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861.
Shennan Ian Tooley Michael Green Frances Innes Jim Kennington Kevin Lloyd Jeremy Rutherford Mairead 《Geologie en Mijnbouw》1998,77(3-4):247-262
Analyses of geomorphologically contrasting sites in Morar, NW Scotland, describe the forcing mechanisms of coastal change. Isolation basins (i.e. basins behind rock sills and now isolated from the sea following isostatic uplift) accumulated continuous marine and freshwater sediments from c.12 to 2 ka BP. Raised dune, marsh and wetland sites register breaching, migration and stability of dunes from c. 9 to 2 ka BP. High-resolution methods designed to address issues of macroscale and microscale sea-level changes and patterns of storminess include 1-mm sampling for pollen, dinocyst and diatom analyses, infra-red photography, X-ray photography and thin-section analysis. The data enhance the record of relative sea-level change for the area. Major phases of landward migration of the coast occurred during the period of low sea-level rise in the mid-Holocene as the rate of rise decreased from c. 3 to < 1 mm/year. Relative sea-level change controls the broad pattern of coastal evolution at each site; local site-specific factors contribute to short-term process change. There is no record of extreme events such as tsunami. Within a system of dynamic metastable equilibrium, the Holocene records show that site-specific factors determine the exact timing of system breakdown, e.g. dune breaching, superimposed on regional sea-level rise. The global average sea-level rise of 3 to 6 mm/yr by AD 2050 predicted by IPCC would only partly be offset in the Morar area by isostatic uplift of about 1 mm/yr. A change from relative sea-level fall to sea-level rise, in areas where the regional rate of uplift no longer offsets global processes, is a critical factor in the management of coastal resources. 相似文献
862.
Reform of Carbonate Rock Subsurface by Crustose Lichens and Its Environmental Significance 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
CAO Jianhua WANG FuxingInstitute of Karst Geology Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences Guilin Guanxi Xiao Pinfang Liu Xinzhu 《《地质学报》英文版》1998,72(1):94-99
Crustose lichens are distributed extensively in karst areas in Southern China. They can be found on the surface of carbonate rocks. Through biophysical and biochemical processes, crustose lichens reform the subsurface of carbonate rocks and in the meanwhile change their physical and chemical properties: (1) the mechanical strength decreases by 17.04° on average (up to 33.2° ); (2) the chemical solution surface area increases from 28.26% to 75.36% (lichen microholes considered only); and (3) the water-holding capacity is greatly improved. Comparative field experiments between biokarst samples underneath crustose lichens and fresh rock samples with the same composition and texture show that the corrosional rate of carbonate rocks of the former is 1.264-1.643 times higher than that of the latter. Crustose lichens are considered as an activator of the surface corrosion of carbonate rocks. 相似文献
863.
我国的主要成矿区带上有着丰富的航空物探资料,而这些资料多以模拟方式进行记录,所以,我们在日常工作中所收集到的资料多是平面剖面图或平面等值线图。提供一种用数字化对平面剖面图进行数据提取的方法,为平面剖面图的二次利用提供了条件。 相似文献
864.
从地方病和环境污染性疾病看微量元素与钙的关系 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
从地方病和环境污染性疾病看微量元素与钙的关系李广生井玲(白求恩医科大学,长春130021)关键词微量元素钙地方病环境污染性疾病我国几种主要地方病都与一定的微量元素有关,这已为大家所熟知。而值得重视的是,除了微量元素之外,它们又都在某些环节上与宏量元素... 相似文献
865.
The Judea Group, a limestone and dolomite karstic aquifer of late Albian–Turonian age, is one of the most important sources
of water in Israel. In the western part of the country, the Judea Group aquifer is also known as the Yarkon–Taninim basin.
In the northern Negev, the Judea Group is a recipient for fresh water flowing southward from the Hebron Mountains and of brackish
paleowater flowing northward from Sinai. Very little is known of the hydraulic properties of this aquifer. In order to outline
assumed natural flow paths that existed in this karstic environment prior to groundwater exploitation, use was made of lithological,
structural, and paleomorphological features. A detailed hydrogeological conceptual model of the Judea Group aquifer in northern
Negev was established by the geological interpretation of high-resolution seismic reflection and by analysis of lithological
evidence from boreholes. Isopach, isolith-contour, and isolith-ratio maps were compiled for the main lithological components.
Increase in transmissivity values is inversely proportional with the cumulative thickness of argillaceous components. The
lithological and hydraulic evidence provides the basis for subdividing the subsurface into distinctive permeability zones
for the upper and lower sections of the aquifer; for outlining possible preferential groundwater flow paths for both subaquifers;
and for improving understanding of groundwater-salinty variations that result from lithological variability, direction of
groundwater flow paths, groundwater flow rates, and the duration of rock/water interactions. In an earlier conceptual model
of the basin, the Judea Group aquifer was regarded as a continuous and undisturbed entity. The present study reveals an intricate
groundwater flow pattern that is controlled by lithological and structural factors that create zones of preferential flow.
This interpretation bears on the overall evaluation of groundwater resources and their management and exploitation.
Received, December 1996 · Revised, October 1997, June 1998 · Accepted, July 1998 相似文献
866.
Han Zaisheng 《Hydrogeology Journal》1998,6(3):416-420
Groundwater plays an important role for urban and industrial water supply in northern China. More than 1000 groundwater wellfields
have been explored and installed. Groundwater provides about half the total quantity of the urban water supply. Complete regulations
and methods for the exploration of groundwater have been established in the P.R. China. Substantial over-exploitation of groundwater
has created environmental problems in some cities. Some safeguarding measures for groundwater-resource protection have been
undertaken.
Received, August 1997 · Revised, February 1998 · Accepted, April 1998 相似文献
867.
868.
869.
1987~1995年对降水、黑河水和古日乃草原地下水作了定位观测,在巴丹吉林沙漠水文探险中采集了沙漠和戈壁地下水及湖水.降水同位素组成δD~δ18O与Craig线相同,但发现了地下水的δD~δ18D关系平行于降水线且有氘盈余为负且达-22‰的异常,其成因不明.由地表、地下水环境同位素组成,分析了黑河治理规划实施后可能对地下水资源产生的工程影响,它近期不会成为古日乃草原沙漠化进程的因素,但对额济纳绿洲的影响却不容忽视. 相似文献
870.
环境污染调查中磁与电磁测量新技术的应用 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
探查和监测废弃埋藏物的污染状况是环境灾害调查的重要内容,而采用地球物理探测方法进行调查通常是最为经济、快速有效的。西方发达国家近年应用物探新方法技术在环境灾害监测、废弃埋藏物调查方面取得了很好的效果,为环境保护部门提供了可靠的资料。文中介绍美国最近几年采用高精度磁测和电磁测量进行浅层(埋深小于4m)废弃金属埋藏物、战争遗留物(如炸弹)及化学污染物的调查新方法与新技术。研究结果表明,采用下列方法将有效地增强环境污染源的异常信号,提高物探方法在环境灾害调查中的探测能力:高分辨率的测量仪器,如精度达001nT的航空磁力仪,进行数据采集并辅以GPS定位;降低飞行高度、加密测网布置精细网格;采用校正和滤波等手段消除噪声干扰,并通过物理模拟和数值反演作出定量解释;航空磁测、电磁测量与地面磁梯度、地质雷达等不同方法配合等。 相似文献