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911.
The Southern Alps of New Zealand are the topographic expression of active oblique continental convergence of the Australian and Pacific plates. Despite inferred high rates of tectonic and climatic forcing, the pattern of differential uplift and erosion remains uncertain. We use a 25-m DEM to conduct a regional-scale relief analysis of a 250-km long strip of the western Southern Alps (WSA). We present a preliminary map of regional erosion and denudation by overlaying mean basin relief, a modelled stream-power erosion index, river incision rates, historic landslide denudation rates, and landslide density. The interplay between strong tectonic and climatic forcing has led to relief production that locally attains 2 km in major catchments, with mean values of 0.65–0.68 km. Interpolation between elevations of major catchment divides indicates potential removal of l01–103 km3, or a mean basin relief of 0.51–0.85 km in the larger catchments. Local relief and inferred river incision rates into bedrock are highest about 50–67% of the distance between the Alpine fault and the main divide. The mean regional relief variability is ± 0.5 km.Local relief, valley cross-sectional area, and catchment width correlate moderately with catchment area, and also reach maximum values between the range front and the divide. Hypsometric integrals show scale dependence, and together with hypsometric curves, are insufficient to clearly differentiate between glacial and fluvial dominated basins. Mean slope angle in the WSA (ψ = 30°) is lower where major longitudinal valleys and extensive ice cover occur, and may be an insensitive measure of regional relief. Modal slope angle is strikingly uniform throughout the WSA (φ = 38–40°), and may record adjustment to runoff and landsliding. Both ψ and φ show non-linear relationships with elevation, which we attribute to dominant geomorphic process domains, such as fluvial processes in low-altitude valley trains, surface runoff and frequent landsliding on montane hillslopes, “relief dampening” by glaciers, and rock fall/avalanching on steep main-divide slopes. 相似文献
912.
A series of raised palaeoshorelines is documented along the emergent coastal slopes of Panarea and surrounding islets at elevations of 115 (palaeoshoreline Ia) and 100 m a.s.l. (Ib), 62.5 m (II), 35 m (III), 12 m (IV), 10–12 (Va) and 5 m (Vb). According to stratigraphic constraints and cross-cutting relationships, these palaeoshorelines are correlated with discrete high sea-level stillstands during marine oxygen-isotope stages (MIS) 5e, 5c, 5a and 3. Coastal elevation changes suggest the occurrence of a long-term, sustained uplift trend of the volcanic edifice since the last interglacial (last 124 ka). The uplift rates are not constant but display a progressive deceleration from maximum values of 1.5–1.58 m/ka, in the period between 124 and 100 ka, down to the lowest values of 0.66–0.69 m/ka, which tend to be constant starting from 81 ka BP. The long-term deformation pattern of Panarea suggests that a transitory, volcano-related component of uplift interplayed with the regional tectonic component affecting the sub-volcanic basement, which has undergone a persistent and widespread uplift since the mid-Pleistocene. The volcano-related component of uplift, prevailing between 124 and 100–81 ka, is interpreted as the result of visco-elastic deformation mechanisms which characterize the progressive re-equilibration of the shallow magmatic system following the incoming quiescence of the volcanic edifice. The long-term uplift values at Panarea are higher than in the main portion of the western-central Aeolian Arc, where a mean uplift rate of 0.34 m/ka was estimated since the last interglacial (last 124 ka). Such a pattern of deformation on a regional scale may be a response to active deformation processes connected with the southeastward rollback of the subducting Ionian slab which is still active only in correspondence with the eastern sector of the Aeolian Arc (including Panarea). In the short-term, a localized submergence trend has been documented at the nearby islet of Basiluzzo for the last 2,000 years, likely connected to neo-tectonic movements along main NE–SW trending faults. 相似文献
913.
Jochen Aberle 《Acta Geophysica》2007,55(1):23-32
The roughness geometry function of the interfacial sublayer of a gravel-bed armour layer was measured directly by filling
water stepwise into a laboratory flume and indirectly from a digital elevation model (DEM) of the surface. The results of
both methods are compared and show that the DEM can be used to reliably estimate the roughness density function for a wide
range of the interfacial sublayer. The direct measurements revealed an absolute minimum of porosity at the level of the roughness
trough which is significantly smaller than porosity in the undisturbed subsurface and porosity estimates obtained from relationships
found in the literature. The significance of the results for hydraulic engineering and ecological applications is highlighted. 相似文献
914.
915.
916.
917.
关于雷达影像干涉测量的若干理论问题 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
舒宁 《武汉大学学报(信息科学版)》2001,26(2):155-159
就雷达影像干涉测量的若干理论问题进行了讨论,提出了一种高程解算数学模型,该模型基于相邻两点对于同一天线的相位差,以精确可靠的控制点为出发点,可以不必须及基线估计;提出了将控制点影像坐标与卫星位置参量按成像方程进行平差,以保证相位解缠和高程解算对控制点和卫星位置精度的要求,指出了在此基础上的基线估计方法。 相似文献
918.
919.
《The Professional geographer》1991,43(1):108-114
Electromap World Atlas , Version 1.1. Interactive Population Statistical System , Version 1.0. Jerry W. Wicks and Jose Luiz Pereira de Almeida MATHCAD , Version 2.5. Memory Mate. Micro DEM +, Version 5.21. Peter Guth NCSS – Number Cruncher Statistical System , Version 5.02. Dr. Jerry L. Hintze 相似文献
920.
本文以活动论的观点,系统分析了浙江各地质时期构造阶段的划分及其主要特征,提出了造山运动和升降运动鉴别的主要标志,阐述了地壳运动专用名称的存留方案。 相似文献