腺带刺沙蚕的早期发育

１９８３年７—１２月于室内进行了腺带刺沙蚕Ｎｅａｎｔｈｅｓｇｌａｎｄｉｃｉｎｃｔａ人工授精、孵化及幼体培养观察．该种沙蚕在性成熟时没有异沙蚕型出现。水温在１３．０—２９．３℃范围内，沙蚕均能完成胚胎发育和幼体发育。担轮幼虫期在膜内渡过，五刚节疣足幼虫开始摄食，七剧节疣足幼虫开始钻砂，沙蚕幼虫体节在２０节之前体节与体长呈明显的直线正相关。     

太平洋牡蛎配子和精子人卵的扫描电镜观察及胚胎发育的初步研究

通过扫描电镜观察,太平洋牡蛎精子由头部、中段和尾段组成.精子全长约21.6μm,尾段长约18.2μm,末端观察到"针眼"样结构;头部最大处的直径约2.6μm;中段直径约1.1μm;未成熟精子尾段中部出现膨大,该处直径约0.3μm.卵呈梨形;卵的直径约为41.9μm.卵表面有微绒毛组成的皱折结构,可见卵黄膜孔.卵质收回时,在卵表面卵柄处可见明显的树枝状结构.受精后,受精卵表面的卵黄膜剥离处可见较多数量的皮质小泡.在水温21.2～23.5℃,精卵混合34min时,释时出第1极体;1h22min时,放出第2极体;21h55min时,胚胎发育至初期D形幼虫.     

Embryology of Maldives clownfish, Amphiprion nigripes (Amphiprioninae)

This study investigated the embryonic development of Maldives clownfish Amphiprion nigripes under natural conditions (28 - 30℃) at a lagoon of Agatti Island, Lakshadweep, India. The newly deposited fish egg was capsule-shaped and orange-red, with a (0.73 ± 0.04) mm3 yolk containing 5 - 10 fat globules. The embryonic development of fertilized eggs was divided into 26 stages and the time elapsing for each stage was recorded. Results showed that the cleavage was rapid, with the first division observed 1 h 20 min after fertilization. Blastulation occurred 4 h later, followed by gastrulation 12 h after fertilization, with a yolk volume of (0.61 ± 0.06) mm3. The organogenesis process started 22 h after fertilization when the blastopores closed and notochord formation began. The embryonic stage was recorded 24 h later, with the appearance of forebrain, midbrain, hindbrain, melanophores on yolk-sac and 22 somites, and a decreased yolk volume of (0.54 ± 0.08) mm3. Other organs developed well 31 h after fertilization, whereas the heart started beating and blood circulation began 78 h later. Red pigmentation (erytrophores) appeared 96 h after fertilization, with a small yolk volume of (0.22 ± 0.02) mm3. Mouth developed well and eyes were noticeable 120 h later, with head, pectoral fin and tail frequently moving 144 h after fertilization. The embryo reached the pre-hatching stage 168 h later and started to hatch after 170 - 180 h incubation. This study first detailed the embryonic development and yolk absorption of A. nigripes under natural conditions.     

生物降解型消油剂处理燃料油对黄海胆（Glyptocidaris crenularis）胚胎发育的影响

对比研究了120#燃料油在加入消油剂前后对黄海胆胚胎生长发育的影响。将黄海胆(Glyptocidaris crenularis)胚胎分别暴露于10个不同质量浓度的120#燃料油分散液和经消油剂处理后的乳化液中,对照组为海水空白,单独消油剂海水为内置空白组,暴露30min后,测定随石油烃剂量的变化与暴露时间改变黄海胆胚胎发育及生长速率变化的规律。结果显示,试验组中黄海胆胚胎发育时间明显滞后,与暴露浓度呈正相关,且乳化液试验组滞后更为显著。石油烃暴露对黄海胆胚胎的半抑制效应浓度(EC50)随发育时间的推移逐渐降低,不同发育时期段,乳化液的EC50值均比分散液小。研究结果表明,120#燃料油暴露能影响黄海胆胚胎发育,经生物型消油剂处理后,其毒性增大。     

双棘刺尻鱼的胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育研究

本研究报道了一种分布广泛的小型珊瑚礁鱼——双棘刺尻鱼（Centropyge bispinosa）的胚胎发育和仔鱼早期发育过程。结果表明,双棘刺尻鱼在关灯（日落）后10～20 min产出配子,其受精卵呈透明圆球状,卵直径为638.5±5.7 μm, 卵内存在单一油滴,直径为179.9±10.3 μm,油滴内部占据空间最多的是卵黄。在24.5 ℃的水温下受精后16 h 30 min孵化。初孵仔鱼体长为1 161.3±55.2 μm,大量器官尚未发育完全,无口和消化道,眼睛无色素沉淀,不具备主动游泳的能力。孵化后第1天其体长快速发育至2 241.7±54.2 μm,卵黄大部分被吸收,躯干上出现较大的色素细胞。孵化后第2天仔鱼体长发育速度减缓,增长至2 476.4±12.7 μm,但是同时重要器官如消化道、肛门发育完成,卵黄几乎全部被吸收。孵化后第3天,体长几乎没有增长,但是眼睛完成色素沉淀开始发挥功能,口部也发育完成,开始进入外源性营养阶段,有能力对猎物和捕食者做出反应。本研究为国内首次报道双棘刺尻鱼胚胎和幼体发育过程,为未来进一步开展该鱼的人工繁育工作奠定了基础。     

降水对日本菊花螺胚胎发育和幼体孵化的影响

作为常见的肺螺亚纲生物,日本菊花螺Siphonaria japonica(Donovan,1824)会将卵带产于潮间带岩石上,因此会经常遭受降水的影响。为阐明降水对日本菊花螺胚胎发育和幼体孵化的影响,本研究通过实验室模拟和野外原位取样相结合的方式分析了降水对卵带内胚胎发育状态、幼体累积孵化数、单位时间幼体孵化最高值和最高值出现时间的影响。结果表明:实验室模拟降水会显著影响卵带胚胎发育和幼体孵化(P0.05);自然降水并不会影响幼体累积孵化数(P0.05),但会显著加快幼体孵化速率(P0.05)。     

ON SOME KEY GEOLOGICAL PROBLEMS RELATED TO THE LINGLONG-JIAOJIA ORE-CENTRALIZED DISTRICT IN SHANDONG PROVINCE, CHINA

The Linglong-Jiaojia ore-centralized district is controlled by the tectonic stress field characterized by the combination of extension and strike-slip, and the dip, dip angle, pitch and pitch angle of the ore bodies are all constrained by the dynamic conditions of the tectonics. The metallotectonic series for the ore-centralized district belong to the type of a combination of extension and strike-slip and can be subdivided into four sub-series. The ore-forming process in the brittle regime can be disintegrated into two stages, i.e., the embryonic fracture stage and the megascopic fracture stage, and ore-forming process is rather common in the ore-centralized district at the former stage. Moreover, several key structural patterns and their features were discussed and a preliminary assessment about the ore-forming prospect in this district was made in the paper.     

Three-dimensional Evolutionary Models of the Qiongxi Structures, Southwestern Sichuan Basin, China: Evidence from Seismic Interpretation and Geomorphology

Fold terminations are key features in the study of compressional fault-related folds. Such terminations could be due to loss of displacement on the thrust fault or/and forming a lateral or oblique ramp. Thus, high-quality seismic data would help unambiguously define which mechanism should be responsible for the termination of a given fault-related fold. The Qiongxi and Qiongxinan structures in the Sichuan Basin, China are examples of natural fault-propagation folds that possess a northern termination and a structural saddle between them. The folds/fault geometry and along-strike displacement variations are constrained by the industry 3-D seismic volume. We interpret that the plunge of the fold near the northern termination and the structural saddle are due to the loss of displacement along strike. The fault geometry associated with the northern termination changes from a flat-ramp at the crest of the Qiongxinan structure, where displacement is the greatest, to simply a ramp near the northern tip of the Qiongxi structure, without forming a lateral or oblique ramp. In this study, we also use the drainage pattern, embryonic structure preserved in the crest of the Qiongxinan structure and the assumption that displacement along a fault is proportional to the duration of thrusting to propose a model for the lateral propagation of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures. Specifically, we suggest that the structure first initiated as an isolated fault ramp within brittle units. With increased shortening, the fault grows to link with lower detachments in weaker shale units to create a hybridized fault-propagation fold. Our model suggests a possible explanation for the lateral propagation history of the Qiongxinan and Qiongxi structures, and also provides an alternative approach to confirming the activity of the previous Pingluoba structure in the southwestern Sichuan Basin in the late Cenozoic.     

黑龙江乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussuriensis Berg)胚胎发育观察研究

乌苏里白鲑(Coregonus ussuriensis Berg)是中国黑龙江流域唯一的白鲑属鱼类。由于栖息地破坏、水体污染等原因,野生种群数量逐年减少,属于濒危物种。为了解乌苏里白鲑胚胎及仔稚鱼发育特点,在人工繁育条件下获得受精卵,并观察乌苏里白鲑胚胎发育及仔稚鱼的形态变化与生长特征。通过观察发现,受精卵为沉性卵,呈现浅黄色,具有微黏性。乌苏里白鲑胚胎发育时序分为8个阶段,即受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、早期器官形成及孵出阶段,进一步分为16个分期。整个胚胎发育期间的平均温度为4.30°C,有效积温达到7753.80(°C·h)。初孵仔鱼游泳能力较差,全身透明,卵黄囊呈圆形,占身体比例约1/2,并且成为仔鱼营养来源。出膜后10d的仔鱼,眼囊内晶体颜色变黑,卵黄囊变成椭圆形,口裂和胸鳍逐渐形成,少数仔鱼游泳能力增强,进入平游状态但仍无法开口摄食;出膜后18d,仔鱼开始上浮,卵黄囊基本吸收,血管分布较明显,腹部有黑色素沉积;上浮37d后仔鱼继续发育成稚鱼,胸鳍、腹鳍、尾鳍分化完成。本研究初步了解了乌苏里白鲑胚胎发育的特征与规律,为乌苏里白鲑种群资源恢复及人工苗种繁育工作提供...