Scaeurgus unicirrhus (Orbigny, 1840) (Cephalopoda,Octopodidae): first record from the South-East Atlantic

The first recorded specimens of Scaeurgus unicirrhus from the South-East Atlantic are described. Five males and two females were captured on the Valdivia Bank, Walvis Ridge, between 24 and 27°S, 400 miles off the Namibian coast. They are compared with specimens caught from other areas, and historical and geographic surveys of the species are made.     

矿山对生态环境的“黑洞与白洞”效应假说

矿山就是矿产资源开发建设与施工在自然生态面上挖除了一块,使完整的自然生态面出现一个“空洞”,它就像宇宙中“黑洞”与“白洞”干扰和影响宇宙场一样,对自然生态及其环境有很大的破坏作用。矿山对生态环境是否存在“黑洞与白洞”效应？单个矿山生态环境有怎样的“黑洞与白洞”效应？矿山集群对生态环境有怎样的“黑洞与白洞”效应？矿山生态环境可以人为优化吗？对这些问题的探索与研究对矿山生态环境的总治理与保护具有重要意义。     

技术扩散还是效率优先——基于“美团网”的中国O2O电子商务空间渗透探讨

关于电子商务的空间发展问题,学界提出了技术扩散假说和效率假说。技术扩散假说认为发达城市地区的电子商务发展更好,效率假说则认为欠发达城市地区的电子商务发展更好,两者内涵存在明显争议。以中国286个地级市的O2O电子商务为例,采用空间计量模型、多元线性回归等方法,尝试探讨了其空间发展更倾向于技术扩散还是效率优先。结果表明：① 中国O2O电子商务的规模指数在空间上呈现出由东部沿海向西北内陆逐渐递减的等级式特征,但其发展水平指数的空间格局表现出均质化特征,其渗透指数呈现出由东部沿海向西北内陆逐渐递增的“逆等级”式空间格局。② 实体商业对O2O电子商务的发展具有显著约束力,但交通条件对其具有明显的促进作用,因此,中国O2O电子商务的空间发展更倾向遵循效率假说内涵,但也并非完全契合于该假说。③ 中国O2O电子商务“逆等级”式的空间格局对欠发达城市地区实体商业有更强的促进作用,这会引导中国宏观商业格局趋于均质化。     

生长速率假说及其在浮游动物营养动力学中的研究进展

生物体由元素组成,其生长、繁殖以及代谢过程均涉及营养元素的吸收、利用与储存。有机体的P含量决定了RNA的形成,并作用于核糖体,进而对蛋白质和生长速率产生影响。浮游动物体内P含量增加,以及C∶P和N∶P的降低,主要反映了不同生长速率下,富P的核糖体RNA含量的改变。关于生长速率假说（Growth Rate Hypothesis,GRH）的研究表明,在低C∶P、高P含量的饵料条件下,浮游动物C∶P和N∶P的稳态性特征发生改变,将获取的P分配至RNA中,增加蛋白质合成,提高生长速率;反之,浮游动物的次级生产力将会降低,C的同化效率和传递效率下降,进而对生态系统的C收支产生影响。加强浮游动物GRH的研究,有助于增强对生态系统C收支以及未来变化过程的认识。     

Identification of a surface layer structure and analysis of humidity data in two weather situations at Jodhpur (26°18′N, 73°04′E), India,during MONTBLEX 1990

The Monsoon Trough Boundary Layer Experiment held in 1990 was a multi-institutional effort to probe the atmospheric boundary layer over the monsoon trough over northern India. For this experiment, four micrometeorological towers were set up at four different locations along the normal position of the trough. One such tower of 30m height was located at Jodhpur (26‡18′N, 73‡04′E), Rajasthan. The fast and slow response data available during the experiment have been used in the present study to determine a suitable layer-structure of the surface layer for evaluation of sensible heat flux using the multilayer hypothesis of Kramm (1989).     

Bootstrap方法在遥感线性BRDF模型反演中的应用

在遥感反演中,通常假设反演参数和模型误差的先验分布服从正态分布,这个假设通常不太符合实际。为此,本文提出由Bootstrap方法估计反演参数和模型误差的先验分布的方案。同时对先验数据按照地物分类,统计假设检验表明将先验知识分类的合理性。最后,以RossThick-LiTransit核组合的线性核驱动BRDF模型为例,用NOAA-AVHRR观测数据对使用Bootstrap方法的反演算法进行试验,并与正态假设下的Tikhonov正则化反演和Bayes反演结果比较,说明对先验知识分类和使用Bootstrap方法的遥感反演方法能明显减小参数反演结果的不确定性,提高其可信度。     

从"全球冰川"到"雪球假说"——关于新元古代冰川事件的最新研究

新元古代冰期地层不同于显生宙冰期地层，近年来，一些学者提出了雪球假说，掀起了关于新元古代冰期环境特征与因演化的研究热潮，成为当前地学前沿的一个热门课题。本轮研究的一个突出特点，是它的高度综合性，涉及岩石圈，水圈，大气圈和生物圈，此外还牵攫到天体运行等学科。研究重点有新元古代冰川作用的低纬和低海拔特征。与Rodinia超大陆裂解的关系，冰室效应和温室效应的矛盾运动，海洋封冻的探索，碳酸盐岩岩帽的成因，碳，硫，锶等同位素的峰谷变化的环境含义，冰期地层中铁矿的成因，新元古代冰期的次数争议，雪球理论的数值模拟和冰期环境特征及其变化与生物演化，特别是与早寒武世生物大辐射的关系等。我国南方已成为研究新元古代冰期地层及其与寒武系生物大辐射关系的重要地区之一。     

Some Thoughts On Local Isotropy And The 4/3 Lateral To Longitudinal Velocity Spectrum Ratio

Applications of Kolmogorov's universal equilibrium hypothesis and the Taylor transform to velocity spectra derived from measurements within the low frequency portion of the atmospheric surface layer (ASL) inertial subrange are examined. The measured ratios of lateral to longitudinal velocity component spectra exhibit considerable scatter, but suggest convergence towards 1.0 rather than towards the 4/3 expected from theory. Shear and buoyancy introduce anisotropy to the inertial subrange, thereby contributing to the observed scatter. The apparent discrepancy between the 4/3 velocity component spectrum ratio expected from theory and the measurements could arise as a consequence of the processing used to produce spectra. These processing effects must be considered from the perspective of the propagating eddy. Spectral averaging used with sonic anemometer data is done over time periods that are large with respect to inertial subrange eddy correlation decay times. This averaging causes energy from larger scale eddies to appear as `local convection' that dominates the Taylor transform. Spectrum ratio convergence and cospectra approaching zero are necessary, but not sufficient, conditions for onset of local isotropy. Measurements of spectrum ratios and cospectra over the entire inertial subrange are needed to determine whether or not local isotropy might occur within the ASL.     

单个备选假设的可区分

根据单个备选假设的统计检验,详细导出了模型误差的可区分度公式,并论述了可区分度与可发现度及与Forstner法的关系。作为应用,可导出变形模型的可区分度及网的可区分标准,在监测网的设计中应用。