Sediment cascades and the entangled relationship between human impact and natural dynamics at the pre-pottery Neolithic site of Göbekli Tepe,Anatolia

This study presents a meta-analysis of radiocarbon ages for the environs of Göbekli Tepe – one of the oldest monumental structures worldwide – using cumulative probability functions to diachronically assess phases of geomorphodynamic activity as controlled by natural or anthropogenic drivers. We employ sediment cascades as a heuristic framework to study the complex responses of the geomorphological system to various triggers at local to supra-regional scales. Possible triggers include climatic variability as documented by supra-regional hydroclimatic proxy data, regional demographic trends, and local to regional socioeconomic developments such as the emergence of sedentism or the introduction and dispersal of livestock herding. Our results show that phases of intensified geomorphodynamic activity occurred between ca. 7.4–7.0 and 5.8–3.3 ka BP. These phases roughly coincide with phases of population growth in southern Turkey and climatic variations in Turkey and the Levant. The phase between ca. 5.8–3.3 ka BP also corresponds to the time when organized agriculture and the seeder plough were introduced. Also, the identified phases are in agreement with the general trend of varying geomorphodynamic activity in the Eastern Mediterranean as driven by human impact and climatic change. However, neither the Younger Dryas–Holocene transition nor the development of herding during the Pre-Pottery Neolithic left a clear signature. We demonstrate how the different depositional environments in the studied landscape compartments vary with respect to their spatiotemporal coverage and discuss challenges when trying to understand processes that once shaped landscapes of past societies. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd     

载体桩在陕南粉质黏土地区的适用性研究

以陕南粉质黏土地区某住宅楼施工现场为试验场地,开展了灌注桩和载体桩复合地基的现场静载试验,结合经验法理论计算,从承载力和建设成本两个方面,对比分析了两种地基基础方案的优劣。结果显示:灌注桩和载体桩复合地基荷载-沉降曲线均为缓变型,两种方案均能提供较高的抗压承载力;当载体桩桩长超过10 m,且作为复合地基增强体时,经验法计算过程未考虑桩端阻力的扩大头效益,计算结果明显低于现场试验结果;在相同桩身用料投入条件下,载体桩复合地基较灌注桩能够提供更高承载力。在陕南的类似粉质黏土地区,建议优先考虑选用载体桩复合地基方案。     

Identification of the anomaly component using BEMD combined with PCA from element concentrations in the Tengchong tin belt,SW China

Concentration of elements or element groups in a geological body is the result of multiple stages of rockforming and ore-forming geological processes.An ore-forming element group can be identified by PCA(principal component analysis)and be separated into two components using BEMD(bi-dimensional empirical mode decomposition):(1)a high background component which represents the ore-forming background developed in rocks through various geological processes favorable for mineralization(i.e.magmatism,sedimentation and/or metamorphism);(2)the anomaly component which reflects the oreforming anomaly that is overprinted on the high background component developed during mineralization.Anomaly components are used to identify ore-finding targets more effectively than ore-forming element groups.Three steps of data analytical procedures are described in this paper; firstly,the application of PCA to establish the ore-forming element group;secondly,using BEMD on the o re-forming element group to identify the anomaly components created by different types of mineralization processes; and finally,identifying ore-finding targets based on the anomaly components.This method is applied to the Tengchong tin-polymetallic belt to delineate ore-finding targets,where four targets for Sn(W)and three targets for Pb-Zn-Ag-Fe polymetallic mineralization are identified and defined as new areas for further prospecting.It is shown that BEMD combined with PCA can be applied not only in extracting the anomaly component for delineating the ore-finding target,but also in extracting the residual component for identifying its high background zone favorable for mineralization from its oreforming element group.     

四元数的基本概念与向量旋转的欧拉公式

为方便理解四元数,首先针对两个相互平行或垂直的向量,定义它们之间的一种不可交换乘积,命名为格拉斯曼乘积,同时约定这一不可交换积满足分配律。由此,进一步给出任意两个向量之间格拉斯曼积的具体表达式,并引出四元数的概念和运算法则。从理论上证明,任意四元数都可表示为两个向量之间的格拉斯曼积,并可以利用单位四元数的正交变换来表示向量旋转的欧拉公式。     

近50年来黑龙江省冻土厚度的时空变化特征

基于MK检验、滑动t检验、EOF分析方法,使用近50年（1961-2012年）黑龙江省32个气象基准台站逐日冻土观测数据、气温观测数据,对黑龙江省冻土厚度时空变化特征进行了分析。结果表明：① 近50年黑龙江省冻土厚度减少了12.86 cm,下降速率为-0.53 cm/a,以2001年为界发生了突变。② 冻土厚度空间分布呈现由北厚南薄格局,中部地区冻土厚度较同纬度其他区域偏低;空间变化呈现南部冻土厚度降低快,北部降低慢,中部与西部、东南部呈相反变化的特征,伊春、铁力、漠河观测点为冻土变化敏感区。③ 气温是影响黑龙江省冻土厚度变化的主要因素,与冻土厚度相关系数为-0.611。本文的主要贡献为揭示了黑龙江省冻土厚度的空间变化特征,为相关研究及各级政府规划提供了依据。     

室内可见光通信频域均衡技术DSP方法对比分析

对3种室内可见光通信传输技术的数字信号处理方法（DSP）,包括正交频分复用（OFDM）、单载波频域均衡（SCFDE）与单载波频分复用（SCFDM）进行了对比分析.通过峰值功率比（PAPR）和计算复杂度比较了3种方法的优劣.分析结果表明,SCFDE和SCFDM具有较低的PAPR,但SCFDM计算复杂度较高.此外,还使用白光LED灯针对3种调制解调方法建立了实验模型.实验结果表明,在VLC传输系统中,由于低PAPR特性,使得SCFDE和SCFDM在误码率（BER）和Q值方面的性能优于OFDM.     

基于生态位理论的东北三省政府干预强度与市场化水平格局演变研究

以“政府干预强度”和“市场化水平”为研究对象,通过对其生态系统的剖析,构建相应的评价指标体系及其生态位模型,并选取东北三省地级市为评价对象,对其“强政府弱市场”格局和演变趋势进行分析。定量分析的主要结论为：东北三省普遍存在“强政府弱市场”现状,其中黑龙江省最为突出,其次为吉林省、辽宁省;东北三省“强政府弱市场”格局出现多次波动,仅2003~2005年降幅较高,说明2003年“东北振兴战略”影响效果的持续性较短;东北各地市“强政府弱市场”格局具有明显的区域溢出效应,格局较明显的区域主要集中在离中心城市或沿海口岸较远的黑龙江省北部以及辽宁省、吉林省的部分内陆城市。     

地理学研究范式的思考

地理学主要关注陆地表层自然和人文要素的空间分异规律研究,针对这一复杂系统的不同问题应该选择不同的研究方式。本文在思考以往地理学研究方式的基础上,将地理学研究范式概括为：地理经验科学研究范式、地理实证科学研究范式、地理系统科学研究范式和地理大数据研究范式。对不同地理科学问题应选取不同的范式加以研究,对有些复杂科学问题应采用多种研究范式加以解决。     

高阶非线性系统自适应模糊有限时间状态约束控制

针对一类具有状态约束的非严格反馈高阶非线性系统,研究一种自适应模糊有限时间跟踪控制问题.首先,利用模糊逻辑系统逼近不确定性非线性函数,在此基础上,采用障碍Lyapunov函数,解决状态约束问题,通过障碍加幂积分方法和反步递推技术,提出了一种有限时间控制设计方法.在有限时间Lyapunov稳定意义下,严格证明闭环系统半全局实际有限时间稳定且系统的状态不超出给定的约束边界,并实现了有限时间跟踪控制目标.最后,仿真研究进一步验证了所提出控制方法的有效性.     

狭长区域下基于正交法的GPS高程拟合研究

将GPS点大地高直接转换成正常高,越来越广泛地应用于建立高程控制网的实践中。而要保证GPS点高程精度的关键是高程异常拟合模型选择的合理性。文中介绍了在狭长带状区域下利用正交函数法拟合GPS点高程的数学模型。并利用试验数据进行比对分析。结果表明,文中提出的方法计算具有算法稳定,成果合理的特点。