D001改性树脂脱氟剂的制备及脱氟研究

研究了D001改性树脂脱氟剂的制备以及离子交换方式、酸洗、铁交换量等对脱氟剂饱和吸附量的影响，同时探讨了共存离子对脱氟效果的影响和D001改性树脂脱氟剂可能的脱氟机理。实验结果表明，改性离子的交换方式、酸洗以及树脂载铁量对脱氟效果有一定的影响，采用酸洗和动态交换方式可显著增大脱氟剂的脱氟效果；共存离子对该脱氟剂的脱氟效果没有明显地影响，研究还揭示了该脱氟剂的脱氟机理和操作简单、易再生、能重复使用和不产生二次污染的特点。     

古钱币中铜、锡、铅的测定

为配合辽宁省钱币学会考古研究工作，本文拟定了一个测定古钱币中铜、锡、铅的分析方法。该方法具有取样量少，操作方便，结果准确的特点，用于３２枚古钱币中铜、锡、铅的测定，分析结果理想。     

Use of Chelating Resin YPA4 Micro-Columns for the On-Line Preconcentration and Separation of Gold(III), Silver(I), Palladium(II) and Platinum(IV) in Geological and Environmental Samples and Their Determination by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry

A simple and selective method of flow injection (FI) using a micro-column packed with chelating resin YPA₄ as solid phase extractant was developed for the preconcentration and separation of trace amount of noble metals, Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) and Pt(IV), followed by ICP-AES determination. In HNO₃ media, the chelating resin was selective towards Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) and Pt(IV), and the analysed ions were readily desorbed quantitatively with 5 ml of 2.5% m/v thiourea. Effects of acidity, sample flow rate and concentration, elution solution and interfering ions on the recovery of the analytes were systematically investigated. Under optimum conditions, the adsorption capacities of YPA₄ for Au(III), Ag(I), Pd(II) and Pt(IV) were 67.2, 43.1, 64.8 and 27.6 mg per gram of resin in HNO₃ media, respectively. It was found that YPA₄ could be used for more than eight runs in HNO₃ media without loss of capacity. The proposed method was used for the determination of trace noble metals in geological and environmental samples, and the analytical results obtained were in good agreement with the recommended values.     

Pulp and paper mill pollution and subsequent ecosystem recovery of a large boreal lake in Finland: a paleolimnological analysis

Sedimentary diatom frustules and chironomid remains, in addition to the chemical stratigraphy of 32 elements and resin acids, were studied from short-core samples taken from two basins and a sheltered bay of Lake Päijänne in southern Finland (about 61 °10–62 °15 N, 25 °30 E). The lake was formerly oligotrophic but has been subject to effluent loading from pulp and paper mills during the past century since the opening of the first pulp mill in the 1880s. Four developmental phases were distinguished and named mainly according to the effects found in the basin close to the pollution source: (1) the pre-industrial phase (from the 1800s to ca. 1920), including the early years of industrialization, with low impacts; (2) the phase of increasing pollution (ca. 1920–1969); (3) the phase of severe pollution (1970–1981); and (4) the water protection phase (1982 onwards).Distinct differences were observed between pelagic (diatoms) and benthic (chironomid) ecosystems in their response to pollution. Effluent loading from the pulp and paper mills had a pronounced impact on chironomid assemblages, but only a slight influence on diatoms in the basin close to the pollution source. In the southern basin, approximately 60 km downstream, an increase in acidophilous species was observed in the diatom assemblages during the early years of pollution, but changes in chironomids in this basin were negligible. The water protection work of the past 30 years, which has led to an improvement in water quality and a marked recovery of the profundal biota, has also resulted in a slight increase in primary production of the lake. The decrease in brown-coloured effluent water has led to an increase in thickness of the lake's photic productive layer, while the toxicity of the water has simultaneously diminished. Rapid changes in chironomid assemblages and sedimentation observed in the sheltered bay highlight the importance of local land-use activities as causes of environmental change in this area, and especially their effects on sedimentation and benthic life.     

从废旧钴钐磁性材料中分离钴和单一镨,钕,钐的条件研究

本文用ＣＬ－Ｐ５０７萃淋树脂作为萃取色层的固定朴要研究了经Ｄ２３５阴离子树脂交换分离钴后和稀土镨钕钐的分离，对洗脱剂，洗脱条件进行了探讨，并选择出最佳分离条件。     

Preparation,Characterization of a Novel Chelating Resin Functionalized with o‐Hydroxybenzamide and Its Application for Preconcentration of Trace Metal Ions

A stable extractor of metal ions was synthesized through azo linking of o‐hydroxybenzamide (HBAM) with Amberlite XAD‐4 (AXAD‐4) and was characterized by elemental analyses, IR spectral, and thermal studies. Its water regain value and hydrogen ion capacity were found to be 12.93 and 7.68 mmol g^?1, respectively. The optimum pH range (with the half‐loading time [min], t_1/2) for Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions were 2.0–4.0 (5.5), 2.0–4.0 (7.0), 2.0–4.0 (8.0), 4.0–6.0 (9.0), 4.0–6.0 (12.0), and 2.0–4.0 (15.0), respectively. Comparison of breakthrough and overall capacities of the metals ascertains the high degree of column utilization (>70%). The overall sorption capacities for Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) ions were found to be 0.29, 0.22, 0.20, 0.16, 0.13, and 0.11 mmol g^?1 with the corresponding preconcentration factor of 400, 380, 380, 360, 320, and 320, respectively. The limit of preconcentration was in the range of 5.0–6.3 ng mL^?1. The detection limit for Cu(II), Cr(III), Ni(II), Co(II), Zn(II), and Pb(II) were found to be 0.39, 0.49, 0.42, 0.59, 0.71, and 1.10 ng mL^?1, respectively. The AXAD‐4‐HBAM has been successfully applied for the analysis of natural water, multivitamin formulation, infant milk substitute, hydrogenated oil, urine, and fish.     

从铀矿石浸出液中回收钼的实验方法

本文系统地研究了201×7阴离子交换树脂从铀矿石酸性浸出液中吸附铀、钼的吸附酸度,选择出最佳淋洗铀、钼的淋洗剂;采用不同的淋洗剂分步解吸的方法,使铀和钼分离,用沉淀法以氯化钙为沉淀剂,使淋洗合格液中钼生成钼酸钙沉淀;对沉淀酸度和沉淀剂用量进行优选,在选择的最佳条件下生成钼酸钙沉淀率为99%,钼酸钙产品中的钼质量分数≥30%为合格的产品。     

树脂柱串联法分离地质样品中Sr-Nd-U

Sr、Nd、U等同位素体系被广泛应用于地球表生过程中年代测定及物源示踪等研究, 高效地分离这些同位素体系,对于推广这些同位素方法的应用具有重要现实意义。若要同时分析地质样品中Sr、Nd、U三种元素的同位素,现有方法往往需要消解两份样品,一份用于Sr-Nd而另一份用于U的分离提纯。这种方法不但增加了样品用量,而且需要多次蒸干溶液转换介质,既延长了分离流程也增加了样品被污染的风险。为了提高样品利用率和分析效率,本文通过将树脂柱串联改进了分离流程,提出一种仅需消解一份样品,便可同时提取Sr、Nd、U三种元素的新方法。本方法中Sr的分离采用Sr特效树脂,包含Nd在内的稀土元素(REE)的分离采用AG50W-X8树脂,U的分离采用UTEVA特效树脂。实验中将三种树脂柱串联,采用3mol/L硝酸淋洗液淋洗,同步进行平衡树脂、上样、洗杂志,避免了蒸干操作。分离后的淋出液使用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)测试元素含量。结果表明：U的回收率接近99.9%,Sr的回收率超过90%,Nd的回收率超过80%;同时三种树脂柱串联的分离流程,主要基体元素(K、Ca、Na、Ba、Fe、Rb等)的去除率均超过99%,降低了对Sr、Nd、U高精度同位素分析的干扰;REE中的Sm则可以通过后续使用Ln树脂等进一步去除。此外,本文还交换了Sr特效树脂和UTEVA树脂的位置,比对两种不同串联顺序对分离结果的影响,结果表明两种树脂柱串联顺序对目标元素的分离并无显著影响。使用该方法可以有效地实现Sr、Nd、U的分离,在减少操作步骤的同时节省约一半的样品用量,提高了同位素分析效率。     

离子交换树脂富集分离、火焰原子吸收光度法测定地质样品微量金

试验了四十多种常见存元及贵金属元素对富集和测定的影响。拟定了一个灵敏、快速、准确、成本低廉的地质样品中微量金的测定方法。结果令人满意，本法适用于一般地质样品中w(Au)/10^-6;0.05-50的测定。     

N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)丙烯酰胺的合成

以1,2-二甲氧基苯和N-羟甲基丙烯酰胺为原料,通过傅-克烷基化反应,合成了含辣素衍生结构的丙烯酰胺类功能单体-N-(3,4-二甲氧基苄基)丙烯酰胺(DMBA),并通过元素分析I、R光谱和1HNMR波谱对其结构进行了表征。将该单体与丙烯酸酯类单体共聚制备了DMBA丙烯酸树脂,初步研究了树脂的防污性能。