面波法在堤坝隐患勘查中的应用

本文列举了采用面波法勘探探测堤坝管涵、土洞、白蚁巢穴、土体疏松带、滑坡体等隐患及评价坝体质量的成功实例,并对堤坝隐患的工程物探勘查提出建议.     

一种准刚性基础-桩-土共同作用非线性分析的近似方法

通过与刚性基础-桩群-土体系的比较,对级配碎石水密法填筑路堤-土工格栅(含基底缓冲层)-现浇薄壁筒桩复合地基体系提出了一种准刚性基础-桩-土共同作用的非线性分析近似方法。计算表明,该方法简便、实用,能较好地反映桩、土非线性特性对路堤受力变形的影响。     

Revision of the Clam Shrimp Genus Magumbonia from the Upper Jurassic of the Luanping Basin,Hebei,Northern China

The diverse clam shrimp Nestoria-Keratestheria fauna is widely distributed in the Dabeigou Formation in northern Hebei and eastern Inner Mongolia of China.Its important component genus Magumbonia from the Dabeigou Formation in the Luanping Basin,northern Hebei,China,is revised on the basis of a scanning electron microscope (SEM) examination of the type species M.jingshangensis Wang,1984,which revealed morphological features not recognized previously.These include coarse reticulation on the umbo and promi...     

开河期冰盖横向冰缝形成机理

春季随着流量或水位增加,冰盖底部受水流上举力作用发生弯曲,首先在岸壁附近形成纵向冰缝,破坏冰盖与岸壁的冻结,导致冰盖体中间部分与岸壁脱落分离。采用弹性基础梁的理论及计算方法,通过对冰盖体弯矩及弯曲应力分析,针对平面弯曲和垂直弯曲两种弯曲形式导致冰盖体横向冰缝形成机理进行了研究,并提出了横向冰缝间距的计算表达式。计算结果得到了实测资料的验证。研究结果表明,横向冰缝间距与开河初期冰盖宽度、厚度、冰的抗弯强度及地貌特征有关。     

塔里木河中游输水堤防的修建对地下水化学特征的影响

通过对塔里木河中游输水堤防修建后,沙子河口、乌斯满和阿其河口三个断面地下水化学特征自2001—2003年的时空变化的监测与分析,初步揭示了在输水堤防影响下地下水化学特征变化的初步规律,结果表明：在空间上,沙子河口断面地下水化学变化规律完全被颠倒过来,乌斯满断面,地下水化学变化规律受输水堤防的影响不十分明显,但地表积盐严重,阿其河口断面,则呈现复杂的变化;在时间上,丰枯期地下水化学特征的正常变化规律在沙子河口被彻底改变,在乌斯满和阿其河口呈现出复杂变化。由于地下水循环具有潜在性和迟滞性,要彻底揭示在输水堤防影响下地下水化学特征时空变化的规律,需要进一步跟踪监测研究。     

Evaluation of embankment foundation creep in conditions of deep bedding of roof in permafrost soils

Railroad operating experience in permafrost conditions has shown that deformations of embankments on thawing foun-dations last for a long time. After an initial period of heat settlement due to permafr...     

A CIP-based numerical simulation of free surface flow related to freak waves

An enhanced numerical model for simulating two-dimensional incompressible viscous flow with distorted free surface is reported. The numerical simulation is carried out through the CIP （Constrained Interpolation Profile）-based method, which is described in the paper. A more accurate interface capturing scheme, the VOF/WLIC scheme （VOF：Volume-of-Fluid;WLIC：weighed line interface calculation）, is adopted as the interface capturing method. To assess the developed algorithm and its versatility, a selection of test problems are examined, i.e. the square wave propagation, the Zalesak’s rigid body rotation, dam breaking problem with and without obstacles, wave sloshing in an excited wave tank and interaction between extreme waves and a floating body. Excellent agreements are obtained when numerical results are compared with available analytical, experimental, and other numerical results. These examples demonstrate that the use of the VOF/WLIC scheme in the free surface capturing makes better results and also the proposed CIP-based model is capable of predicting the freak wave-related phenomena.     

Role of piles in mitigating the movement of pipes in soft grounds during embankment loading

Abstract

Pipes buried in soft ground can be damaged due to the vertical and lateral movement of the ground during the construction of the embankment. To investigate such a movement of the soft ground, full-scale tests using embankment piles and stabilizing piles were conducted for 70?days. A pile-supported embankment has been used to reduce the deformation of soft ground by transferring the embankment load through piles to the firm layer below the soft ground, whereas stabilizing piles have been employed to resist the lateral earth pressure that is induced in soft ground by embankment loads. The Coupling Area (CA), which was defined as the quantitative index to determine the resistance effect of both settlement and lateral flow of the soft ground when the embankment was reinforced, is adapted. The analysis results of the CA indicate that the piled embankment was more effective for preventing the damage to buried pipe installed near the embankment, while the stabilizing piles had almost the same effect as the piled embankment when the pipe was buried far away from the embankment.     

Bayes约束随机场下坝基溶蚀区随机模拟方法及其影响分析

基于完全随机场模拟溶蚀岩体可能会高估其空间变异性和不能有效地利用溶蚀以外的地质信息和实践经验,提出用Bayes约束参数随机场模型描述坝基溶蚀区的随机模拟方法。引入Bayes公式,对溶蚀区域岩土参数的统计特性进行修正,反映出地质勘测的新增地质信息和试验参数信息,建立约束随机场,并在此基础上进行随机有限元分析,研究坝基溶蚀对大坝结构性态的作用效应。计算结果表明,相对于完全随机场模型,Bayes约束随机场模型更为客观地考虑了溶蚀岩体的空间变异性,有效地降低了溶蚀参数完全随机场下结构响应的模拟方差。在概率分析过程中,推荐蒙特卡洛响应面耦合方法（MC-RSM）作为适用于复杂工程的随机模拟方法,该方法能够代替直接MC法对同样力学机制的不断重复,减小计算时间成本。     

桩承式路堤土拱效应发挥过程研究

通过三维模型试验对桩承式路堤中土拱效应发挥过程进行了研究,重点分析了不同桩顶盖板尺寸、不同加筋方式下应力折减系数与差异沉降之间的关系。结果表明,土拱效应随变形的增加而发挥;加筋材料的设置减小了差异沉降,削弱了填土中的土拱效应,荷载向桩顶的传递是土拱效应和拉膜效应共同作用的结果。采用有限元法对桩间距、填土高度等未能在模型试验中考虑的关键因素进行了参数敏感性分析,总结了土拱效应发挥过程的相关规律。根据有限元计算结果、试验数据和文献中收集到的实测资料,提出用土拱效应发挥系数和归一化位移来描述土拱效应的发挥过程,建议二者之间采用双曲线方程模拟,从而在设计中体现土拱效应随位移的发展,并满足路堤填土、加筋材料和地基之间的变形协调要求。