中国地球电磁法新进展和发展趋势

本文用有限的篇幅,重点介绍近几年地球电磁法在深部结构探测、能源和资源勘探、环境和工程探查、地震等灾害监测以及新技术和软件等方面的最新发展状况,介绍几个有发展和应用潜力的新电磁技术.     

IMPACT OF CLIMATE ON SUMMER RESIDENTIAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION IN HONG KONG

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On transient electric potential variations in a standing tree and atmospheric electricity

Transient electric potential variations have been observed in a standing poplar tree equipped with electrodes up to a height of 10.5 m. The simultaneous signals at all electrodes have the same shape and their amplitude grows linearly with height, up to values of 10 to 50 mV. This corresponds to an electric current through the tree of the order of a few μA. The frequency of appearance of the signals does not depend on the season or on the time of the day. It is suggested that the potential variations are caused by the passage of thunderstorm clouds, of little activity, whose electrically charged base could induce charges in the ground and give rise to a current flowing through the tree and discharging at its top by point discharge.     

Some air electricity phenomena caused by waterfalls: Correlative study of the spectra

According to our previous measurements, waterfalls permanently modify air ion spectra. In this paper we performed a correlative study of these results and proposed some pathways which can produce the observed waterfall ions. The small ion composition near waterfalls should be different from that further away due to gaseous OH⁻ core (water shell) clusters. We assumed that the combination of factors (autoionization, fluctuating charge rearrangement, surface protrusions, collisions, Coulomb explosion) serves as the main source of observed intermediate ions, and an extra source for large ions. Evaporation of droplets produces nearly equal numbers of positive and negative intermediate and large ions. Waterfall-produced intermediate ions can attach to the waterfall-produced larger particles, which creates an additional link between the waterfall intermediate and large ions.     

基于GIS的输电信息系统研究与开发

正确、及时、全面地获取输电网络的各种资源信息,并加以提炼、分析,实现输电管理部门间的协同工作和信息共享,为管理者和决策者提供辅助决策依据,从而保障输电网络安全、高效地运行,提高企业的综合经济效益,降低电网运行维护中的损耗。 本文提出了采用C／S＋B／S 2种开发模式相结合的混合体系结构作为系统的总体解决方案。以ESRI公司的ArcGIS系列产品作为基础的GIS开发系统,以．NET的核心语言C#作为系统的最终开发语言。同时,功能强大的数据库软件Oracle和空间数据库引擎ArcSDE为系统统一协调、并发处理以及共享分布各种信息提供了可靠的保障。该系统具有界面友好、方便实用、安全稳定、兼容性强、伸缩性强和扩展性强等特点。该系统已经应用到部分地市,具有极其广阔的推广应用前景。     

湖南辰溪仙人湾埃洛石的表面吸附性能研究

通过N2吸附-解吸附、表面电位测试及透射电镜等手段研究了湖南辰溪仙人湾埃洛石的表面吸附性能。本区埃洛石属中空管体,吸脱附等温线属于Ⅱ类等温线。由BJH方程计算孔径在2.5~200 nm之间均有分布,集中在3~40 nm之间,由HK方程计算微孔集中分布在0.6~1.9 nm之间。天蓝色埃洛石孔隙丰富,以中微孔为主,纯白色埃洛石孔隙发育程度相对较低,以微、中、大孔为主。埃洛石的表面零电点接近pH=2。在pH=5~10之间,Zeta电位趋向稳定在-40 mV左右。本区埃洛石比表面积为35~87 m2/g,平均孔径为16.20~30.12 nm,具有很强的气体吸附能力和离子交换吸附能力。天蓝色埃洛石表面吸附性能最强,是优先考虑的开发对象。     

电阻率成像技术在沁河大堤隐患探测中的应用

利用高密度电法仪,采用施龙贝格装置对沁河大堤某合同段进行了电阻率CT探测。坝体内的破碎、沉降、裂缝以及洞穴等隐患部位有均匀清晰的反映。江河大坝是其流域地区人民生命财产安全的保障,是关系到国泰民安的大事。对沁河大堤的隐患探测具有重要价值和意义。以电阻率成像法的运用,使得解释工作更加方便与直观,并具有较好的实用性、有效性和可操作性。     

土建施工中超高压电力排管加固措施及其监测

在地下车道施工中,因距一电力排管较近,需对该排管进行加固及跟踪监测,该文根据监测数据对该排管变形进行分析,并对加固方案进行安全性评估。     

一种DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光影像中国区域的校正方法

随着遥感技术的快速发展,国防气象卫星计划作战线扫描系统（DMSP/OLS）夜间灯光图像开始更多的应用于人文经济研究中。由于原始影像存在较多问题,如DN值饱和、年际不连续问题等,因此在使用之前需要对影像进行校正。“传统不变区域法”是应用较为广泛的校正方法,但仍存在部分问题,如未考虑目标区域长时间尺度上的微弱变化以及连续校正前基准年份的选取。本文对传统不变目标区域法进行改良,以黑龙江鹤岗市作为不变目标区域,选取3期辐射定标影像作为参考影像对DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光影像进行饱和校正,通过对比各年份影像饱和校正情况,选出最为合理的基准年份,从而对饱和校正后的影像进行连续性校正。为验证影像校正精度,本文从国家像元DN值、省级GDP与电力消费量、地级市GDP和县域GDP 4个层面与对应DN值进行线性回归检验,结果显示经改进方法校正后DMSP/OLS稳定夜间灯光影像TDN与市级GDP的拟合度（R2）平均值为0.85,远大于传统方法校正TDN与市级GDP拟合度（R2）平均值的0.53,且随着时间推移,传统不变目标区域法校正后拟合度逐渐降低至2013年的0.40,而利用改进后方法进行校正的拟合度未出现递减现象,2013年其R2仍为0.88,表明与传统不变区域法相比校正精度明显提高,饱和问题得到较大改善。     

Enhancement in wind-driven sand transport by electric fields

Aeolian grain transport is a powerful erosion mechanism and a significant factor affecting atmospheric dynamics by the creation of particulate aerosols. Electric fields, both natural and man-made, occur widely at the Earths surface in environments where granular material is found. Such electric fields may induce electrification of granular material and affect the transport dynamics of the grains. In this laboratory study we show that the influence of such electric fields is significant at field strengths well below that at which breakdown occurs and present a simple semi-empirical expression which allows this mechanism to be quantified.