橄榄岩中尖晶石的O同位素继承性与晶体结构转换

应用增量法计算的矿物对O同位素分馏曲线，得到正尖晶石-矿物对O同位素温度高于尖晶石在地幔中的熔点，而用反尖晶石-矿物对计算的O同位素温度低于尖晶石的熔点，较为合理。因此，地幔橄榄岩中镁铝尖晶石的O同位素组成可能继承了其母体反尖晶石特征，即使反结构尖晶石在发生相变作用变成正结构尖晶石时未发生O同位素再平衡。     

Disequilibrium for Ca during growth of pelitic garnet

Compositional zoning in hundreds of almandine-rich garnets in amphibolite by facies micaceous quartzites from the Picuris Range, north-central New Mexico USA, indicates that although Mn, Mg and Fe achieve chemical equilibrium at hand-sample scale during garnet growth, Ca does not. Instead, Ca concentrations at the surface of growing garnets appear to depend strongly on kinetic factors that govern the local chemical environment, yielding disequilibrium for Ca at scales larger than the region immediately surrounding an individual porphyroblast. Detailed zoning profiles were obtained for 371 garnet crystals in a small volume of a single sample of garnetiferous quartzite, and core analyses were made of 97 additional crystals. Each analysis was made on a section that passed precisely through the morphological centre of the crystal, located by means of 3-D imagery from computed X-ray tomography. The data reveal strong correlations between crystal size and concentrations of Mn, Mg and Fe (but not Ca) in garnet cores; a relationship between crystal size and isolation; rigorous cross-correlations among concentrations of Mn, Mg and Fe (but not Ca); and systematic variations in Ca concentrations as a function of crystal size and core composition that are anomalous in comparison to the behaviour of the other divalent cations. We interpret these observations as the result of thermally accelerated diffusion-controlled garnet growth, in circumstances that promoted rapid intergranular diffusion and thus rock-wide equilibration of Mn, Mg and Fe, but that prevented equilibration at similar scale for Ca because of its more sluggish intergranular diffusion. The anomalous behaviour of Ca is made evident in these garnets by the presence of sharp spikes in Ca concentration, which are demonstrably not a consequence of any simultaneous rock-wide event, such as a change in pressure, temperature, or some other intensive parameter. Instead, Ca concentrations probably reflect the local extent of reaction in the immediate vicinity of each porphyroblast. To the degree that such kinetic factors introduce departures from chemical equilibrium for Ca, thermobarometric estimates that involve grossular contents of pelitic garnet will be in error.     

博斯腾湖的水盐平衡与矿化度

博斯腾湖曾是中国内陆区最大的淡水湖，因人类活动影响约在１９６８年演变为微咸水湖。本文依据湖泊水平衡太矿化度基本原理，结合博斯滕湖实际，分析计算了该湖各个时期的水盐平衡与矿化度；经推地整理，提出了预测矿化度的计算式，经检验与实测值基本吻合。     

流体的热力学前缘研究

总结了当前国内外关于流体的热力学前缘研究领域如下：（１）流体体系的ｐ－Ｖ－Ｔ－ｘ相关系研究，主要对象是Ｈ２Ｏ－ＣＯ２－盐类多组分体系高温高压下相图的实验和理论研究。（２）矿物在流体中的溶解度及溶解后在流体中溶解类型的形式和热力学性质——平衡常数（或Ｇｉｂｂｓ自由能）及各种偏摩尔性质的研究。（３）流体热力学模型化研究，已研制出大量的计算机软件，包括多种矿物、溶解类型的热力学数据库和模拟热液平衡、矿物溶解性质、反应路径和水—岩相互作用的实用程序。（４）超临界流体的相关系和化学反应等有许多特殊的性质，对认识地球内部的演化将有重要意义。（５）新技术新方法的发展，使分析单个矿物包裹体成分变成了现实。     

青藏高原东北地区现代降水中δD与δ^18O的关系研究

根据对取自青藏高原东北地区部分降水样中氢氧稳定同位素比率的分析，得到沱沱河站的大气水线（ＭＷＬ）为：δＤ＝８．２５δ＾１８Ｏ＋９．２２‰，与全球平均ＭＷＬ的差别较小；德令哈、西宁站的ＭＷＬ分别为：δＤ＝５．８６δ＾１８Ｏ－２７．２８‰和δＤ＝６．９６δ＾１８Ｏ－３０．１９‰，均与全球平均ＭＷＬ差别较大。这主要归因于水汽源地的非平衡蒸发和凝结物在非饱和大气中降落时的非平衡蒸发。上述地区的过量氘Ｅｘｄ     

High Pressure-Differential Thermal Analysis and Ultrasonic Wave Amplitude Analysis of Ice-Water Equilibrium at 1.5-5.0GPa

Water is the most active component in all geological systems.It has an important effect on the physical properties of minerals and melts.It also plays a key role in the evolution of the Earth.Accurate thermodynamics data on water are currently confined to pressures below 1.0GPa and temperatures below 900℃.Presented in this paper are new data available on the P-T properties of water at pressures up to 5.0GPa,develoged from differential thermal analysis and ultrasonic wave amplitude analysis.It has been found that there may exist another ternary point at 3.0GPa and that ultrasonic wave amplitude change of ice-water transition shows two inflection points above 2.0GPa, consistent with the two peaks of differential thermal curves above 2.0GPa .It may be a new phenomenon which needs further study.     

从天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川变化估计近百年来该地区夏季升温

通过冰川波动历史来揭示气候变化是一种重要的方法。然而，以往有关这一方面的研究大都是一些定性的。文章试图依据冰种变化来定量的研究气候变化，并且通过近百年来天山乌鲁木齐河源１号冰川的变化，揭示出本世纪以来该河源地区夏季气温上升约０．２３￣０．２５℃，同时，对于该冰川不同长度规模时的气候敏感性也进行了讨论。     

AN APPARENT TEMPERATURE MODEL BASED ON THERMAL EQUILIBRIUM

In this paper,a comprehensive analysis and review of the advances in the research of human body comfort degree is made.Based on the studies of human thermal equilibrium theories contributed by previous researchers,different apparent temperature models corresponding to different environments are set up in accordance with the current situation and the characteristics of metabolism in different groups of people in China.After case studies and comparison with present dominant human body comfort degree statistical models,it is proved that the apparent temperature models have high rationality and wide adaptability.Furthermore,the comfort scaling standard according to apparent temperature is suggested,which is suitable for the middle latitude regions in China.     

建筑密集区高倾角三维地震勘探效果

高倾角地区(地层倾角40～70°)一直是三维地震勘探的难题,特别是在地表建筑物极复杂区(占工区的95%)实施三维地震勘探,显得难度更大。本文从观测系统设计、炮点、检波器的特殊布设及特观设计上,论证了其可行性。对高倾角且建筑物密集区的三维地震勘探进行了探索,并取得了可喜的成果。     

钱家店铀矿床U-Ra平衡系数特征研究

本文探讨了可地浸砂岩型铀矿U-Ra平衡系数的计算方法，研究了钱家店砂岩型铀矿床U-Ra平衡系数的变化特征。这些成果为钱家店铀矿床放射性测井数据的修正、矿体边界的确定、铀矿资源量的计算提供了科学依据。