Finite element analysis for a finite conductivity fracture in an infinite poroelastic medium

In the technology of oil recovery, oil production rate can be increased by generation of a vertical conductive fracture adjacent to the well-bore. In this paper the seepage flow and isothermal deformation in both the oil formation and the fracture are studied by modelling the formation as a two-dimensional infinite poroelastic medium and the conductive fracture as a one-dimensional poroelastic material, saturated by a one-phase compressible fluid. The plane strain condition is employed. Solutions for a growing conductive fracture and a stationary conductive fracture in the infinite medium are obtained by means of the finite element method based on a variational principle for the formation which can impose the governing equations of the fracture. Infinite elements are used outside the finite element domain. Numerical results indicate that the injection rate, the applied pressure and the crack mouth opening displacement at the well-bore oscillate during the propagation of the conductive fracture. The production rate of a well with the conductive fracture is compared with that of a well without the conductive fracture. Finally, a new definition of the conductivity coefficient for the conductive fracture is presented. Copyright © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Developing constitutive models from EPR‐based self‐learning finite element analysis

A constitutive model that captures the material behavior under a wide range of loading conditions is essential for simulating complex boundary value problems. In recent years, some attempts have been made to develop constitutive models for finite element analysis using self‐learning simulation (SelfSim). Self‐learning simulation is an inverse analysis technique that extracts material behavior from some boundary measurements (eg, load and displacement). In the heart of the self‐learning framework is a neural network which is used to train and develop a constitutive model that represents the material behavior. It is generally known that neural networks suffer from a number of drawbacks. This paper utilizes evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR) in the framework of SelfSim within an automation process which is coded in Matlab environment. EPR is a hybrid data mining technique that uses a combination of a genetic algorithm and the least square method to search for mathematical equations to represent the behavior of a system. Two strategies of material modeling have been considered in the SelfSim‐based finite element analysis. These include a total stress‐strain strategy applied to analysis of a truss structure using synthetic measurement data and an incremental stress‐strain strategy applied to simulation of triaxial tests using experimental data. The results show that effective and accurate constitutive models can be developed from the proposed EPR‐based self‐learning finite element method. The EPR‐based self‐learning FEM can provide accurate predictions to engineering problems. The main advantages of using EPR over neural network are highlighted.     

Dynamic response of an offshore pile to pseudo-Stoneley waves along the interface between a poroelastic seabed and seawater

A coupled model is developed to investigate the dynamic interaction between an offshore pile, a porous seabed and seawater when subjected to the pseudo-Stoneley wave along the seabed and the seawater interface. The pile and the seabed are treated as the porous medium governed by Biot's theory, while the seawater is considered as an acoustic medium and is described by the conventional Helmholtz equation. The free field solution of the incident pseudo-Stoneley wave is obtained using Biot's theory and the potential method. Based on the boundary element method (BEM) for the porous medium and the acoustic medium, three BEM formulations are constructed for the pile, the seabed and the seawater, respectively, which are combined together using the continuity conditions between the pile, the seabed and the seawater to formulate the coupled model for the system. As shown in numerical examples, when the system is subjected to the pseudo-Stoneley wave, the maximum pore pressure of the seabed usually occurs at the region near the interfaces between the seabed and the seawater.     

活树桩固坡对边坡稳定性影响的数值分析

作为一种经济、环保的植物固坡方法,活树桩在发达国家得到了较为广泛的应用.笔者介绍了活树桩固坡方法的应用和施工方法,讨论了其加固机理.采用弹塑性有限元分析活树桩固坡对边坡稳定性的影响,研究了活树桩的入土长度、加固位置、数量、角度及其根系发展等因素对边坡安全系数影响的规律.     

拱形波纹钢屋盖动力特性测试及分析

拱形波纹钢屋盖是一种新颖的金属拱形薄壳结构，在我国已经得到了广泛的应用。由于结构的复杂性，目前有关的理论研究尚不够深入，动力研究还很少有人涉及。以18m和30m两种跨度的W666型拱形波纹钢屋盖为研究对象，测试了拱在竖向平面内振动时的频率、振型及阻尼。在所提简化计算模型的基础上，采用有限元方法计算了结构的动力特性，其结果与试验数据符合较好。测试和分析结果为该结构的动力反应研究提供了方便。     

强震作用下陡倾顺层岩质边坡失稳机制研究

安县茶坪乡冷浸沟陡倾顺层岩质边坡在\     

湖南金船塘锡铋矿床石榴子石原位LA-ICP-MS稀土元素分析及其意义

金船塘锡铋矿床是东坡矿田内一以锡铋为主的大型矽卡岩型多金属矿床。本文在详细野外地质考察、镜下观察以及电子探针分析的基础上,利用高精度LA-ICP-MS对该矿床的矽卡岩内石榴子石原位的微量元素进行了系统的分析。结果表明,金船塘锡铋矿床的钙铝榴石(Gro)大体上具重稀土(HREE)富集、轻稀土(LREE)亏损,负Eu异常的特征;而钙铁榴石(And)不同样品之间存在一定差异性,有的样品显示HREE富集、LREE亏损的特征,有的则轻重稀土分异不明显,除了多数呈Eu负异常外,还有部分表现为弱的正Eu异常,这可能是受钙铝-钙铁榴石混合物中的静电作用所导致。并且,上述不同石榴子石REE分配的差异还进一步指示,钙铝榴石(Gro)矿物生长速率较低,与孔隙流体之间基本保持动态平衡,水/岩(W/R)比值较低,其REE的化学行为主要受到晶体化学等机制的影响;钙铁榴石(And)矿物生长速率较高,具有较高的水/岩(W/R)比值,吸附作用在REE配分模式中起到重要作用。总体上,矽卡岩内的石榴子石的REE的分配呈HREE富集、LREE亏损,负Eu异常的特征,与千里山花岗岩REE分配模式一致,指示了金船塘锡铋矿床的成矿作用可能与千里山花岗岩体具有密切的成因联系。     

难熔元素和代表性放射性同位素体系分析技术的进展、问题和应用展望

Pt-Os、Re-Os和Hf-W同位素体系的母体和子体Pt、Os、Re、Hf和W以及其它铂族元素（PGE）化学性质上都是难熔的,我们将这些元素和相关同位素称为难熔元素和难熔元素放射性同位素体系。难熔元素及其放射性同位素体系不仅可以直接测定金属矿床、油气藏和沉积岩系的年龄,而且还可以有效示踪地球深部的核幔反应等过程,这是其它地球化学工具不可替代的。本文评述了当前Pt-Os、Re-Os和Hf-W同位素体系和PGE元素分析技术的研究进展,指出：（1）目前Re-Os同位素定年误差仍较大,迫切需要优化改进分析技术,大幅提高Re-Os同位素定年的准确度和成功率;（2）Pt-Re-Os和W同位素的分析技术需要简化繁琐的化学分离流程和提高仪器分析的效率,同时探索建立新的化学分离和仪器分析方法,进一步提高分析精度,实现对更低Pt、Re、Os和W含量样品的准确分析,才能更有效地示踪地球深部物质循环过程;（3）PGE的元素分析技术尚需改进,分析精度仍需要进一步提升。我们预期随着进一步提升难熔元素和代表性放射性同位素的分析精度,显著降低同位素定年误差,其将在核-幔、幔-幔和壳-幔物质循环过程示踪、金属矿床精细定年和成因机制、复杂含油气系统的定年和示踪以及中元古代环境变化等研究中得到更广泛的应用。

     

激光探针等离子体质谱同时测定锆石微区铀—铅年龄及微量元素

建立了一种利用激光探针等离子体质谱技术同时原位测定锆石Ｐｂ－Ｐｂ及Ｐｂ－Ｕ年龄和２５个微量元素的快速分析方法。Ｐ的检出限为１４μｇ／ｇ,Ｓｃ的检出限为３μｇ／ｇ,Ｒｂ、Ｎｂ、Ｂａ稀土元素Ｎｄ、Ｇｄ、Ｄｙ、Ｅｒ及Ｙｂ的检出限为０．１￣０．３μｇ／ｇ,Ｐｂ的检出限０．５μｇ／ｇ,其它稀土元素及Ｓｒ、ｙ、Ｈｆ、Ｔａ、Ｔｈ和Ｕ的检出限为１０￣９０ｎｇ／ｇ。方法对绝大多数微量元素的相对标准偏差为５￣１５％;     

东太平洋海隆13°N表层含金属沉积物物质组成与元素赋存状态

为了解不同类型含金属沉积物在物质组成和元素赋存状态的差异,对东太平洋海隆13°N洋中脊两侧表层含金属沉积物(站号:E271和E53)进行了矿物学、地球化学分析,顺序提取实验,并与前人对轴部表层沉积物(站号:17A-EPR-TVG1)的研究结果作了对比分析。研究结果表明, E271和E53是远端含金属沉积物,由非浮力热液羽状流中颗粒物沉降所形成的;17A-EPR-TVG1沉积物是近喷口含金属沉积物,由黑烟囱或者热液硫化物丘状体崩塌、堆积,或者由热液羽状流中Fe-Mn氧化物和硫化物快速沉淀而形成的,近喷口沉积物比远端沉积物更富集Fe、Cu和Zn等元素。元素在两种含金属沉积物中的赋存状态基本相同,除了Fe,Cu,Zn,Mo和稀土元素(REE)等元素在远端沉积物中主要存在于Fe-Mn氧化物相,在近喷口沉积物中主要在残留相中。远端沉积物中REE页岩标准化配分模式与海水相似,表明REE主要来自海水,而近喷口沉积物中REE配分模式与热液流体相似,说明REE以高温热液流体来源为主。相关研究结果加深了对热液沉积作用研究的认识。