有限元素法全倾角波动方程偏移

本文试图从两个方面提高波动方程偏移的效果:1.使用全方向波动方程进行偏移,使之适用于任意倾角界面的反射;2.使用有限元素法提高微分方程数值解法的精度。     

A new ultrasonic interferometer for the determination of equation of state parameters of sub-millimeter single crystals

A new giga-Hertz ultrasonic interferometer has been developed, based on ultrasonic microscopy technology. The interferometer operates from 0.3 GHz to 1.5 GHz. The high frequency and associated small wavelengths together with the large bandwidth make it possible to measure travel times in samples with thicknesses of several microns and allow for unprecedented accuracy in bond corrections. An absolute accuracy of 1 part in 10⁵ in travel time measurements is achievable in single crystals (thickness of 200 microns) or glasses of interest to the earth sciences. The high precision travel time data, combining with sample length measurements using a laser interferometer built in our laboratory, yield very high precision ultrasonic velocities.The interferometer is intended for use in conjunction with a newly developed 4 GPa gas piston cylinder apparatus (Getting andSpetzler, 1993) for equation of state measurements under simultaneous pressure and temperature. A separate correction for the bond will be made for each datum at every point in temperature pressure space.     

潜水一维非稳态运动的解析理论及应用

讨论了潜水一维非稳态运动Boussinesq方程的对称性,并采用Lie群变换,就某些边界条件求出了其解析解,以便与线性化近似理论作比较;在此基础上,分析了Boussinesq方程线性化所引起的误差问题,并得到了特定条件下严格的零误差线性化方法。最后,通过算例的分析对比,提出了在线性化时应该遵循的一些原则。     

利用地图与单影像进行建筑物三维重建的新途径

首先利用直接线性变换(DLT）、单影像空间后方交会确定影像方位元素的初值．然后利用影像上全部建筑物的直线（特别是建筑物的铅垂线)来确定影像方位元素的精确值．以达到对多栋建筑物同时建模的目的。     

银川地区冠心病发病率气象预报模型

对银川地区冠心病与气象条件的分析表明，冠心病发病与气温、气压等气象要素有密切的关系。在相关分析的基础上，运用逐步回归方法建立冠心病周、旬发病率预报方程，为防病治病提供一些依据。     

判断观测值粗差能否发现和定位的一种验前方法

由于最小二乘(LS)残差统计相关，使得粗差发现和定位关系变得相当复杂，且至今未见有效的理论和方法。作者依据在LS平差前进行粗差发现和定位的思路，有意避开LS残差统计相关的难题，从条件平差模型推导出粗差判断方程(GEJE)Vr＝JVt Wc建立起以上式判断矩阵J为基础的粗差发现和定位的判断准则：1．不能发现含有粗差的观测量；2．能发现含有粗差但不能定位粗差的观测量。通过算例的检验，证明了判断矩阵J与控制网中观测量数据结构的对应关系，同时说明粗差不能定位的观测量，再好的粗差检测方法也无法正确定位粗差。     

Evaluating a Model of Evaporation and Transpiration with Observations in a Partially Wet Douglas-Fir Forest

The Penman–Monteith equation is extended to describe evaporation of intercepted rain, transpiration and the interaction between these processes in a single explicit function. This single-layer model simulates the effects of heat exchange, stomatal blocking and changed humidity deficit close to the canopy as a function of canopywater storage. Evaporation depends on the distribution of water over the canopy and the energy exchange between wet and dry parts. Transpiration depends on the dry canopy surface resistance that is described with a Jarvis-type response. The explicit functions obtained for water vapour fluxes facilitate a straightforward identificationof the various processes. Canopy water storage amounts and xylem sapflow were measured simultaneously during drying episodes after rainfall in a dense, partially wet, Douglas-fir forest. Estimates of evaporation and transpiration rates are derived from these observations. The analysis shows that evaporation induced transpirationreduction is mainly caused by energy consumption. Changes in water vapour deficit have a minor effect due to a compensating stomatal reaction. The remaining difference between observed and modelled transpiration reduction can be attributed to partial blocking of stomata by the water layer.     

求解波动方程的任意差分精细积分法

在地震偏移成像技术中，常常要反向外推波场，因此涉及到波动方程的数值求解问题。本文提出了一种求解偏微分方程的新的半解析方法——任意差分精细积分(ADPI)法。其大体思路是：空间域上作坐标离散，但不采用古典差分法的等分离散方式，而是一种相对自由的、任意的离散法；时间域上则采用子域精细积分的方法，既保留了精细积分法的高精度，又克服了工作量大、占用存储大等缺点。该方法具有精度高、带宽小、稳定性好等多项突出优点，并且可以灵括处理各类边界条件。本文从简单一维、较普遍一维、以及二维3种情形讨论该方法对波动方程的具体应用，结合实际的算例，详细分析了各种算法的可行性和精度特点。     

Mathematical and Image Analysis of Stromatolite Morphogenesis

Stromatolites are internally laminated organosedimentary structures that result from the environmental interactions of Benthic Microbial Communities. They have been traditionally described and classified either by quasi-Linnean taxonomic systems or by morphometric schemes. Neither of these approaches has proved entirely satisfactory. The application of the mathematics of evolving surfaces provides a promising alternative for the modelling and classification of stromatolites in terms of their morphogenesis. The suggestion of Grotzinger and Rothman that stromatolite-growth in general could be attributed to a combination of four processes that constitute the variables of the Kardar–Parisi–Zhang (KPZ) equation has been analyzed and found to be an oversimplification. While some stromatolites can be characterized in this way, because of local growth effects, the majority of stromatolite forms exhibit nonlocal growth characteristic of Laplacian growth. Work is being undertaken to model such growth.