A Study of Eddy Viscosity Coefficient in Numerical Tidal Simulation

Based on the fluid motion equations, the physical meaning of eddy viscosity coefficient and the rationality of the Boussinesq hypothesis are discussed in this paper. The effect of the coefficient on numerical stability is analyzed briefly. A semi-enclosed rectangular sea area, with an orthogonal spur dike, is applied in a 2-D numerical model to study the effect of horizontal eddy viscosity coefficient (AH). The computed result shows that AH has little influence on the tidal level and averaged flow velocity, but has obvious influence on the intensity and the range of return flow around near the spur dike. Correspondingly, a wind-driven current pool and an annular current are applied in a 3-D numerical model respectively to study the effect of vertical eddy viscosity coefficient (Av). The computed result shows that the absolute value of Av is inversely proportional to that of horizontal velocity, and the vertical gradient value of Av determines the vertical distribution of horizontal velocity. The distrib     

复方有机疗效助长剂在日本对虾养殖中的应用效果评析

初步评估了复方有机疗效助长剂在日本对虾养殖中的应用效果。在水湿１９－２９℃、盐度１７－２８下，经４０ｄ饲养，实验池对虾的平均体长为３．９４ｃｍ，增长率为０．８ｍｍ／ｄ平均体重显０．７８ｇ，而对照池对虾的平均体长是２．５４ｃｍ，增长率为０．４３ｍｍ／ｄ，平均体重为０．２５ｇ。实验池对虾的平均体长与体重分别是对照池的１．５５倍、３．１２倍。     

利用贝叶斯抽样一致性的点云特征面拟合

针对传统随机抽样一致性算法在拟合特征面时对种子点的选择具有一定的随机性,造成循环次数过多、效率低下的问题,该文提出一种改进的随机抽样一致性算法——贝叶斯抽样一致性算法。首先建立柱面、球面、圆环面、平面的数学模型;然后用贝叶斯抽样一致性算法提高抗噪性,并用二维直方图统计方法对贝叶斯抽样一致性算法中的局内点先验概率估计进行改进;最后,对局内点用非线性最小二乘进行拟合。将该方法与基于随机抽样一致性算法的特征面拟合方法进行了对比和分析,实验结果证明,贝叶斯抽样一致性算法能够更高效地实现局部特征面拟合。     

Impact of the simulation algorithm, magnitude of ergodic fluctuations and number of realizations on the spaces of uncertainty of flow properties

 Geostatistical simulation algorithms are routinely used to generate conditional realizations of the spatial distribution of petrophysical properties, which are then fed into complex transfer functions, e.g. a flow simulator, to yield a distribution of responses, such as the time to recover a given proportion of the oil. This latter distribution, often referred to as the space of uncertainty, cannot be defined analytically because of the complexity (non-linearity) of transfer functions, but it can be characterized algorithmically through the generation of many realizations. This paper compares the space of uncertainty generated by four of the most commonly used algorithms: sequential Gaussian simulation, sequential indicator simulation, p-field simulation and simulated annealing. Conditional to 80 sample permeability values randomly drawn from an exhaustive 40×40 image, 100 realizations of the spatial distribution of permeability values are generated using each algorithm and fed into a pressure solver and a flow simulator. Principal component analysis is used to display the sets of realizations into the joint space of uncertainty of the response variables (effective permeability, times to reach 5% and 95% water cuts and to recover 10% and 50% of the oil). The attenuation of ergodic fluctuations through a rank-preserving transform of permeability values reduces substantially the extent of the space of uncertainty for sequential indicator simulation and p-field simulation, while improving the prediction of the response variable by the mean of the output distribution. Differences between simulation algorithms are the most pronounced for long-term responses (95% water cut and 50% oil recovery), with sequential Gaussian simulation yielding the most accurate prediction. In this example, utilizing more than 20 realizations generally increases only slightly the size of the space of uncertainty.     

区域经济平衡发展与不平衡发展的动态演变

关于区域经济发展的趋势,区域经济学界长期存在平衡发展与不平衡发展的争论。平衡发展与不平衡发展实际只是经济发展不同阶段的表象,它们将随时间的推移和经济的进步而周期性地演变与更替。介绍区域平衡发展与不平衡发展两种对立的理论,概述不平衡发展与平衡发展随时间演变的经验证据:“倒U假说”。在新古典经济学得出的增长轨迹基础上,利用简化的两地区逻辑曲线初步证明“倒U假说”的成立;并进一步讨论这一假说在多周期情形下的一个拓展,即地区差距的周期波动。     

现代成矿理论的某些进展

本文简要分析了成矿理论的发展趋势,重点对１０种现代成矿理论作了简要的介绍,它们是：同生成矿理论、浅生成矿理论、微生物成矿理论、边缘成矿理论、纬度分带成矿学说、软硬酸碱成矿理论、建造分析成矿理论、浅成低温热液贵金属成矿理论、成岩作用促使沉积成矿理论和砂金成矿的细菌结晶机制。笔者认为成矿理论的研究应注意综合性、多因素和适用性,还强调成矿理论随着地质科学不断发展而逐步丰富和完善。     

Effects of experimental small-scale cockle (Cerastoderma edule L.) fishing on ecosystem function

The cockle Cerastoderma edule L. occurs at commercially exploited densities within both species-poor and species-rich assemblages, dominating the faunal biomass and potentially acting as a key contributor to a number of ecological functions. The questions considered were: Is the delivery of ecological functions affected by the removal of C. edule ? Does the biodiversity of the affected assemblage affect the extent to which it is altered? To explore these questions, adult cockles were removed from experimental plots at two shores in the North-West of England: a species-poor shore at Warton Sands, Morecambe Bay, and a more diverse shore at Thurstaston, Dee estuary. Impacts on the functioning of the systems were determined during a 4-month study in summer 2007 by direct measurements of benthic primary production, organic matter content and sediment granulometry, and by indirect analyses using Biological Traits Analysis. Removal of adult cockles led to significant changes in faunal assemblage composition and in the distribution of biological traits, with increased biodiversity and an increased prevalence of traits relating to opportunistic taxa observed following the removal of C. edule . These changes occurred at both study sites and hence were independent of the initial biodiversity of the assemblages. Sediment granulometry was significantly affected; however, surface chlorophyll and organic matter were not affected. This implies a minimal impact on these functions and a high degree of functional redundancy within the macrofauna. The implications of these findings and future areas of research are discussed.     

模型误差对χ~2统计检验算法的影响分析

简要介绍了导航系统的两种χ2检验算法,分析给出了模型误差对两种故障检测算法影响的表达式,指出了在利用χ2检验算法进行故障检验时应注意的问题,最后利用模拟数据和实测数据分别计算比较了模型误差对两种χ2检验算法的影响。