东南极埃默里冰架东缘赖茵博尔特丘陵构造变形过程及其构造意义

对赖茵博尔特丘陵地区的构造变形过程分析表明,该地区发育4期主要构造变形.D1期主要是区域性近EW向片麻理形成阶段,其变形时代为＞970 Ma;D2期是在正片麻岩形成了近EW向轴面陡立韧性剪切褶皱,以及剪切面理上发育的各种紧闭不对称褶皱和低角度拉伸线理,其变形时代为新元古代早期.D3期变形发生在寒武纪早期,以构造抬升至地...     

河北平原冬小麦播种面积收缩及由此节省的水资源量估算

以河北平原1998-2010 年11 地市的农业统计数据和22 个气象站点的逐日气温、降水量、水汽压、风速、日照时数和相对湿度等资料为基础,对该地区冬小麦播种面积的收缩情况及由此引发的耕作制度变化进行了分析;同时,结合作物系数法和逐旬有效降水量法,计算了不同耕作制度下的水分亏缺量,进而估算了该地区因耕作制度变化节省的水资源量。结果表明:① 该时段河北平原11 地市冬小麦的播种面积均呈收缩趋势,总面积下降了16.07%,约49.62×10⁴ hm²。京津唐城市群表现最为明显,下降了47.23%;② 冬小麦的降水满足率仅为20%~30%,而春玉米和夏玉米均为50%以上;冬小麦-夏玉米一年两熟制所需的灌溉水资源量为400~530 mm,而春玉米一年一熟制仅为160~210 mm;③ 该时段河北平原因冬小麦播种面积收缩而节省的灌溉水资源量约为15.96×10⁸ m³/a,相当于南水北调中线一期工程为京津冀三省市供水量的27.85%。     

东特提斯板块会聚边缘与岛弧造山作用

本文重点简述了特提斯构造域内古、中、新三个演化阶段的蛇绿混杂岩与岛弧带的时空展布及其沟一弧一盆体系,所识别出的蛇绿混杂岩、洋中脊拉斑玄武岩、大洋沉积物和岛弧带等地质记录,提供了东特提斯早期大洋岩石圈板块运动的有力证据。同时,与岛弧有关的不同时期不同阶段的各种弧前盆地、弧间盆地和弧后盆地成为造山带板块会聚边缘特征的标志。这些类型多样的沉积盆地的形成与演化也颇有特色,它们受制子东特提斯构造域内复杂的地质构造背景的影响和控制。很明显,盆地均经历了断陷拉张一稳定沉降一挤压隆升的演化过程。断陷拉张阶段多以火山活动强烈与发育扇三角洲沉积为典型特征;稳定沉降阶段主要碳酸盐与陆源的混合和低密度浊流沉积;挤压阶段早期发育海底扇。需要强调的是,普遍存在于各种盆地中的石英质糜棱岩岩屑物源是确定再旋回造山带的重要因素。典型的义敦岛弧与沙鲁里山岩浆弧之间的弧一弧碰撞模式及其外延到整个东特提斯构造域内都是很普遍的。义敦岛弧的成长是一个从早期裂谷基础上由不成熟到成熟的阶段发展起来的过程。沙鲁里山岩浆弧在一个古老陆块基础上发展而形成。它们之间的俯冲、碰撞,造成柯鹿洞-亚金带的造山井抬升。这种造山作用不仅向西提供了大量的麋棱岩岩屑,而且在它们的西侧产生了措交玛-措莫隆滞后型花岗岩类;并形成了锡多金属矿化带。此外,弧一陆碰撞也是常见的另一种造山作用模式。文章的最后,指出了东特提斯构造域内板块会聚边缘盆地与岛弧遣山的一般特征。     

Distribution and ecological risk assessment of some heavy metals in coastal surface sediments along the Red Sea,Egypt

The ecological risk assessment for Al,Zn,Cu,Ni,V,Pb,Cd,and Hg in surface sediment collected from the Egyptian Red Sea coast was evaluated using the Geo-accumulation Index(I_(geo)).Sediment Enrichment Factor(SEF) and Potential Ecological Risk Index(PERI) methods.The predominant heavy metal,aluminum,showed high concentrations along both of Aqaba Gulf(4378.8 ± 2554.1 μg/g) and southern part of the Red Sea(2972.8 + 1527.5 μg/g).while it recorded the lowest concentration in Suez Gulf(829.7 ± 398.2 μg/g).The determined heavy metal concentrations had the order of Al Zn -Ni V Pb Cu Cd Hg.The statistical analyses showed some correlations among the heavy metals contents.Several international sediment quality guidelines were used to estimate the quality of the collected sediments.Interestingly,the recorded average heavy metals concentrations were lower than those of the permissible contents for sediment quality guidelines.The Geo-accumulation index calculations(I_(geo)) proved that the investigated region could be classified as an unpolluted area.Sediment Enrichment Factor(K_(SEF)) study showed high values in Suez Gulf region.The single pollution index analysis of heavy metals in the sediments(C~i_f) indicated that Al,Zn,V,and Pb were of natural origin,while Ni,Cd and Hg were seriously affected by human activities.Interestingly,amongst,all the determined heavy metals,Cd and Hg gave moderate ecological risk indicators.     

阿尔金山东段拉配泉地区区域物化探异常分布规律及找矿方向

在分析阿尔金区域地质和物化探异常资料的基础上,对阿尔金东段的构造特点和不同地层、岩石建造的成矿元素分布分配进行了分析和讨论,重点研究了阿尔金东段区域地球化学异常的分布规律和特点,分析和推断了引起Cu、Pb、Zn、Au、Ag等异常密集区带的地质因素,讨论了地球化学异常和区域成矿问题。认为阿尔金东段成矿潜力较大,并初步探讨了找矿方向。     

Measurements of the vertical correlation in turbulence under broken waves

Turbulence measurements have been carried out in the surf zone of a wave flume. The purpose of the measurements is to determine the length scale of the turbulence generated by the wave breaking. The length scale of the turbulence is estimated on basis of the correlation between simultaneous measurements of the vertical turbulent fluctuations, taken at different levels above the bed.     

Evaluating the Ability of CRCM5 to Simulate Mixed Precipitation

Precipitation episodes in the form of freezing rain and ice pellets represent natural hazards affecting eastern Canada during the cold season. These types of precipitation mainly occur in the St. Lawrence River valley and the Atlantic provinces of Canada. This study aims to evaluate the ability of the fifth-generation Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM5), using a 0.11° horizontal grid mesh, to hindcast mixed precipitation when driven by reanalyses produced by the European Centre for Medium-range Weather Forecasts (ERA-Interim) for a 35-year period. In general, the CRCM5 simulation slightly overestimates the occurrence of freezing rain, but the geographical distribution is well reproduced. The duration of freezing rain events and accompanying surface winds in the Montréal region are reproduced by CRCM5. A case study is performed for an especially catastrophic freezing-rain event in January 1998; the model succeeds in simulating the intensity and duration of the episode, as well as the propitious meteorological environment. Overall, the model is also able to reproduce the climatology and a specific event of freezing rain and ice pellets.     

海岸带专题地图编绘相关问题

海岸带是影响人类活动的重要地带，海岸带专题地图能够详细表示出海岸带的特性。随着海洋经济的发展，海岸图的需求日益增加。从地图的数学要素出发，提出目前海岸图绘制存在的问题，并从地图学、海洋学、遥感地学的角度，对地图投影的选择、坐标系转换、比例尺对海岸图编绘的影响及控制点的确定等问题进行了综合分析。     

阿尔金山东端北部区域生态环境修复模式研究

阿尔金山荒漠化防治生态功能区是甘肃西部、新疆乃至整个西北地区重要生态屏障,对阿尔金山东端北部区域为代表的西土沟流域生态环境现状和存在主要问题进行分析,提出区域生态环境治理构想和因势治洪-以洪治沙-自然净化-综合利用的区域洪水资源开发利用模式和以“水害”治“沙害”、变害为利的区域生态环境、沙漠治理模式。国内外学者对本区域荒漠化防治、草地生态安全评价有部分研究,但对沙漠区洪水资源开发利用问题研究比较罕见,在沙漠地区洪水资源化利用方面具有很强的代表性,为阿尔金山保护区的规范管理和可持续对策制定提供科学依据,对同类地区生态环境修复提供示范。     

基于岩相古地理的黄淮平原原生劣质水发育特征分析

黄淮平原水资源严重短缺,原生劣质水非常发育,水资源供需矛盾十分突出,属于我国典型的资源型缺水和水质型缺水区。文章基于对黄淮平原第四纪各个时期岩相古地理演变的详细刻画,分析了原生劣质水的空间发育特征,旨在研究其与沉积相的相关性。结果表明：原生劣质水基本分布在河间带相、河间洼地相、扇间洼地、浅湖相和沼泽洼地相等古地形闭塞、排水不畅、水平径流滞缓的沉积相中,尤其是溶解性总固体含量（TDS）＞3000 mg/L的咸水、氟化物＞2.0 mg/L的高氟水、铁含量11.98 mg/L的高铁水和锰含量6.43 mg/L的高锰水均分布在上述沉积相范围内,据此充分论证岩相古地理演化对水文地质结构场、水化学场和原生劣质水发育特征的决定性影响。通过分析原生劣质水的成因环境,为进一步详细刻画原生劣质水的平面和垂向发育特征提供依据,并在黄河冲积扇及河道带相、冲积-洪积扇相等主流相内,结合地球物理勘探方法进行洁净地下水勘查,初步形成"岩相古地理分析—主流相圈定靶区—物探确定层位—成井供水"的勘查供水模式,为缺水区安全供水提供新的思路和方法。