福建省中部沿海地区十二万年来的古气候

根据福建中部沿海地区有关钻孔或露头第四系孢粉样的研究,将该区距今12万年以来的古气候划分为七个气候期:(1)温暖湿润的琅岐期,距今12.0—7.0万年;(2)冷干的前福州期,距今7.0—4.1万年;(3)前期凉爽,后期温湿的福州期,距今4.1—2.0万年;(4)冷干的后福州期,距今2.0—1.2万年;(5)稍温干的前长乐期,距今1.2—0.8万年;(6)暖热湿润的长乐期,距今0.8—0.3万年;(7)稍温湿的后长乐期,距今0.3万年至现在。福建省中部沿海地区晚更新世下限距今约12万年,全新世下限距今约1.2万年。     

西藏北羌塘盆地帚状旋扭构造体系及对油气找寻战略的思考

以北羌塘盆地多格错仁地区为例,重点分析和论述了该地区地层、构造组合及其空间展布规律,指出北羌塘盆地多格错仁地区多级复式褶曲及与其匹配的边界断裂所构成的三级构造单元,呈现帚状构造组合特征,进而提出北羌塘盆地为一大型帚状旋扭构造体系。油气找寻的战略方向应在该体系向东南撤开的方向上,重点是多格错仁—赤布张错一带的广大区域。     

关于上海地区金山群大地构造属性的思考

根据上海地区金山群的岩石组合、原岩及原岩建造、变质作用、构造形变特征,以及已有的同位素年龄值,认为金山群与浙东南陈蔡群基本一致,是华厦古陆块的基底组分。参照华厦古板块与扬子古板岩多期聚合的观点,推断分布在(?)径——川沙断裂南东侧的金山群块断体,是晋宁期末二古板块碰撞对接、于结合带内形成的构造推叠岩片。     

新疆南天山库尔干一带泥盆纪—早石炭世放射虫组合的发现

新疆南天山库尔干南阿尔腾柯斯组硅质岩地层中发现了丰富的保存良好的放射虫化石，共计21属34种，11个未定种，1个未定种属。研究表明，两个样品的放射虫组合时代分别为中-晚泥盆世和早石炭世。中-晚泥盆世放射虫组合的发现，丰富了库车地区泥盆纪放射虫生物群组合，为确定阿尔腾柯斯组的时代奠定了生物化石依据。结合前人对该组生物化石的研究，该组为跨时代岩石地层单元，应予解体。而具有早泥盆世-晚石炭世放射虫硅质岩的深水海相沉积地层为古南天山洋盆的演化过程提供了地层学证据。     

冀中饶阳凹陷大王庄地区古近系沉积演化特征与储盖组合分析

冀中饶阳凹陷大王庄地区古近系属断陷湖盆演化阶段,分为断陷分割期、断陷扩张期和断陷萎缩期3个时期,发育辫状河三角洲、滨浅湖和曲流河3类沉积体系。在等时地层格架内,分析了该地区沉积演化特征和储盖组合的分布及时空展布规律,指出该区古近系主要发育沙三段、沙二段、沙一段和东营组4套储盖组合,其中沙一段储盖组合为最有利的含油储盖组合。     

滇东伊迪卡拉（震旦）系顶部旧城段多样宏体化石群的发现?

中国云南东部晋宁、江川地区的伊迪卡拉（震旦）系顶部灯影组旧城段新发现了多样的宏体化石群，除了丰富的Vendotaenia与Tyrasotaenia类化石以外，以形体较大的Tawuia类和Longfengshaniaceae科等具固着构造的底栖多细胞藻类化石占据优势，另有一些形态奇特、亲缘关系不明的宏体化石，该组合与华南陡山沱组和灯影组石板滩段的宏体化石组合相比存在着明显的差别。依据形态特征，本文概述了部分产自江川旧城段的具有不同类型固着构造的底栖藻类和归属不明的宏体化石特征。华南滇东地区旧城段形态多样的宏体藻类化石的发现，进一步表明伊迪卡拉纪末期存在后生植物的多样化发展。这一时期浮游微生物和后生植物的共同繁盛可能为早寒武世“澄江生物群”的爆发奠定了生态基础。     

Mineral Components, Texture, and Forming Conditions of Hydrothermal Chimney on the East Pacific Rise at 9°-10°N

To characterize the hydrothermal processes of East Pacific rise at 9°-10°N, sulfide mineral compositions, textural, and geochemical features of chimney ores were studied using ore microscope,scanning electron microscope, X-ray diffraction analysis, and electron microprobe techniques. Results show that there are three mineral assemblages for the hydrothermal chimney ores, namely：（i） anhydrite ＋ marcasite ＋ pyrite, （ii） pyrite ＋ sphalerite ＋ chalcopyrite, and （iii） chalcopyrite ＋ bornite ＋ digenite ＋ covellite. Mineral assemblages, zonational features, and geochemical characteristics of the ore minerals indicate that ore fluid temperature changed from low to high then to low with a maximum temperature up to 400 ℃. The chimney is a typical black smoker. The initial structure of the chimney was formed by the precipitation of anhydrites, and later the sulfides began to precipitate in the inner wall.     

Subtropical to temperate facies from a transition zone, mixed carbonate–siliciclastic system, Palaeogene, North Carolina, USA

Palaeogene passive margin sediments on the US mid‐Atlantic coastal plain provide valuable insight into facies interaction and distribution on mixed carbonate–siliciclastic shelves. This study utilizes well cuttings, outcrop, core, and seismic data to document temporal and spatial variations in admixed bryozoan‐rich skeletal carbonates and sandy siliciclastic units that were deposited on a humid passive margin located in the vicinity of a major marine transition zone. This zone was situated between north‐flowing, warm waters of the ancestral Gulf Stream (carbonate dominated settings) and south‐flowing, cold waters of the ancestral Labrador Current (siliciclastic dominated settings). Some degree of mixing of carbonates and siliciclastics occurs in all facies; however, siliciclastic‐prone sediments predominate in nearshore settings, while carbonate‐prone sediments are more common in more open marine settings of the inner shelf break and deep shelf. A distinctive dual‐break shelf depositional profile originated following a major Late Cretaceous to Palaeocene transgression that drowned the earlier shallow platform. This profile was characterized by prominent mid‐shelf break dividing the shallow shelf from the deep shelf and a major continental shelf/slope break. Incomplete filling of available accommodation space during successive buildup of the shallow shelf preserved the topographic break on this passive margin. Storm wave base also contributed to the preservation of the dual‐break shelf geometry by beveling shallow shelf sediments and transporting them onto and seaward of the mid‐shelf break. Sediment fines in deep shelf facies were produced in place, transported downdip from the shallow shelf by storm ebb currents and boundary currents, and reworked from adjacent areas of the deep shelf by strike‐parallel boundary currents. Regional climate and boundary currents controlled whether carbonate or siliciclastic material was deposited on the shelf, with warmer waters and more humid climates favouring carbonate deposition and cooler, more arid conditions favouring glaucony and siliciclastic dominated deposition. Continuous wave and current sweeping of the shallow shelf favoured deposition of mud‐lean facies across much of the shallow shelf. Skeletal components in much of the carbonate‐rich strata formed in warm, nutrient‐rich subtropical waters, as indicated by widespread occurrences of larger benthic foraminifera and molluscan assemblages. These indicators of warm water deposition within the bryozoan‐mollusk‐rich carbonate assemblage on this shelf provide an example of a warm water bryomol assemblage; such facies generally are associated with cooler water depositional settings.     

三峡库区农业生态经济系统的预警分析

从系统与环境相统一的角度,研究了农业生态经济系统的模型、特征、预警分析的意义和内容;以三峡库区为例,从系统序化的观点,确定了这个系统的社会、经济、环境功能和状态的主要指标的警戒线;并与这些指标的现状、过去与未来趋势值进行对比;分别对现状预警、趋势预警和突变预警进行了评价;最后作了简易的对策探讨．     

酸法地浸采铀的地下水生态环境问题

本文综述了利用酸法地浸采铀对采铀区及其周围地下水生态环境的影响方式、影响程度以及针对这些影响所采用的各种治理手段和效果。并就我国刚刚起步不久的酸法地浸采铀中地下水生态环境的保护和恢复,提出了一些建议。