Meixner functions for derivation of the unit hydrograph

The Meixner functions are utilized to relate the effective rainfall, the direct runoff and the unit hydrograph through linkage equations. The linkage equations are then employed to derive the unit hydrograph for given rainfall-runoff data on a small agricultural watershed. These functions are tested with regard to their ability to reproduce and predict the direct runoff hydrograph. The Meixner functions are found to be an effective analytical tool for hydrograph synthesis. Further, they compare well with the least squares and linear programming methods of the unit hydrograph derivation.     

高煤级煤储层煤层气产能“瓶颈”问题研究

基于山西沁水盆地高煤级煤储层宏观裂隙、显微裂隙的连续观测,孔隙的系统测量,结合应力渗透率、气-水相对渗透率、吸附膨胀等实验成果,分析了高煤级煤储层三级渗流特征,探讨了有效应力和煤基质收缩对高煤级煤储层渗透率的耦合作用,系统揭示了在地面排水降压开发煤层气的过程中,高煤级煤储层初期产气量高,数月后急剧衰减之“瓶颈”现象,找出了造成高煤级煤储层产气缺陷的根本原因。鉴于高煤级煤储层物性的特殊性,指出了高煤级煤储层煤层气开发的技术和措施。     

安徽省煤炭资源有效供给能力评价分析

后备煤炭资源储量的规模直接决定着宏观煤炭工业的规划和发展“。煤炭资源有效供给能力”是近年来煤炭地质经济研究工作提出的一个新的概念,本文尝试应用煤炭资源有效供给能力概略评价方法,结合我省实际,制订适合我省煤炭资源现状的评价原则和评价办法,评价我省实际有效的煤炭资源供给能力结论为:煤炭资源较丰富,有效供给能力较好。     

中间法电磁波测距三角高程代替精密水准测量的研究

本文在简要介绍中间法电磁波测距三角高程测量原理基础上,推导了高差计算及精度估算公式;分析了中间法测量代替精密水准测量的必要条件、重要条件和次要条件。通过大量实测数据对比分析,验证了中间法测量代替精密水准测量的可行性,最后给出了中间法测量的实施方案。     

文化遗产旅游解说与翻译:评述与启示

文化独特性是文化遗产型景区的核心吸引力,了解和欣赏异质文化遗产是文化旅游者的主要动机,解说翻译是跨文化遗产旅游的桥梁。由于国内旅游规划对文化遗产旅游解说特点研究不够,景区管理者对双语解说信息创作对象不了解,导致文化遗产解说与翻译的质量影响了跨文化遗产旅游的解说教育效果,错过了通过文化遗产旅游平台对外宣传中华文化的良好机会。综述了旅游解说的概念、内涵以及有效解说和信息创作的原则,在总结文化遗产旅游特点的基础上,提出了文化遗产型景区英文解说翻译应针对国际旅游者特点的信息再创造的观点。建议文化遗产旅游景区制定针对国际旅游者消费特点的双语解说规划;旅游规划和翻译学术界应重视旅游双语解说规划和翻译的研究;翻译者在具备双语、双文化翻译能力的同时,还应该了解旅游解说和信息创作的跨学科知识。     

光合有效辐射和紫外辐射测量标准的性能验证

2010年中国气象局建立了气象行业光合有效辐射和紫外辐射测量标准.标准建成后,标准器的各项技术性能指标必须经过实际测试来验证.通过对光谱辐射计的波长精密度、准确度、杂散光、重复性、稳定性、探头余弦响应等参数的测试验证,以及对整个标准的测量误差来源及不确定度的分析和评定,得以验证紫外辐射测量标准DTMc300双单色仪光谱辐射计满足世界气象组织(WMO)相关规定的技术指标要求.     

Trends in graded precipitation in China from 1961 to 2000

Daily precipitation rates observed at 576 stations in China from 1961 to 2000 were classified into six grades of intensity, including trace （no amount）, slight （≤ 1 mm d^-1）, small, large, heavy, and very heavy. The last four grades together constitute the so called effective precipitation （〉 1 mm d^-1）. The spatial distribution and temporal trend of the graded precipitation days are examined. A decreasing trend in trace precipitation days is observed for the whole of China, except at several sites in the south of the middle section of the Yangtze River, while a decreasing trend in slight precipitation days only appears in eastern China. The decreasing trend and interannual variability of trace precipitation days is consistent with the warming trend and corresponding temperature variability in China for the same period, indicating a possible role played by increased surface air temperature in cloud formation processes. For the effective precipitation days, a decreasing trend is observed along the Yellow River valley and for the middle reaches of the Yangtze River and Southwest China, while an increasing trend is found for Xinjiang, the eastern Tibetan Plateau, Northeast China and Southeast China. The decreasing trend of effective precipitation days for the middle- lower Yellow River valley and the increasing trend for the lower Yangtze River valley are most likely linked to anomalous monsoon circulation in East China. The most important contributor to the trend in effective precipitation depends upon the region concerned.     

气溶胶对北京中尺度对流系统影响的数值试验

利用可分辨云模式(WRF),模拟研究了不同气溶胶浓度对北京地区2001年8月23日一次产生强降水和冰雹的对流天气的影响。结果表明,气溶胶浓度的增加不利于对流云的发展,导致地面降水减小,但是对降水结构没有明显影响。气溶胶浓度增加导致云中水成物数浓度和质量浓度均发生变化,其中云水、冰晶和雪含量增加,而雨水、霰和雹含量减小。从云微物理学分析发现,气溶胶浓度减小有利于高层云的形成,云滴有效半径随着气溶胶浓度增加而减小。     

Petrophysical software for interpreting integrated well-logging data based on spectrometric gamma-logging

This paper discusses modern techniques of identification of reservoir rocks of complex mineral composition in low-thickness layers. The principal purpose of the study is the elaboration of an optimal set of petrophysical investigations used for interpretation of well-logging (WL) data. The solution of the problem lies in generating a mineral-component model of sediments and in finding a range of admissible values of every macro component and its petrographic parameters.