新西兰科罗曼德尔半岛金（铜）矿床地质特征、成因及找矿意义

新西兰科罗曼德尔半岛火山岩带是世界知名的浅成低温热液型金矿成矿省,也是新西兰最为重要的金银矿矿集区,在环太平洋成矿带内占有重要的地位。科罗曼德尔半岛浅成低温热液型金矿主要赋存于科罗曼德尔群中新世安山岩和英安岩中,矿化类型主要为石英脉型和角砾岩型2种。矿床的成矿流体特征表现出明显的大气降水特征,并显示有少量的岩浆水加入,成矿物质具岩浆来源特征,为石英±方解石±冰长石±伊利石亚型浅成低温热液型金矿。区内金矿成矿时代为16．3-2．0Ma,主要集中于7．0-6．0Ma之间,金矿的大规模形成与诺特兰德火山弧与科尔维一劳火山弧共同作用有关,区域构造背景由挤压转变为伸展环境的转折期,为金矿形成的高峰期。区内零星出露与浅成低温热液型金矿化有关的斑岩型铜矿化表明,该地区具有较好的斑岩型铜矿化潜力。     

Fluid Inclusion and Stable Isotope Studies at Don Sixto,a Precious Metal Low Sulfidation Deposit in Mendoza Province,Argentina

The Don Sixto mining area in Mendoza province, central‐western Argentina, contains an epithermal low sulfidation Au–Ag deposit. It is a small deposit (～4 km²), with a gold resource of 36 t. In Don Sixto, ore minerals are disseminated in the hydrothermal quartz veins and hydrothermally altered volcanic‐pyroclastic rock units of Permian–Triassic age. On the basis of the texture, ore mineral paragenesis and cross cutting relationship of gangue minerals, seven stages of mineralization were recognized and described. The first six stages are characterized by quartz veins with minor amounts of base metal minerals and the last stage is represented by fluorite veins with minimal quantities of base metal minerals; the precious metal mineralization is mainly related to the fourth stage. The hydrothermal veins exhibit mainly massive, crustiform and comb infilling textures; the presence of bladed quartz replacement textures and quartz veins with adularia crystals are indicative of boiling processes in the system. Fluid inclusion and complementary stable isotope studies were performed in quartz, fluorite, and pyrite samples from the vein systems. The microthermometric data were obtained from primary, biphasic (liquid‐vapor) fluid inclusion assemblages in quartz and fluorite. The maximum values for salinity and homogenization temperature (T_h) came from the stage IV where quartz with petrographic evidence of boiling has average values of 4.96 wt% NaCl_equiv. and 286.9°C respectively. The lower values are related to the last stage of mineralization, where the fluid inclusions in fluorite have average salinities of 1.05 wt% NaCl_equiv. and average homogenization temperatures of 173.1°C. The oxygen and sulfur isotopic fractionation was analyzed in quartz and pyrite. The calculated isotopic fractionation for oxygen in the hydrothermal fluid is in the range of δ¹⁸O_H2O = ?6.92 up to ?3.08‰, which indicates dominance of a meteoric source for the water, while sulfur reaches δ³⁴S_H2S = 1.09‰, which could be reflecting a possible magmatic, or even a mixed source.     

大兴安岭中南段昌图锡力锰、银、铅、锌多金属矿床的发现及其意义

中国地质调查局天津地质调查中心与黑龙江省地质调查研究总院齐齐哈尔分院合作,在内蒙古霍林郭勒地区发现昌图锡力锰、银、铅、锌多金属矿床。矿床所在大地构造位置为中亚造山带东段,矿床产于中生代白音高老组中发育的北西向破碎蚀变带中。经地表槽探揭露可见7条矿脉沿北西向平行展布。矿体及围岩中仅发现低温蚀变,主要包括硅化、绢云母化、绿泥石化、褐铁矿化及碳酸盐化。根据蚀变矿物类型及矿体强烈受北西向构造控制等特征,初步判断矿床可能为浅成低温热液矿床。在大兴安岭中南段首次发现锰多金属热液矿床,暗示在太平洋构造域控制下,大兴安岭中南段北东向成矿带内部可能存在受北西向构造控制的次级成矿带。     

华北克拉通北缘浅成低温热液矿床:时空分布和构造环境

华北克拉通北缘是一条近东西向的浅成低温热液成矿带，总结该成矿带金／银矿床的地质地球化学特征，初步确定矿床产于克拉通基底之上的中生代火山盆地，并集中分布于辽吉地块、燕山山脉和太行山北端，断裂构造和火山机构控制了矿床定位；矿床和成矿岩浆岩的同位素年龄集中在170Ma～100Ma；成矿流体以大气水为主，混有岩浆热液；成矿物质主要来自前寒武纪变质基底，并有盖层物质混入。讨论表明，本成矿带不可能是太平洋板块、古亚洲洋板块或蒙古-鄂霍茨克板块俯冲的直接产物，而是西伯利亚与华北古板块碰撞所致，成矿岩浆-流体系统可能起源于同碰撞期的陆内俯冲，成岩成矿作用爆发于碰撞构造演化的挤压-伸展转变体制。     

Sediment‐Hosted Gold Deposits in Southeast Asia

Sediment‐hosted gold (SHG) deposits are becoming more widely recognized in the Southeast Asian region. They are characterized by very fine‐grained gold, typically occurring in stratabound jasperoid replacement and structurally controlled orebodies in calcareous or carbonaceous sedimentary rocks, which are commonly distal to porphyry copper–gold deposits. Gold mineralization is associated with anomalous As‐Sb‐Hg‐Tl and is normally concentrated in the arsenic‐rich rims of pyrite and arsenopyrite grains (commonly refractory). The examples discussed in this paper are located in Southeast Asian countries, and all occur in island or continental arc terrains. SHG deposits have many features comparable to the Carlin deposits in Nevada; however, they differ in tectonic setting, their shallow level of emplacement, fluid composition, and probable metal source. As such, the Southeast Asian examples described in this compilation may be classified as “Carlin‐like” but not “Carlin‐type.” Furthermore, they appear to represent a subclass of low‐temperature epithermal deposits, with most occurrences showing late‐stage colloform quartz vein events. Indeed, they are better described as sediment‐hosted epithermal gold deposits. Several examples are multimillion ounce deposits, such as Sepon, Laos, with its endowment of more than 4 million ounces of gold. Mesel, Sulawesi, and Bau (Jugan and Tai Parit), Sarawak, also possessed multimillion ounce resources prior to mining. Two centuries of Chinese alluvial and eluvial mining at Buduk in northwest Kalimantan has produced a significant unrecorded amount of gold. Structurally controlled feeder zones frequently contain higher‐grade gold mineralization (e.g. Mesel), and constitute valid exploration targets. More recently discovered deposits, such as those in Myanmar (Gegalaw, Taungzaw, and Katsena) and the Philippines (Hijo and Las Cogon), remain to be thoroughly explored. Most of the deposits (Sepon, Mesel, Abong, Sihayo, Jugan, Tai Parit, Hijo, and Lascogon) can be directly linked spatially and genetically to gold–copper porphyry intrusive centers. It is postulated that localities with no obvious connection to known porphyry deposits (Buduk, Ban Bak, Kyaukpahto, Gegalaw, Taungzaw, and Katsena) may represent district‐scale exploration targets for porphyry copper–gold deposits. In terms of discovery techniques, of the 13 SHG deposits discussed here, several were sites of historical mining (Mesel, Bau, and Kyaukpahto). The majority, however, are virgin deposits discovered in the past 25 years by intuitive area selection followed by systematic regional geochemical exploration programs and routine geological inspections. At the project scale, electrical resistivity techniques, such as controlled‐source audio frequency magnetotellurics (CSAMT) and induced polarization (IP), have proven to be useful for mapping blind jasperoid bodies and associated feeder zones and silicified structures. Traditional field mapping and stream float sampling in tropical regions are also effective exploration tools. Deposits that have significant jasperoid development may have conspicuous positive topographic relief, depending on erosion level.     

浙江中生代浅成热液金银成矿系统的自组织与耗散结构

浙江中生代浅成热液金银矿床多具明显的热液蚀变 (矿化 )分带—自组织结构。通过对围岩蚀变—矿化过程中的W /R(水 /岩 )比值、元素的带出 (λ)量[EO(I)A] ,熵变 (ΔS)、成矿成岩时差(Δti)和S°298/di(标准熵 /离子密度 )比值、盐度 (St)、P(压力 )、fs2(硫逸度 )和fo2(氧逸度 )、δ18OH2O 和δD、206Pb/204Pb和207Pb/204Pb值等变化的研究 ,表明浅成热液金银成矿系统是一个非平衡 (距热力学平衡态有一定距离 )的开放系统 ,矿床都是在开放环境下成矿流体通过能量的不断耗散并与围岩发生物质交换的一种自组织过程中形成的 ,具耗散结构的特征。一般W/R、EO(I)A和Δti与S°298/di∝MSOD(成矿系统开放程度 )。也就是说 ,围岩蚀变 -矿化过程中W /R比值、元素的带出(入 )量和Δti与S°298/di比值及ΔS值较大 ,一般成矿系统的开放程度也较高 ,成矿一般也较有利     

Geology of Gold Ore Deposits in Western Linyi of Shandong Province,China

Western Linyi of Shandong Province is one of the most important gold ore mineralization concentration areas. Mesozoic gold ore deposits in this area can be subdivided into two types: magmatic hydrothermal and epithermal gold deposits. The occurrences of gold ore bodies are controlled by structures. Related subvolcanic rocks can be subdivided into high potassium calc-alkali series and alkaline series. These two types of subvolcanic rocks are of different geochemical features and different sources. The high potassium calc-alkali rocks are derived from enriched mantle and contribute to the formation of magmatic hydrothermal gold ore deposits including skarn gold-copper ore deposit and porphyry gold ore deposit. Alkaline rocks are derived from lower crust and they host epithermal gold deposits. Comprehensive studies show that there is no evolutionary or transitional relationship temporally and genetically between the epithermal gold deposit and the high temperature magma hydrothermal gold deposit in the western Linyi.     

新疆东天山照壁山金铅锌多金属矿床地质特征及矿床成因

照壁山金铅锌多金属矿床位于东天山博格达岛弧带中部,是近年来新发现的矿床。矿体赋存于柳树沟组第三岩性段火山岩-火山碎屑岩中,以脉状、浸染状矿化为主,发育硅化、明矾石化蚀变,其成矿过程可分为3个阶段：(1)石英-黄铁矿-毒砂阶段(Ⅰ);(2)石英-金-黄铁矿-闪锌矿-方铅矿阶段(Ⅱ);(3)石英-黄铁矿-黄铜矿阶段(Ⅲ)。赋矿围岩为双峰式火山岩组合,玄武岩高Mg(Mg^#=36.25%～58.77%)、富钠贫钾(w(Na₂O/K₂O)=1.95～27.35),铝饱和指数(A/CNK)在1.25～1.69之间,属过铝质拉斑玄武岩系列,较高的La/Nb(2.49～3.83)、Ba/Nb(41.00～315.38)、Ba/La(14.50～92.45)比值,反映了玄武质岩浆受到了一定的地壳物质混染,Rb、Ba、K等元素相对富集,Th、Nb、Ta等元素相对亏损,具有板内玄武岩的特征;流纹岩具有较高的全碱含量(w(Na₂O+K₂O)=9.50～12.45),属钾玄岩系列,轻微富集轻稀土,富集R...     

内蒙古苏尼特右旗毕力赫金矿床成矿地质特征

毕力赫金矿床产在华北板块北部边缘成矿带之白乃庙构造岩浆活化带内,是近年新发现的金矿床.金矿化发生在火山杂岩侵入体与围岩接触的破碎蚀变带中,与硅化、钾长石化围岩蚀变作用密切相关.矿体严格受蚀变带控制,呈透镜状、囊状、板状等,向南东方向侧伏.成矿流体为低盐度流体,成矿温度属于中低温.矿床成因类型为与次火山岩有关的浅成低温热液型.     

西藏多龙矿集区典型矿床(点)矿化特征与成矿作用对比研究

西藏多龙矿集区是近年来中国新发现的具有世界级潜力的铜金矿集区。该矿集区现已查明多不杂、波龙、拿若和铁格隆南4个大型-超大型矿床,并新发现地堡那木岗和拿顿矿点。文章对上述矿床(点)脉体、蚀变、矿化和流体特征开展了系统研究和对比。结果表明,多不杂、波龙和拿若矿床矿化类型以斑岩型为主,同时钾硅酸盐化、绢英岩化、青磐岩化等蚀变广泛发育,而铁格隆南矿床除上述蚀变类型外,还叠加有高级泥化蚀变,并发育与之相关的浅成低温热液型矿化。根据脉体特征对比和流体包裹体温压计算推测,上述4个矿床矿化类型的差异可能由剥蚀深度的差异所引起(前三者剥蚀深度约为2～3 km,后者约为1～1.5 km)。此外,地堡那木岗矿点蚀变类型以绢英岩化、泥化为主,该矿点发育与斑岩型金矿中类似的深色条带状石英脉,指示该地区可能存在斑岩型金矿。拿顿矿点为典型的高硫型浅成低温热液型矿化,铜金矿体赋存于角砾岩筒中。野外地质调查表明,上述矿点地表蚀变岩盖(Lithocaps)发育,并且蚀变岩盖空间分布位置与下伏铜金矿体表现出良好的匹配关系,可有效地指导找矿勘查工作。流体包裹体实验进一步表明,铜金元素在斑岩型矿化中的沉淀可能与温度降低和氧逸度的变化有关,而在浅成低温热液型矿化中的沉淀则受控于温度的降低和流体的不混溶作用。最后,在前人年代学研究基础上,结合本次实验结果构建了该地区与成矿作用有关的时空演化模型。