全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1035篇 |
免费 | 225篇 |
国内免费 | 260篇 |
专业分类
测绘学 | 79篇 |
大气科学 | 69篇 |
地球物理 | 737篇 |
地质学 | 396篇 |
海洋学 | 166篇 |
天文学 | 11篇 |
综合类 | 34篇 |
自然地理 | 28篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 1篇 |
2023年 | 8篇 |
2022年 | 29篇 |
2021年 | 37篇 |
2020年 | 55篇 |
2019年 | 51篇 |
2018年 | 55篇 |
2017年 | 53篇 |
2016年 | 58篇 |
2015年 | 58篇 |
2014年 | 67篇 |
2013年 | 89篇 |
2012年 | 78篇 |
2011年 | 70篇 |
2010年 | 61篇 |
2009年 | 76篇 |
2008年 | 73篇 |
2007年 | 84篇 |
2006年 | 61篇 |
2005年 | 52篇 |
2004年 | 58篇 |
2003年 | 46篇 |
2002年 | 41篇 |
2001年 | 41篇 |
2000年 | 37篇 |
1999年 | 35篇 |
1998年 | 29篇 |
1997年 | 23篇 |
1996年 | 29篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 10篇 |
1993年 | 10篇 |
1992年 | 10篇 |
1991年 | 4篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 5篇 |
1988年 | 4篇 |
1987年 | 2篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1984年 | 1篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1980年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1520条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
121.
Based on remote sensing snow water equivalent (SWE) data, the simulated SWE in 20C3M experiments from 14 models attending
the third phase of the Coupled Models for Inter-comparison Project (CMIP3) was first evaluated by computing the different
percentage, spatial correlation coefficient, and standard deviation of biases during 1979–2000. Then, the diagnosed ten models that
performed better simulation in Eurasian SWE were aggregated by arithmetic mean to project the changes of Eurasian SWE in
2002–2060. Results show that SWE will decrease significantly for Eurasia as a whole in the next 50 years. Spatially, significant
decreasing trends dominate Eurasia except for significant increase in the northeastern part. Seasonally, decreasing proportion will
be greatest in summer indicating that snow cover in warmer seasons is more sensitive to climate warming. However, absolute decreasing
trends are not the greatest in winter, but in spring. This is caused by the greater magnitude of negative trends, but smaller
positive trends in spring than in winter. The changing characteristics of increasing in eastern Eurasia and decreasing in western
Eurasia and over the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau favor the viewpoint that there will be more rainfall in North China and less in the
middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in summer. Additionally, the decreasing rate and extent with significant decreasing
trends under SRES A2 are greater than those under SRES B1, indicating that the emission of greenhouse gases (GHG) will speed
up the decreasing rate of snow cover both temporally and spatially. It is crucial to control the discharge of GHG emissions for
mitigating the disappearance of snow cover over Eurasia. 相似文献
122.
123.
This paper presents an investigation into various factors that may affect the ground response to multi-directional earthquake loading, focusing mainly on the behavior of vertical ground motion and its relation with the horizontal counterpart. The factors investigated herein include the intensity of input motion and the associated soil nonlinearity, the location of input motion (rock outcrop versus bedrock), the variation of water table, and the damping property of soil. Influence of these factors is studied on the characteristics of site amplification in both vertical and horizontal directions, the response spectra of vertical and horizontal ground surface motions, the spectral ratio between the two components (V/H) at the ground surface, and the distributions of stresses and strains in the ground. One of the main results is that varying water table can bring about a significant impact on vertical motion and the relationship between vertical and horizontal motions. The surface response spectral ratio (V/H) can largely exceed the rule-of-thumb value of 2/3 at low periods with lowering the water table, but does not appear to be substantially affected at long periods. 相似文献
124.
该文就总量控制工作进行理论探讨,提出控制平均浓度的排污等效模型,同时对计算区段控制浓度的确定进行定量化模型研究。该模型简便、易操作、实用性强,具有一定的理论意义和实用价值。 相似文献
125.
YAN Xinlu ZHANG Songhang TANG Shuheng LI Zhongcheng WANG Kaifeng YI Yongxiang DANG Feng HU Qiuping 《《地质学报》英文版》2019,93(3):692-703
The main methods of coalbed methane(CBM) development are drainage and depressurization, and a precise prediction of coal reservoir pressure is thus crucial for the evaluation of reservoir potentials and the formulation of reasonable development plans. This work established a new reservoir pressure prediction model based on the material balance equation(MBE) of coal reservoir, which considers the self-regulating effects of coal reservoirs and the dynamic change of equivalent drainage area(EDA). According to the proposed model, the reservoir pressure can be predicted based on reservoir condition data and the actual production data of a single well. Compared with traditional reservoir pressure prediction models which regard EDA as a fixed value, the proposed model can better predict the average pressure of reservoirs. Moreover, orthogonal experiments were designed to evaluate the sensitivity of reservoir parameters on the reservoir pressure prediction results of this proposed model. The results show that the saturation of irreducible water is the most sensitive parameter, followed by Langmuir volume and reservoir porosity, and Langmuir pressure is the least sensitive parameter. In addition, the pressure drop of reservoirs is negatively correlated with the saturation of irreducible water and the Langmuir volume, while it is positively correlated with porosity. This work analyzed the reservoir pressure drop characteristics of the CBM wells in the Shizhuangnan Block of the Qinshui Basin, and the results show that the CBM reservoir depressurization can be divided into three types, i.e., rapidly drop type, medium-term stability type, and slowly drop type. The drainage features of wells were reasonably interpreted based on the comprehensive analysis of the reservoir depressurization type; the latter was coupled to the corresponding permeability dynamic change characteristics, eventually proving the applicability of the proposed model. 相似文献
126.
该文以中国南方一厚碳酸盐岩覆盖区的RVSP三维地震勘探实例,对RVSP三维地震勘探观测系统和数据采集参数的确定、地面等效处理和波场分离等关键处理技术及地质效果进行了阐述和分析,说明了RVSP在克服表浅层复杂地质条件及环境条件对资料的影响及提高地震资料的分辨率有其特定的优势,同时也提出了RVSP三维地震在采集和处理过程中的难点。 相似文献
127.
J. Ignacio López-Moreno Leena Leppänen Bartłomiej Luks Ladislav Holko Ghislain Picard Alba Sanmiguel-Vallelado Esteban Alonso-González David C. Finger Ali N. Arslan Katalin Gillemot Aynur Sensoy Arda Sorman M. Cansaran Ertaş Steven R. Fassnacht Charles Fierz Christoph Marty 《水文研究》2020,34(14):3120-3133
Manually collected snow data are often considered as ground truth for many applications such as climatological or hydrological studies. However, there are many sources of uncertainty that are not quantified in detail. For the determination of water equivalent of snow cover (SWE), different snow core samplers and scales are used, but they are all based on the same measurement principle. We conducted two field campaigns with 9 samplers commonly used in observational measurements and research in Europe and northern America to better quantify uncertainties when measuring depth, density and SWE with core samplers. During the first campaign, as a first approach to distinguish snow variability measured at the plot and at the point scale, repeated measurements were taken along two 20 m long snow pits. The results revealed a much higher variability of SWE at the plot scale (resulting from both natural variability and instrumental bias) compared to repeated measurements at the same spot (resulting mostly from error induced by observers or very small scale variability of snow depth). The exceptionally homogeneous snowpack found in the second campaign permitted to almost neglect the natural variability of the snowpack properties and focus on the separation between instrumental bias and error induced by observers. Reported uncertainties refer to a shallow, homogeneous tundra-taiga snowpack less than 1 m deep (loose, mostly recrystallised snow and no wind impact). Under such measurement conditions, the uncertainty in bulk snow density estimation is about 5% for an individual instrument and is close to 10% among different instruments. Results confirmed that instrumental bias exceeded both the natural variability and the error induced by observers, even in the case when observers were not familiar with a given snow core sampler. 相似文献
128.
常规GPS/INS紧组合抗差自适应滤波只适用于卫星数≥4的情况,且预测残差构造自适应因子要求观测值可靠。针对该局限性,对常规抗差自适应滤波算法做出两点改进:1)采用两步滤波,用第1步常规EKF滤波残差构造第二步抗差算法的粗差判别量;2)在第2步滤波用预测残差构造自适应因子时,剔除异常观测值对应的预测残差和预测残差协方差,以削弱观测异常对自适应因子的不良影响。实验结果表明,常规抗差算法在卫星数4时不适用。常规自适应滤波算法在观测值存在异常的情况下无法正确修正模型异常。改进后的抗差自适应滤波算法在组合系统观测卫星数4且观测值存在异常的情况下,仍能正确修正观测粗差和动力学模型异常,能够达到良好的导航精度。 相似文献
129.
以江汉和江南西部地区春玉米为研究对象,利用研究区域内57个气象站1961-2012年的逐日降水量资料、春玉米生育期资料和春玉米涝渍灾情资料,筛选春玉米不同生育时期的涝渍灾害样本。采用多元线性回归分析方法,定量分析当前过程降水量和前期降水量对春玉米涝渍灾害的影响,并据此构建当量降水量。基于正态分布的Lilliefors检验和t-分布区间估计方法,计算不同生育时期、不同等级涝渍灾害的当量降水量指标阈值,由此构建该区域春玉米不同生育时期的涝渍灾害等级指标并进行独立样本验证。在此基础上,利用信息扩散理论风险评估方法,计算各站点的春玉米涝渍致灾风险指数。结果表明:当前过程降水量和前2旬降水量对该区域春玉米涝渍灾害有显著性影响;构建的区域春玉米涝渍等级指标能够较好地反映实际受灾情况,指标验证结果与历史记录有较高一致性;出苗-拔节期和拔节-抽雄期发生春玉米涝渍灾害的风险相对较低,抽雄-成熟期为春玉米涝渍灾害的高风险时期,高风险区域主要位于湖北省恩施市、宜昌市西南部、荆州市西南部以及湖南省张家界市北部。 相似文献
130.
This paper presents results from a full scale decay test made with a tanker in a relatively protected area in the Brazilian coast. In at least two tests the environmental loads (wind, waves and current) were very small and the time history of the surge motion was well behaved, making it possible to check some proposed models for the damping in the hull and mooring lines. Field data seem to confirm that the damping is indeed of the fluid viscosity type and the theoretical models are able to recover roughly 75% of the observed damping, the energy dissipation in the mooring lines being, by far, the major contribution. The remaining 25% are likely due to non modeled effects, such as the environment influence, which although small and not measured certainly exists, and to the friction between the mooring lines and the seabed. 相似文献