Optimizing fixed observational assets in a coastal observatory

Proliferation of coastal observatories necessitates an objective approach to managing of observational assets. In this article, we used our experience in the coastal observatory for the Columbia River estuary and plume to identify and address common problems in managing of fixed observational assets, such as salinity, temperature, and water level sensors attached to pilings and moorings. Specifically, we addressed the following problems: assessing the quality of an existing array, adding stations to an existing array, removing stations from an existing array, validating an array design, and targeting of an array toward data assimilation or monitoring.     

基于VBA开发的电磁波观测资料管理软件

本地震前兆电磁波观测数据处理软件（DCB软件）是一个基于Excel数据平台,用VBA编写的管理软件。本软件具有数据自动录入、数据库管理、绘图和打印等功能。以Excel作为数据处理平台的DCB软件具有以下优点：操作简单、数据直观、制作图表方便、便于数据管理、分析统计、传递交流,等等。VBA程序则具有容易学习、理解,方便修改等优点。     

地震电磁前兆的观测

地震的电磁前兆现象越来越受到人们的关注,地震电磁观测技术也在不断地得到发展和改进,已经由被动的观测发展到主动的观测,由地面局部的观测扩展到空间卫星全球范围的观测。文中介绍当前国内外在地震电磁观测方面的研究进展和实例,展望了我国未来地震电磁观测技术的发展。     

地震台阵监测能力综述

根据各大网站地震目录和前人研究成果,分析全球地震台网与地震台阵、我国区域台网与地震台阵的监测能力,阐述了地震台阵与密集台网/台阵的区别。研究表明,对同一地区所检测的地震数,地震台阵是地震台网的3—10倍,而震级下限可降低1.2—2级。一般情况下,以微弱信号检测为目的的地震台阵监测能力均优于以结构研究为目的的密集台网/台阵,2种台阵是目的、性质、孔径、形状、台间距、技术手段、研究方法均不同的监测系统。     

鹤岗地震台阵记录的矿震与天然地震频谱特征分析

基于鹤岗地震台阵勘选数据,分析各子台记录的矿震和天然地震的频谱特征,从各子台频谱一致性角度对观测场地进行评估;采用希尔伯特—黄变换(Hilbert-Huang,简称HHT)方法,分析矿震和天然地震的时频特征。结果显示:勘选记录的地震频谱特征与已有研究一致,各子台特征也较一致,该勘选场地适合建设台阵;由经验模态分解(EMD)后的本征模态函数(IMF)分量可以明显识别出矿震面波,矿震和天然地震的HHT谱的时频特征有明显区别。     

Quick Phase Identification for Dense Seismic Array with Aid from Long Term Phase Records of Co-located Sparse Permanent Stations

The phase identification and travel time picking are critical for seismic tomography, yet it will be challenging when the numbers of stations and earthquakes are huge. We here present a method to quickly obtain P and S travel times of pre-determined earthquakes from mobile dense array with the aid from long term phase records from co-located permanent stations. The records for 1 768 M ≥ 2.0 events from 2011 to 2013 recorded by 350 ChinArray stations deployed in Yunnan Province are processed with an improved AR-AIC method utilizing cumulative envelope and rectilinearity. The reference arrivals are predicted based on phase records from 88 permanent stations with similar spatial coverage, which are further refined with AR-AIC. Totally, 718 573 P picks and 512 035 S picks are obtained from mobile stations, which are 28 and 22 times of those from permanent stations, respectively. By comparing the automatic picks with manual picks from 88 permanent stations, for M ≥ 3.0 events, 81.5% of the P-pick errors are smaller than 0.5 second and 70.5% of S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second. For events with a lower magnitude, 76.5% P-pick errors fall into 0.5 second and 69.5% S-pick errors are smaller than 1 second. Moreover, the Pn and Sn phases are easily discriminated from directly P/S, indicating the necessity of combining traditional auto picking and integrating machine learning method.     

岫岩—海城5.6级地震前电磁前兆变化特征

岫岩－海城５．６级地震前半年内,先后出现了义县地电阻率,台安地电阻率异常变化,这些异常信息也是该次地震成功预报和重要前兆判据之一。研究认为,震前的义县、台安地电阻异常属于“场兆”,而临震前的电磁辐射信息是“源兆”。同时,电阻率的异常变化显示出向震中迁移的特点。     

Complex site effects and building codes: Making the leap

The engineering community is aware of the importance of site effects, but it lags behind seismological studies when it comes to incorporating site effect considerations in design spectra for seismic norms. This lag is reflected in the conspicuous fact that current building codes make allowance for 1D site effects but ignore complex site effects. The purpose of this paper is to explore a way for including complex site effects in a building code environment. We take as example Eurocode 8, which is a modern code that exemplifies the current approach to site effect consideration. We examine the restrictions that we have imposed to make the problem of a feasible size and discuss the approach we have taken. We propose a strategy to incorporate a class of complex site effects in a design elastic spectrum.     

Sq的经度效应

本文提供了一个事实:同纬度不同经度台站的S_q曲线可以有很大的差异。对拉萨台的S_q异常作了一些初步的、定性的分析与解释。对八丈台的S_q异常则认为难以解释,值得深入研究。     

GDS—1000宽频带通用流动数字地震观测系统

GDS-1000宽频带通用流动数字地震观测系统主要用于大陆岩石层的人工及天然地震台阵研究、强震观测以及余震观测台网的临时布设。其主要技术指标为:动态范围120dB,前放增益1,16,128倍可调,高端频率6.25,25,45Hz可调,采样率25,100,200Hz可调,1MB固态数据存储器借助地震数据的压缩软件可以存储3MB以上的数据,工作温度范围-10—45℃,功耗小于3W。定时接受的BPM无线电授时信号可保证记录系统时钟校正误差小于10ms。其智能化地震触发系统可处于下列模态:近震触发,远震触发,近震和远震触发,任意地面运动信号触发,以及手动触发和定时触发。DSR-1000数字地震数据回收系统用于GDS-1000的参数预置、地震事件数据的转储和地震图的现场绘制。该系统在野外试验期间已取得大量近震、远震及核爆炸记录。