基于希尔伯特-黄变换的合成孔径雷达内波参数提取新方法

基于希尔伯特-黄变换,发展了合成孔径雷达内波参数提取的新方法,解决了传统的傅里叶变换不能提取非线性内波群各个孤立子波信息的问题。利用该方法对巴士海峡附近的一幅ERS-1 SAR内波图像进行了内波参数提取。希尔伯特-黄变换对内波剖面数据进行了尺度分解,根据归一化方差最大来提取内波分量。该方法具有自适应性。结果表明,该方法获取的内波平均波长与傅里叶变换和小波分析具有较好的一致性,提取得到的反映各个孤立子波信息的波形比小波分析的要清晰,提高了数据的质量。通过提取的内波信号,利用极值序列计算了剖面线前后段平均波长大小,消除了谱分析当中的180°模糊问题。计算了明暗点的间隔,反演得到各个孤立子波的半振幅宽度。利用CTD数据获得的跃层深度,反演前导波振幅,与验证算例结果在量级上一致。     

On the Non-linear Motion of IGS Station

With the daily SINEX files of the IGS, the time series of IGS stations are obtained using an independently developed software under generalized network adjustment models with coordinate patterns. From ...     

What path and how fast? The effect of flight time and path on user spatial understanding in map tour animations

GIScience scholars have identified map tours as an important visualization type for communicating spatial information: map tours are animations where the virtual camera moves through space and are common on the web, mobile devices, and television. Understanding how to enhance their effectiveness is timely because of recent, growing interest in virtual reality and animated map presentation tools such as Esri Story Maps? and Google Earth? tours. Despite this popularity, little empirical evidence exists about how people learn from map tours and how they should best be designed to improve effectiveness. This research is aimed at answering that need. An empirical study is described, which was designed to understand how virtual camera speed, path, and dynamic tilting within a map tour influence subjects’ ability to develop survey knowledge. The results of the experiment show that paths encompassing overviews of the landscape improve the viewer’s ability to build up survey knowledge; that tilting appears to have a much weaker effect; and that combining fast speed and a difficult path within a map tour increases the viewer’s cognitive load.     

HHT方法在研究地震旋回体中的应用

HHT(Hilbert-Huang变换)是一种近年才发展起来的非线性信号处理方法,具有明确的物理意义、高度的精确性和自适应性,但在地震信号处理中尚未得到广泛的应用。简要介绍了HHT的方法原理,然后分析了模型信号和地震旋回体的HHT时频谱。结果表明:HHT对模型信号的识别能力强,且不同类型地震旋回体与其HHT时频谱之间存在对应关系,这为地震层序的划分以及进一步的沉积相分析提供理论依据。     

延安地区雷电流幅值累积概率分布特征及计算公式

利用陕西省雷电定位系统资料分析了延安地区2009—2012年的雷电流数据,并对多种雷电流幅值累积概率公式进行了比较分析,同时引入雷电流概率密度公式,列举实例,分析了各累积概率公式所拟合的曲线与实测值所绘制曲线的误差,并根据分析结果给出了该地区带有未知系数α、β的雷电流幅值累积概率计算公式,利用Matlab的Cftool工具中的最小二乘曲线拟合方法对地闪进行拟合,求出拟合误差最小和拟合效果最好时的α、β值,得出了该地区更为精确的雷电流幅值累积概率计算公式,并利用该地区2013年的雷电流数据对推导出的公式进行了准确性验证.结果表明：正闪的平均雷电流幅值明显大于负闪,而负闪的雷电流幅值分布比正闪的分布相对更集中;正闪的雷电流幅值累积概率的分布曲线比较平缓,而负闪的相对比较陡峭;利用规程公式拟合的曲线与实测值对应的曲线差异较大,而利用IEEE Std和CIGRE推荐公式分别拟合的曲线与实测值对应曲线的变化趋势一致,相比规程公式IEEE Std的误差明显减小;当α=36.04,β=4.349时,拟合误差最小,拟合效果最好,并且发现雷电流I_c在0~150 kA时,拟合误差在-0.025~0.018,当I_c=35 kA时,拟合误差最大,为0.025,当I_c大于150 kA时,拟合误差趋于0.     

Comparative analysis of interdecadal precipitation variability over central North China and sub Saharan Africa

本文对比分析了1951–2016年华北与北非降水的年代际变化,及其与全球大尺度海温和环流型的关联性。结果发现二者呈现出相似的年代际干湿演变特征。自上世纪70年代以来,华北与北非降水均由正异常转为持续负异常。90年代以后,北非降水虽仍是负异常,但呈现出显著地增加趋势。北非降水与大西洋多年代际振荡(AMO)、太平洋年代际振荡(PDO)和北大西洋(NAO)均显著相关,华北降水与PDO和NAO显著相关。通过经验正交分解,发现华北与北非降水的第一模态均与NAO关系密切,且二者第一模态所对应的时间序列呈现反位相变化。     

2018年全球发现的新矿物种

在系统梳理2018年度全球发现并经国际矿物学协会(IMA)新矿物与矿物分类命名专业委员会(CNMNC)批准的128个新矿物种资料的基础上,从矿物名称、晶体化学式、晶系和空间群、晶胞参数、主要粉晶数据、物理性质、光学性质、产地与产状、与其他矿物种的关系、矿物名称来源、化学反应和光谱学特征等方面归纳总结了这些新矿物的重要矿物学特征。并按照中国新矿物及矿物命名专业委员会颁布的《矿物种汉名审订条例》,对128个新矿物种的中文名称进行了审订。通过适时公布国际新矿物工作的新进展和新成果,并逐步完善和规范矿物种中文译名体系,为我国新矿物的发现和研究提供有科学价值的参考和借鉴,并不断推动矿物种中文译名规范化与标准化的进程。     

A Woodbury solution method for efficient seismic collapse analysis of space truss structures based on hybrid nonlinearity separation

This study presents a fast algorithm for collapse behavior simulation of space truss structures under extreme earthquake excitation by introducing the Woodbury formula to efficiently solve the structural response caused by material and geometric nonlinearity (hybrid nonlinearity). The Woodbury formula, which is an efficient tool in mathematics for solving low-rank perturbation problems, has successfully been used to improve the efficiency of local material nonlinear analysis but still has difficulties with seismic collapse analysis in which geometric nonlinearity should be considered. In this study, by implementing stiffness matrix decomposition according to the unchanged reference configuration, the effects of hybrid nonlinearity on the change in tangent stiffness of truss structures are uniformly formulated in the form of hybrid nonlinear perturbation to the reference elastic stiffness. Thus, a hybrid nonlinearity separated governing equation can be established, in which the hybrid nonlinear behaviors are depicted by the additional nonlinear degrees of freedom (NLDOFs) separated from the reference system. This allows for employing the Woodbury formula to perform seismic collapse analysis of space truss structures for avoiding the repeated updating of the global stiffness. To overcome the adverse effect of the large NLDOF number caused by the global characteristics of geometric nonlinearity on the efficiency advantages of the Woodbury formula during seismic collapse analysis, an element state judgment strategy and an adaptive restart mechanism are presented to activate only a small number of NLDOFs within critical local regions. The accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method are verified by two numerical examples.     

利用遥感影像和经验估计方法初判云南省建水县房屋抗震能力

房屋建筑破坏是地震中导致人员伤亡的主要因素,在未取得房屋详细风险调查数据的过渡时期,综合房屋结构和用途的实测资料、农危改和异地搬迁统计资料以及不同用途的房屋在影像上的几何特征和空间特征,提出了云南地区基于遥感影像和经验估计方法的房屋抗震能力等级初判方法,并在建水县开展试点应用。结果表明:建水县房屋估计抗震能力达标等级占比为8%,疑似抗震能力不足等级占比为88%,疑似抗震能力严重不足等级占比为4%。     

雄安新区vS30经验估计研究

选用国际最常见的v_S30经验估算模型(常速度外推模型、速度梯度外推模型、双深度参数模型),利用雄安新区435个剪切波速剖面达30 m的钻孔数据,计算估算值v_SE30和实测值v_S30的相关性、v_SE30的相对误差,验证经验估算模型的适用性。结果表明：双深度参数模型不需要对大量场地数据做回归分析,没有区域依赖性,准确度也有显著提高。该模型更适用于雄安新区工程建设中v_S30的确定。