地市级地震局系统地震应急级别启动的讨论

以厦门市为例,从地震烈度衰减规律、当地社情及地市政府与省局政府职责的区别,讨论地市地震局应急预案应急级别启动条件与省局预案的差异和理由.     

Partitioning of Fluoroquinolones on Wastewater Sludge

Laboratory‐scale batch experiments were conducted to investigate the adsorption behavior of eight fluoroquinolones (FQs) on aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic sludge, under different adsorpiton time, pH, and temperature conditions. Results indicated that adsorption of FQs onto all sludge was a physical sorption process. The relationship of the partitioning coefficient (K_d) and the octanol/water partition coefficient (K_ow) for each FQ was established. The adsorbed fraction of FQs on sludge could then be predicted with the K_d. It was calculated that about 50–72% of the FQs were adsorbed on the sludge. Therefore, the adsorption effect must be considered when studying the fate and occurrence of FQs in wastewater treatment systems.     

Robust Regulation of Alkalinity in Highly Uncertain Continuous Anaerobic Digestion Processes

In this paper, a multiple‐input multiple‐output (MIMO) model‐based robust control scheme is proposed for the indirect control of both total alkalinity and the ratio (intermediate alkalinity)/(total alkalinity) by regulating volatile fatty acid concentrations and strong ions concentration, while guaranteeing the so‐called operational stability in anaerobic digestion (AD) processes. The proposed MIMO regulator is an adaptive controller derived from an AD model which incorporates the physicochemical equilibrium of the system as well as the use of a robust interval observer to estimate key process bounds that are used in the computation of the control efforts. Numerical simulations were carried out for a number of operating conditions under the most uncertain scenarios. Results showed that the proposed multivariable control law is able to recover the system stability around a pre‐determined set point in the face of parameter uncertainty and load disturbances.     

破坏性地震应急信息处置研究现状简述

结合地震应急实例,分析了对破坏性地震应急信息处置的认识,并对国内外有关方面的研究现状进行了简要介绍.     

天津市地震应急避难场所试点建设

天津市地震应急避难场所试点建设是“天津市地震安全基础工程”分项之一,由天滓市政府投资146万元。应急避难场所的建成给人民群众提供一个应对突发重大灾害性事件的临时安置场所。并且能在灾害发生后一段时期内,躲避由灾害带来的直接或间接伤害,使人民群众的基本生活得到保障。本文从建设内容、建设原则、主要功能与服务、主要成果与效益、问题与建议五个方面对试点建设情况进行了介绍与分析。     

Bacteria‐removing and Bactericidal Efficiencies of PDADMAC Composite Coagulants in Enhanced Coagulation Treatment

Enhanced coagulation treatment of bacteria‐containing raw water was studied by using three series of composite coagulants, that were prepared by combining polydiallyldimethylammonium chloride (PDADMAC) with different intrinsic viscosity values (0.55–2.47 dL/g) and mass percentages (5–20%) with polyaluminum chloride (PAC), aluminum sulfate (AS), and the composite of aluminum sulfate and ferric chloride (A‐F), respectively. The coagulants were tested by jar tests for the efficiencies to remove bacteria in raw water and to kill bacteria in settled sludge. It was found that when the residual turbidity of supernatant after sedimentation reached the control standard of 2 NTU in drinking water plant, the bacteria‐removing rates of PAC, AS, and A‐F were 92.22, 92.60, and 94.99%, respectively, and the bactericidal rates were 2.52, 1.22, and 2.94%, respectively. Contrastively, the bacteria‐removing rates of PAC/PDADMAC, AS/PDADMAC, and A‐F/PDADMAC could reach 95.45, 96.90, and 98.89%, respectively, and the bactericidal rates could reach 86.60, 91.81, and 96.98%, respectively. It could be deduced from the results that the bactericidal efficiencies of composite coagulants stemmed from the bactericidal action of PDADMAC, and the inorganic coagulants had little bactericidal function.     

大型商场地震应急演练的组织与经验

介绍了新疆昌吉市汇嘉、隆源、飞马3家大型商场开展地震避险疏散演练的组织策划、培训、内容及流程等情况,探讨了大型商场开展应急演练的经验和存在的问题,指出了大型商场存在的地震安全风险和相应的改进措施,以及对今后演练的意见和建议。     

尼泊尔地震灾害及应急救援

介绍了2015年4月25日尼泊尔发生的MS8.1地震灾害、受灾国政府应急响应、国际应急响应以及我国西藏受灾区应急救援的情况。总结了尼泊尔地震灾害和应急救援的经验与教训。