海洋环境污染生物修复技术研究

全球范围内的海洋生态环境恶化,不仅危及海洋经济发展,而且已影响到了人类生存环境和健康。本文根据我国近海海洋环境质量现状,探讨了生物修复技术在海洋环境污染治理中的应用,并提出了工程海藻培育技术研究的有关建议,以期为海洋环境的保护及资源的可持续开发提供新的方法和技术。     

Environmental evolution of Gongwang Mountains during Holocene in northeastern Yunnan, China

This paper presents the study on two continuous glacio-lacustrine sedimentary deposits, Laotanfang （3 597 m） and Shibantang （3 689 m） located on the southern and northern sides of Hulifang peak in Yunan, China. Environmental change indexes are constructed for each deposit, based on grain size, geochemical and pollen analysis, environmental magnetic susceptibility, and 14C dating. The study of climatic environmental change since the Holocene epoch in this region shows that the climate fluctuated at different stages during the early Holocene, that is, the climate was cool and wet during 8.4-7. 7r ka, cold and wet during 7.7-6. 5 ka, cold and dry during 6. 5-4.7 ka, cool and wet during 4.7-2. 1 ka, warm and wet during 2. 1-1.0 ka, and warmer and wet since 1 ka. These findings reflect the overlapping influences of the southwest and southeast monsoons in different times during the Holocene in the north part of southwestern China are in accord with other Holocene climate change models in this part of China.     

浙江省萧山北部地区农业地质环境调查成果

萧山北部地区农业地质环境调查从氮磷钾的合理配比和微量元素合理施用方面为农业生产科学施肥提供了科学的依据 ;从制定农田耕作层的保护措施 ,控制化肥施用 ,实行平衡施施肥 ,降低农田灌溉水的污染 ,充分发挥肥效等方面 ,提出了保护土地资源、实施“沃土计划” ;根据农业地质的基础资料进行了农业环境保护区划 ,将本区划分为沿江陆域岸线保护带、萧山南沙大堤保护带和农业环境保护区 ;并提出要加强钱塘江海堤建设 ,防治地质灾害的发生     

黑河上游山地土壤容重分布特征及影响因素

土壤容重不仅可用作计算土壤持水力和导水性,也是估算土壤养分和碳储量的重要变量。野外测定土壤容重一般费时费力,特别是在地形复杂的山区,因此山地土壤容重在国内外大多数清查数据库中缺失。本文以黑河上游山地为例,基于野外调查的124个土壤剖面,研究了山地土壤容重的空间分布特征及影响因素。结果表明:黑河上游山地0~10 cm和0~60 cm土壤容重分别为0.91±0.02 g·cm^-3 和1.04±0.01 g·cm^-3;不同植被类型下,高山寒漠容重最大,山地森林最小。随着土壤深度的增加,容重呈幂函数递增;随着土壤有机质含量的增加,容重呈指数递减。区域上,黑河上游从西北到东南,容重呈递减趋势,从高海拔到低海拔,容重呈先减小后增大趋势。主成分分析(PCA)和一般线性模型(GLM)表明,与土壤容重相关的环境因子中,海拔是影响土壤表层容重的第一主成分,土壤有机质含量是第二主成分,黏粒含量和大于2.0 mm砾石含量分别为第三、四主成分。第一、二、三、四主成分分别解释土壤容重空间变异的24.00%、29.40%、0.01%、6.20%。     

Exploring the database of a soil environmental survey using a geo-self-organizing map: A pilot study

A model integrating geo-information and self-organizing map (SOM) for exploring the database of soil environmental surveys was established. The dataset of 5 heavy metals (As, Cd, Cr, Hg, and Pb) was built by the regular grid sampling in Hechi, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region in southern China. Auxiliary datasets were collected throughout the study area to help interpret the potential causes of pollution. The main findings are as follows: (1) Soil samples of 5 elements exhibited strong variation and high skewness. High pollution risk existed in the case study area, especially Hg and Cd. (2) As and Pb had a similar topo-logical distribution pattern, meaning they behaved similarly in the soil environment. Cr had behaviours in soil different from those of the other 4 elements. (3) From the U-matrix of SOM networks, 3 levels of SEQ were identified, and 11 high risk areas of soil heavy metal-contaminated were found throughout the study area, which were basically near rivers, factories, and ore zones. (4) The variations of contamination index (CI) followed the trend of construction land (1.353) > forestland (1.267) > cropland (1.175) > grassland (1.056), which suggest that decision makers should focus more on the problem of soil pollution surrounding industrial and mining enterprises and farmland.

     

The Belt and Road: Geographical pattern and regional risks

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Building the Belt and Road is initiatives of China to promote win-win international cooperation in the new era, aiming at green, health, intellect and peace and...     

Lakes of the Jom-Bolok Volcanoes Valley in the East Sayan Mts., Baikal region

Journal of Geographical Sciences - This article describes the lake basins of the Jom-Bolok volcanic region in the East Sayan (the largest manifestation of the Holocene eruptions in Central Asia)....     

How forest gaps shaped plant diversity along an elevational gradient in Wolong National Nature Reserve?

Journal of Geographical Sciences - Understanding the underlying ecological processes that control plant diversity within (α-diversity) and among (β-diversity) forest gaps is important for...     

潜流带生物地球化学特征研究进展

潜流带(即地表水-地下水交互作用带)是位于地表水和地下水之间发生物质和能量交换的,具有物理、化学、生物梯度的饱和含水带。潜流带内发生着强烈的生物地球化学过程,在改善水环境质量和维持水生态系统稳定中发挥着重要作用。潜流带生物地球化学特征主要受河床沉积物结构特征、水文特征、环境特征、生物群落格局、物质输入等因素的影响,潜流带内C、N、P元素以及有毒金属元素(Fe、Mn、As、Hg等)会发生氧化-还原、吸附与解吸、沉淀与溶解、生物催化等生物地球化学过程。原位监测、数值模拟、原位培养和地球物理探测等技术是潜流带中生物地球化学过程研究中常用的研究手段。未来针对潜流带的研究可以从监测和数值模拟技术、河床沉积物变化特征以及微生物生态系统的结构和功能等方面进一步开展。     

Fostering Environmental Sensitivity by Observing Everyday Environments

This study examined the effects of observing and reflecting on everyday environments in the development of environmental sensitivity, defined as a holistic capability composed of predisposition, knowledge, and behavior subdimensions. We encouraged participants to use diverse sources, such as texts, photographs, and animation, to record their observations and thinking. As a result, the activity in this study was beneficial in enhancing students’ environmental sensitivity. Students’ mean scores on the environmental sensitivity questionnaire improved, and their reflective journals reported increased interest in everyday environments, enhanced knowledge about diverse environmental elements, and strengthened will to act pro-environmentally. The usefulness of the geospatial platform was also reported.