基于GIS的陕北景观结构

以陕西土地利用现状图作为数据基础,应用Arc/Info和Arc/view等GIS专业软件,对陕北地区的景观进行了分类,并形成了景观分类图。利用景观格局分析软件FRAGSTATS,在斑块类型和景观两个水平上计算了相应的参数和景观指数,定量揭示了整个区域的景观格局与类型特征。为进行深入研究和揭示生态过渡地带生态过程奠定了基础。     

地理信息系统中自然语言查询的分词处理与应用

随着地理信息系统应用的不断发展,本文提出了在地理信息系统中对基于受限自然语言的查询语句进行分词处理的方法--首字扩词分词法。该分词方法在汲取正向最大匹配分词方法的核心思想--长词优先原则。为了缩小匹配范围,提高匹配效率,该方法首先根据查询自然语言的首字对词汇库的记录进行筛选,得到以该首字开头的词汇库子集;然后再按照长词优先原则把原查询语句与词汇库子集进行匹配,切分查询语句。通过比较,该方法比正向最大匹配方法具有较小的时间复杂度。同时,采用DELPHI编程语言在计算机上得到了实现。     

地理信息系统发展趋势

本文根据国内外在地理信息系统方面的进展，就地理信息系统的科学概念、基本构成和它的以下一些发展趋势作了讨论：（1）地理信息系统是构成地理学日臻完善的技术体系的重要部分；（2）空间分析功能是系统研究和应用的主要目标；（3）系统最重要的技术问题是管理和存储大量空间数据的数据结构；（4）综合性的发展特色日益明显；（5）标准化和智能型的发展方向已引起关注。     

Systems for Hazards Identification in High Mountain Areas： An Example from the Kullu District, Western Himalaya

Methods and techniques for the identification, monitoring and management of natural hazards in high mountain areas are enumerated and described. A case study from the western Himalayan Kullu District in Himachal Pradesh, India is used to illustrate some of the methods. Research on the general topic has been conducted over three decades and that in the Kullu District has been carried out since 1994. Early methods of hazards identification in high mountain areas involved intensive and lengthy fieldwork and mapping with primary reliance on interpretation of landforms, sediments and vegetation thought to be indicative of slope fail ures, rock falls, debris flows, floods and accelerated soil surface erosion. Augmented by the use of airphotos and ad hoc observations of specific events over time, these methods resulted in the gradual accumulation of information on hazardous sites and the beginnings of a chronology of occurrences in an area. The use of historical methods applied to written and photographic material, often held in archives and libraries, further improved the resolution of hazards information. In the past two decades, both the need for, and the ability to, accurately identify potential hazards have increased. The need for accurate information and monitoring comes about as a result of rapid growth in population, settlements, transportation infrastructure and intensified land uses and, therefore, risk and vulnerability in mountain areas. Ability has improved as the traditional methods of gathering and manipulating data have been supplemented by the use of remotesensing, automated terrain modeling, global positioning systems and geographical information systems. This paper focuses on the development and application of the latter methods and techniques to characterize and monitor hazards in high mountain areas.     

城市综合功能GIS开发问题研究

首次提出了城市综合功能地理信息系统并对其作了介绍 ,在此基础上 ,对应用模式、开发问题、开发注意事项等进行了讨论。     

GIS技术发展趋势探讨

文章探讨了GIS在其软件技术体系及与其他技术结合中的发展趋势,并阐述了GIS更高层次地球信息科学(Geo-Information Science)和数字地球(Digital Earth)的发展。     

21世纪高校GIS本科人才培养方案的研究

地理信息系统专业是一个新办专业，就目前而言，从教学计划、教学大纲、课程设置、教材的系统建设等方面都还存在问题。主要从GIS本科的培养目标计划、课程体系建设、实践教学及教与学的关系等方面阐述了思想，以与大家探讨如何建设一个规范、成熟的地理信息系统专业。     

A preliminary application GIS in glaciological research along the traverse route from Zhongshan Station to Dome A, Antarctica

1　IntroductionGeographicalinformationsystem (GIS)isanefficientwayandimportanttechniquetomanage,displayandanalyzeAntarcticspatialdata.GIScanbeusedtomakeandre newmapproductsquickly ,evaluateenvironment,supportlogisticmanagementandfieldoperation,providechancetoextractnewknowledge,andtopromoteinformationex changeamongnationsunderthedemandoftheMadridProtocol(AADC 2 0 0 1 ;MAGIC1 998;1 999) .WorkingGroupofGeodesyandGeographicInformation (WG GGI)ofScientificCommitteeonAntarcticResearch (…     

Suspended sediment dynamics in a steep,glacier‐fed mountain stream,Place Creek,Canada

This study examined suspended sediment concentration (SSC) during the ablation seasons of 2000 and 2001 in Place Creek, Canada, a steep, glacier‐fed mountain stream. Comparison of stream flow in Place Creek with that in an adjacent, almost unglacierized catchment provided a rational basis for separating the ablation seasons into nival, nival–glacial, glacial and autumn recession subseasons. Distinct groupings of points in plots of electrical conductivity against discharge supported the validity of the subseasonal divisions in terms of varying hydrological conditions. Relationships between SSC and discharge (Q) varied between the two study seasons, and between subseasons. Hysteresis in the SSC–Q relationship was evident at both event and weekly time‐scales. Some suspended sediment released from pro‐glacial Place Lake (the source of Place Creek) appeared to be lost to channel storage at low flows, especially early in the ablation season, with re‐entrainment at higher flows. Multiple regression models were derived for the subseasons using predictor variables including Q, Q², the change in Q over the previous 3 h, cumulative discharge over the ablation season, total precipitation over the previous 24 h and SSC measured at 1500 hours as an index value for each day. The models produced adjusted R² values ranging from 0·71 to 0·91, and provided tentative insights into the differences in SSC dynamics amongst subseasons. Introduction of the index value of SSC significantly improved the model fit during the nival–glacial and glacial subseasons for both years, as it adjusts the model to the current condition of sediment supply. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.