳为nC33或nC31,具有明显的奇碳优势,这在一定程度上反映了泥炭生成过程的气候条件,记录了气候变化的信息。同时也显示出超临界CO2萃取技术能够很好地完成除去纤维素中有机脂类这一重要环节,有利于提高泥炭纤维素δ13C值检测的准确度,为超临界流体萃取技术在地学中的应用开辟了一个新途径。     

软骨藻酸多克隆抗体的制备

为建立软骨藻酸(DA)的免疫检测法,本研究采用活泼酯法将DA与载体蛋白KLH(BSA)偶联形成完全免疫抗原(包被抗原),并通过紫外光谱扫描证明偶联成功与否。用完全免疫抗原DA-KLH对新西兰白兔进行免疫,间接ELISA法测定血清效价。实验结果表明偶联成功,经过19周免疫后血清效价达到1:1600,纯化后获得效价为1:800的多克隆抗体,同时也间接证明了合成的完全抗原具有免疫原性,为以后建立免疫分析法奠定了基础。     

扫描电镜对低渗透储油层砂岩基质内孔隙铸体法分析的剖析

扫描电镜铸体分析方法用在研究低渗透储油层砂岩基质内孔隙结构，从薄片鉴定的二维平面上升到扫描电镜铸体分析的三维立体结构，从而使得分析计算更加准确、可靠。实验结果表明：该方法的关键在于铸体样品的制备。     

天然矿物存在下脂肪酸酯水解生烃的影响因素研究

在常压、低温条件下,检测了十种天然矿物存在下水的pH值变化、天然矿物经偏酸性和偏碱性水溶液浸泡后的物相组成;同时观察了十种天然矿物及其在不同(沉积环境)pH值时对脂肪酸酯的水解催化作用,得出脂肪酸酯在不同天然矿物存在下的水解率大小(由此可计算出生烃量).实验结果表明:十种天然矿物存在下可使偏酸性或偏碱性水的pH值发生变化,但天然矿物的物相组成在偏酸性或偏碱性水溶液浸泡后基本上不变;除了白云石和钙蒙脱石外,大多数天然矿物在偏碱性条件下对脂肪酸酯低温催化水解都是比较有利的;脂肪酸酯低温矿物催化水解的水解率范围在9%～50%,大多数集中在22%～34%范围.     

黄原酯棉对痕量银吸附条件的探讨

本文通过黄原酯棉对痕量银在不同条件下的吸附试验，找出黄原酯棉对痕量银吸附的最适宜条件，为在分析化学以及环保中利用黄原酯棉分析痕量银提供参考。     

The effects of fucoidans from Laminaria japonica on AAPH mediated oxidation of human low-density lipoprotein

1Introduction Thegeneration,reactionandconsequenceof freeradicalsinbiologicalsystemshavereceived muchattentionrecentlyinconnectionwithavariety ofpathologicalevents(BarryandSusanna,1993;FangandLi,1999).LDLoxidizedbyexposureto tracemetalionsCu2 andFe3 (Hein…     

异烷基磷酸（1甲基庚基）酯萃淋树脂分离感耦等离子体光谱法测定氧化铕中微量稀土元素

用５７０９萃淋树脂还原色层法分离富集高纯氧化铕中微量稀土杂质，随后用顺序扫描等离子体光电光谱法测定。色层分离的条件：上柱稀土基体的质量浓度为２０ｇ／Ｌ，ｐＨ２～３，流速为２５ｍＬ／ｍｉｎ，洗脱液为６ｍｏｌ／Ｌ的ＨＣｌ溶液。共测定铈、镨、钕、钐、钆和镝６种稀土杂质。回收率为８９％～１０５％，相对标准偏差≤４％。方法可用于荧光级氧化铕中杂质稀土的测定     

Distribution of microbial fatty acids and fatty alcohols in soils from an altitude transect of Mt. Jianfengling in Hainan,China: Implication for paleoaltimetry and paleotemperature reconstruction

The temperature gradient along the altitude transect of Mt.Jianfengling provides a good opportunity to establish and evaluate the microbial lipid-based environmental proxies.The soils collected from 14 different altitudes of Mt.Jianfengling contain abundant microbial fatty acids and fatty alcohols,including iso/anteiso fatty acids(i/aC12:0–i/aC19:0),10-Me-C16:0 fatty acid,iso/anteiso fatty alcohols(i/aC13–iC26),10-Me-C16:0 fatty alcohol and unsaturated fatty alcohols,which can indicate a strong microbial activity in the Jianfengling soils.The branched and unsaturated fatty alcohols can be only detected when saponification is performed,implying that these lipids are present as the constituents of bacterial wax esters in the soils.The ratio of aC15/iC15 fatty acids is positively correlated with altitude,suggesting that the decrease in temperature can induce the increase in the relative abundance of anteiso C15 fatty acid.In contrast,the ratio of aC15/iC15 fatty alcohols and of aC15/nC15 fatty alcohols both decrease with increased altitude or decreased temperature.Similarly,the ratio of nC18:1/nC18:0 fatty alcohols also decreases with decreased temperature,which is opposite to the previous observation that unsaturation of fatty acids in microorganism increases in response to decreased temperature.Besides,the average chain length(ACL)of long chain fatty alcohols(C22–C30)from leaf waxes and carbon preference index(CPI)of all n-fatty alcohols are also significantly correlated with altitude or mean annual temperature,demonstrating their potential for paleoclimate reconstruction.The correlation of microbial fatty acids and alcohols as well as ACL and CPI of plant wax-derived fatty alcohols with altitude may provide novel ways to reconstruct paleotemperature and paleoaltimetry.     

交酯化法制备鱼油脂肪酸乙酯的研究

研究了用交酯化法制备鱼油脂肪酸乙酯的工艺 ,分析了原料鱼油的质量、催化剂NaOH和乙醇用量对乙酯化的影响。结果表明 ,原料鱼油在低酸值、低过氧化值、低水分时对乙酯化反应是有利的 ,催化剂NaOH的用量为原料鱼油的 0 .3 % ,无水乙醇的用量为原料鱼油的 60 %时是比较经济的。