等离子天体物理学与现代等离子体宇宙观

现代科学表明宇宙中99%以上的可观测物质都处于等离子体状态,从小尺度的微观粒子动力学集体过程与能量转换机制到大尺度的宇宙等离子天体结构状态与爆发活动现象,都是等离子天体物理学的研究课题.从宇宙演化历史、大尺度结构形成以及爆发活动现象等方面,系统地论述了等离子天体物理学在现代天文学发展以及现代等离子体宇宙观形成中的重要作用.同时,结合空间卫星科学探测研究及其对现代天文学的巨大影响,进一步阐述了地球磁层和日球层等空间等离子体实地探测研究在等离子天体物理学研究中所扮演的“天然实验室”的独特作用.     

Geology and ages of porphyry and medium- to high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits of the continental margin of Northeast China

The continental margin of Northeast China, an important part of the continental margin-related West Pacific metallogenic belt, hosts numerous types of gold-dominated mineral deposits. Based on ore deposit geology and isotopic dating, we have classified hydrothermal gold–copper ore deposits in this region into four distinct types: (1) gold-rich porphyry copper deposits, (2) gold-rich porphyry-like copper deposits, (3) medium-sulphidation epithermal copper–gold deposits, and (4) high-sulphidation epithermal gold deposits. These ore deposits formed during four distinct metallogenic stages or periods, at 123.6 ± 2.5 Ma, 110–104 Ma, 104–102 Ma, and 95.0 ± 2 Ma, corresponding to periods of Cretaceous intermediate–acid volcanism and late-stage emplacement of hypabyssal magmas along the northern margin of the North China platform. The earliest stage of mineralization (123.6 ± 2.5 Ma) corresponds to the formation of medium-sulphidation epithermal copper – gold deposits and was associated with a continental margin magmatic arc system linked to subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia. This metallogenesis is closely related to high-K calc-alkaline intermediate–acid granite and pyroxene – diorite porphyry magmatism. The second and third stages of mineralization in the study area (110–104 Ma and 104–102 Ma, respectively) correspond to the formation of gold-rich porphyry copper, porphyry-like copper, and high-sulphidation gold deposits, with metallogenesis closely related to sodic or adakitic magmatism. These magmas formed in a continental margin magmatic arc system related to oblique subduction of the Pacific Plate beneath the Eurasia, as well as mixing of crust-derived remelted granitic and mantle-derived adakitic magmas. During the final stage of mineralization (95.0 ± 2 Ma), metallogenesis was closely related to sodic or adakitic magmatism, with diagenesis and metallogenesis related to the disintegration or destruction of the Pacific Plate, which was subducted beneath the Eurasian Plate during the Mesozoic.     

页岩气成藏动力特点及其平衡方程

针对页岩气吸附加游离的成藏方式对其成藏动力特点进行了系统分析。与特定的储集物性条件与相应的气源压力相匹配时,页岩气藏中游离气具有与根缘气或常规储层气相似的作用力类型,包括生烃膨胀力、连续气柱顶界静水柱压力、连续气柱底界静水柱压力、连续气柱重力、毛细管压力和动水头压力等,而造成气体分子在有机质颗粒及岩石矿物表面进行吸附与游离相态转换的作用力类型则为吸附作用力和解吸作用力。天然气动力类型存在运移动力与成藏动力的区别,页岩气作为源储一体的聚集模式,其运移动力和成藏动力具有方向相反特点。根据页岩热演化程度、生气强度、构造条件、物性条件等,将页岩气成藏划分为4个阶段,对每一阶段的成藏动力特点进行了系统分析,据此建立了成藏(运移)动力平衡方程,并采用权重系数赋值方法建立了页岩气成藏(运移)动力平衡方程通式。     

煤系有机质多阶段成气的分子碳同位素表征及其对高过成熟干酪根生气潜力评价的启示

采用开放体系在线程序升温裂解-色谱-碳同位素比值质谱技术(PY/GC-IRMS)考察了煤系有机质热演化过程中甲烷瞬时生成速率与碳同位素组成特征,提出煤系有机质不同热演化进程甲烷生成的四个阶段:生油窗阶段、主生气阶段、晚期生气阶段(芳环侧链断裂)、开环-缩聚作用阶段.以一级反应动力学为基础,采用高斯分布算法,计算了各阶段甲烷产出的动力学参数.研究结果对煤成气资源量的正确评价,特别是近年来有机质高演化阶段成气潜力的评价具有重要指示意义.     

The Sun and the transcendental world of binaries

The theory of gravity says that a binary with orbital frequency ν should be a source of gravitational waves at the double frequency and higher harmonics. This implies that long-term exposure of an ensemble of binaries to gravity waves with frequency ν _G can result in (a) a lack of binaries with frequencies near frequency ν _G /2 and its higher harmonics (the effect of unstable orbits) and/or (b) an excess of binaries whose orbital frequencies are “absolutely” incommensurable with ν _G /2 and its higher harmonics (the effect of stable orbits). It is assumed that the stable-orbit frequencies are almost equal to multiples of πν _G /2 and ν _G /2π, where π plays the role of a “perfect” factor ensuring the best antiresonance of binaries. The statistical analysis of frequencies of 5774 Galactic close binary systems (CBSs) with periods P less than 10 days is based on calculating the resonance spectrum that indicates the best common multiple for a given set of frequencies with allowance for the factor π. The CBS distribution turns out to be modulated by the frequency ν _G = 104.4(5) μHz, and this effect is the most pronounced for superfast and compact rotators, such as cataclysmic variables (CVs) and related objects. The frequency ν _G is, within the error, equal to the “enigmatic” frequency ν₀ = 104.160(1) μHz com discovered earlier in the power spectra of the Sun and brightness variations of some extragalactic sources. This confirms the existence of a “coherent cosmic oscillation” of the Universe with frequency ν₀(ν _G ). The new astrophysical phenomenon naturally explains an “CV period gap” at frequencies ≈πν _G /3 (P ≈ 153 min) and maxima at the neighboring frequencies ≈πν _G /2 and ≈πν _G /4 (P ≈ 102 and ≈204 min, respectively). The remarkable and “mysterious” role of the transcendental number π for the world of binaries is emphasized, and the mystery of physical nature of the “universal” oscillation ν₀(ν _G ) is highlighted.     

Larval shell development of the toheroa,Paphies ventricosa (Gray, 1843) (Mactracea: Mesodesmatidae)

The larval shells of Paphies ventricosa, reared to settlement in the hatchery, are similar in longitudinal profile to shells of some other mactracean larvae; the umbo‐stage larval shells are nearly round with the anterior margin less broadly curved than the posterior margin, the anterior end is longer than the posterior end, and the umbo is broadly rounded. Straight‐hinge larvae had total lengths up to 149 μm, and total heights up to 126 μm, and umbo larvae had total lengths up to 320 μm, and total heights up to 282 μm. The larvae settled in about 22 days at a size of about 270 μm. The larval hinge structure bears some similarities to those of other mactracean larvae.     

泌阳凹陷安棚油田核三段储层裂缝成因、期次及分布研究

根据定向取心、成像测井、常规岩心及薄片资料对安棚油田核三段储层天然裂缝特征进行分析的基础上,通过对20个裂缝充填物的稳定同位素测定,5组样品的声发射实验,结合岩心裂缝特征、地质构造历史等,确定出核三段地层中裂缝为区域性裂缝,以垂直或高角度张性缝为主,成组出现,产状稳定,不受局部鼻状构造控制,确定出裂缝有4个破裂期,主要破裂期为第二期。从岩石力学性质、刚性岩石分布情况和岩(砂)层厚度、构造应力场强度等方面入手,系统地讨论了控制裂缝发育的地质因素。区域应力场强度与裂缝发育程度有密切关系,是影响裂缝发育的主要外因,而岩性、岩石密度和厚度是影响裂缝发育的主要内因。采用构造滤波法、应力场模拟法、主曲率法对研究区Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ油组的平面裂缝分布进行了预测和评价。     

青藏高原北部地震区弧形带与东缘带大地震活动特征的对比研究

汶川8.0级地震前地震活动图像,呈现长期(几十年)多阶段中强震起伏和中长期(10～30年)强震活动平静,甚至无5级以上地震情况下突发大地震等显著特点.与青藏高原北部地震区大多数7级以上地震中期(几年至10年)中强震增多和中短期(1～3年)成组大震活跃等特点,形成鲜明的对照.将中国南北带东边缘带M≥7.7的11次大地震(含汶川8.0级)归属于中长期多阶段起伏、中短期突发型地震,相应的另一种大震称为中短期渐进型地震.围绕这一认识,对汶川8.0级地震活动特征作回顾性探讨.     

基于多因复成矿床理论探讨阿舍勒铜矿的成因

新疆北部阿舍勒铜锌多金属矿床为海相火山岩型块状硫化物矿床,形成于晚古生代西伯利亚西南缘活动陆缘环境。在西伯利亚、哈萨克斯坦-准噶尔板块多阶段的俯冲、碰撞、拼合过程中,矿床所处的大地构造环境经历了多个开合演化阶段,为该矿床提供了良好的先天、临产及后天条件。成矿以喷气-沉积作用为主,其后经历了变质改造、岩浆热液叠加及表生氧化作用。矿床控制因素显示出“地层-岩控-构控和时控”多位一体的特点。同位素及微量元素研究表明,成矿物质具有多源性。根据陈国达历史-因果论大地构造学提出的多因复成矿床概念和时空四维兼顾研究思路,讨论了阿舍勒铜矿的多因复成矿床特征,厘定其为一个多因复成型矿床。