海底热液成矿作用

根据近二三十年海底地质考察结果,海底热液成矿作用非常普遍,可以形成铜、铅、锌、金、银、铁、硫、重晶石、萤石、锑、汞和硼等海底热液矿床.按容矿岩石不同,可分为与火山岩系有关的及与沉积岩有关的两大类矿床类型.     

水对受力岩石变形破坏宏观力学效应的实验研究

为了了解水对受力岩石的宏观力学效应,在MTS电液伺服材料试验系统上,对不同饱水度的砂岩、花岗闪长岩、灰岩和大理岩进行了单轴压缩试验,取得了这几种岩石的单轴抗压强度和弹性模量随饱水度变化的定量结果.结果表明,水对受力岩石的力学效应与岩石中的含水状态是密切相关的,自然状态的砂岩、花岗闪长岩浸水后,其峰值强度和弹性模量随饱水度的增加而迅速衰减,当饱水度达到某一定值时,这两种岩石的峰值强度和弹性模量基本稳定下来;文中用函数Y=Aexp（-Bx）+C对实验结果进行了最小二乘法拟合.实验中求得水饱和状态和自然状态砂岩的泊松比并没有明显差异,说明在宏观上水对该种岩石受力变形的作用是各向同性的.通过10^-5/s和10^-4/s两种不同应变率试验,发现水对受力岩石的力学效应具有时间依赖性,这一特点说明仅从有效应力原理来考虑水对受力岩石的力学效应是不够的,而应考虑应力腐蚀这样复杂的过程.此外,大理岩的试验结果表明,水对受力的碳酸盐类岩石的作用机理是一个值得进一步探讨的问题,它与水对受力的含SiO₂类岩石相比,可能存在差异.     

Fast-changing processes in a medium subject to loading as detected by resistivity measurements

Making measurements of electric resistivity at 16 s intervals, the authors noticed fast changes of this parameter prior to the occurrence of the main fracture. The changes are superposed on bay pulsations of increasing amplitude and decreasing period. This finding opens prospects for a wider use of an electric resistivity method and proves the high quality of automatic instruments, in particular their high resolution. It also gives evidence for the occurrence of short-period precursors in the fracture zone while the main fracture is being formed.     

Storm surge mitigation through vegetation canopies

The paper of Reid and Whitaker (1976) on the effects of a vegetation canopy on flow of water is re-examined. Their assumptions on the equality of various drag coefficients are replaced by more realistic calculations. A new method for calculating wind stress on water is presented for the case when the vegetation extends above the water surface.For the case of vanishingly small water depth, it is shown that the horizontal stress is approximately constant in the vertical. This results in a diagnostic relationship for the water current as a function of the wind stress and bottom roughness.A new expression for the vertically averaged frictional force per unit mass is derived on the assumption that the friction velocity varies linearly with height. The vertical rate of change of friction velocity depends on the mean water current, the wind stress, the bottom roughness, and the water depth. This work has a possible application in the mitigation of storm surges.     

线性规划在徐州地下水资源开发中的应用

本文从地下水系统的观点出发,对徐州地区中寒武统—中奥陶统碳酸盐岩地下水系统进行了分析。并应用线性规划的原理和方法对徐州市西郊四个水源地地下水进行了水文地质计算。在规定水位允许降深的约束条件下,求得至2000年,该区地下水最大开采量为14万米~3/天及各水源地相应取水量的最佳分配。文中采用特定条件图解法计算多边界、多主井抽水干扰影响的方法,具有通用意义。     

区域航空γ能谱场地球化学解释及预测方法的探讨

本文以“铀矿区域评价准则”为依据,试用因子分析主成分比值法,铀对钍(钾)的区域相对场法和铀成矿有利指数法,对我国YW-10和YW-10B两个测区的区域航空γ能谱场进行了地球化学解释及预测方法的研究,与已知矿区660测区从宏观上做了对比分析,并研究了γ能谱参数在走向长270km,宽50—70km空间上的分布变化规律。研究结果表明,这些方法对了解成岩时原始铀的分布及后期铀的地球化学活动规律,估计成岩、成矿阶段铀源岩可能提供的生铀量,识别铀成矿有利地区是有用的。     

The effect of the Mt St Helens eruption on tropospheric and stratospheric ions

Balloon-borne observations of electrical conductivity in the troposphere and stratosphere were performed using conductivity sondes at Garmisch-Partenkirchen, West Germany, from June to November, 1980, after the Mt St Helens eruption. A significant decrease of atmospheric ions in the altitudes from the troposphere to lower stratosphere has been detected until several months after the eruption in comparison with the observational results obtained before the eruption. Simulteneous ruby lidar observation a month after the eruption indicates an increased amount of aerosol at nearly the same altitude as that of conductivity decrease. Several months after the eruption it appears that aerosols detected by lidar and those effective in reducing ion concentration have different profiles.     

高力罕凹陷地浸砂岩型铀成矿条件浅析及远景预测

高力罕凹陷为二连盆地乌尼特坳陷的一个组成部分,由有相似构造发育史的分散小湖盆(洼槽)集合而成的沉积盆地。结构复杂,表现出分割性强,多洼槽多沉积中心,岩相变化大的特点。通过对高力罕凹陷的构造特征、结构特征、沉积特征、岩性发育特征及铀成矿条件的分析,认为高力罕凹陷具有良好的铀矿找矿前景。提出该地区的找矿方向,具有一定的参考意义。     

Comment on “Is there a paleolimnological explanation for ‘walking on water’ in the Sea of Galilee?”

In a recent paper, Nof et al. (J Paleolimnol 35:417–439, 2006) suggest a physical mechanism which could account for the formation of ice on Lake Kinneret (Sea of Galilee) in northern Israel. Based on the sea surface temperature record of sediment cores from the Mediterranean Sea the authors argue that centennial-scale cold events had the potential to trigger local ‘springs ice’ formation on the lake in the past. Here, we demonstrate that a closer inspection of the paleoceanographic record in combination with correlation and regression analyses of meteorological data provides no evidence for such cold events in the lake region during the last 10,000 years. Thus, the formation of ‘springs ice’ on Lake Kinneret was unlikely at least since the beginning of the Neolithic.