滇东铂钯地球化学勘查及异常评价

利用滇东地区1∶20万水系沉积物化探的组合副样,按8km×8km面积重新组合,采用C-OES法定量分析其Pt、Pd含量,在此基础上圈定了4种主要类型Pt、Pd异常:①与中古元古代昆阳群黑色页岩建造有关的Pt、Pd异常;②与上震旦统—下寒武统黑色页岩建造有关的Pt、Pd异常;③与二叠纪峨眉山玄武岩建造有关的Pt、Pd异常;④与其他沉积建造有关的Pt、Pd异常。并对该地区Pt、Pd地球化学异常进行了评价,为进一步开展Pt、Pd资源评价提供科学依据。     

A late Neoproterozoic paleomagnetic pole for the Congo craton: Tectonic setting, paleomagnetism and geochronology of the Nola dike swarm (Central African Republic)

New structural, geochronological and paleomagnetic data were obtained on dolerite dikes of the Nola region (Central African Republic) at the northern border of the Congo craton. In this region, metavolcanic successions were thrust southward onto the craton during the Panafrican orogenic events. Our structural data reveal at least two structural klippes south of the present-day limits of the Panafrican nappe suggesting that it has once covered the whole Nola region, promoting the pervasive hydrothermal greenschist metamorphism observed in the underlying cratonic basement and also in the intrusive dolerite dikes. Paleomagnetic measurements revealed a stable dual-polarity low-inclination magnetization component in nine dikes (47 samples), carried by pyrrhotite and magnetite. This component corresponds to a paleopole at 304.8°E and 61.8°S (dp = 5.4, dm = 10.7) graded at Q = 6. Both metamorphism and magnetic resetting were dated by the ⁴⁰Ar/³⁹Ar method on amphibole grains separated from the dikes at 571 ± 6 Ma. The Nola pole is the first well-dated paleomagnetic pole for the Congo craton between 580 and 550 Ma. It marks a sudden change in direction of the Congo craton apparent polar wander path at the waning stages of the Panafrican orogenic events.     

胶东威海地区榴辉岩退变质的地球动力学信息

威海地区榴辉岩退变质过程表现为三个阶段：第一阶段,原生绿辉石分解形成钠质单斜辉石＋斜长石合晶体;第二阶段,原生石榴石及钢质单斜辉石＋斜长石合晶体,周边出现角闪石＋斜长石　状反应边;第三阶段,石榴石及钢质单斜辉石消失。其后榴辉岩相退变质的ｐ－ｔ演化轨迹是压力相对温度快速降低的顺时针形式,反映本区榴辉岩折返的地球动力学过程可能是在经历了快速上升的构造侵位同时,晚元古宙巨量花岗岩浆可将相辉岩块体携带到上部地壳。     

冀东地区～3.8 Ga TTG岩石发现

始太古代及形成时代更古老的岩石十分稀少,任何新的发现都是对最早期陆壳形成演化研究的重要贡献。本文首次报道了华北克拉通冀东地区～3.8 Ga TTG岩石的年龄和地球化学组成。样品J2012为花岗闪长质片麻岩,J2013为侵入花岗闪长质片麻岩的花岗闪长岩脉,也遭受变质变形。两者的岩浆锆石年龄分别为3785±8 Ma和3773±6 Ma。尽管岩石的常量元素组成和形成时代类似,但稀土模式明显不同。样品J2012的TREE(稀土总量)和(La/Yb)_n比值分别为139.2×10^-6和8.44,组成特征与北美4.03 Ga Acasta片麻岩类似,岩浆作用发生在相对低压的条件下,岩浆作用过程中无石榴子石参与而有斜长石存在。样品J2013的TREE和(La/Yb)_n比值分别为163.5×10^-6和51.16。轻重稀土强烈分异要求花岗闪长岩形成于石榴子石稳定和斜长石不稳定的高压条件下。研究表明,冀东地区在～3.8 Ga时TTG岩浆作用就显示出多样性,支持了古太古代早期—冥古宙陆壳基底广泛存在的认识。根据始太古代岩石...     

粤东地区早白垩世花岗质岩浆作用及其成因演化

粤东地区出露有大埔黑云母花岗岩、大埔黑云母钾长花岗岩和揭西黑云母钾长花岗岩3种岩石类型,大埔黑云母花岗岩和揭西黑云母钾长花岗岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄分别为136.3±0.6Ma和134.9±0.4Ma,属于晚中生代早白垩世,而非前人认为的晚侏罗世;3种岩石在主量元素上总体具有富硅、铝,碱含量中等,贫铁、镁、钙、钛、磷的特征,属于高钾钙碱性的弱过铝质岩石;大埔黑云母花岗岩的δEu负异常中等,具略向右倾的轻稀土富集模式,可能是由时代相当于元古宙的富砂屑岩部分熔融形成的;大埔黑云母钾长花岗岩、揭西黑云母钾长花岗岩具有中等—强的δEu负异常,稀土配分模式为海鸥型,二者在野外分布上紧密共生,时间上比较接近,在地球化学上表示出连续变化的趋势,具有相似的同位素组成,可能是由时代相当于元古宙的陆壳富泥质变质沉积岩部分熔融形成的,是同一岩浆演化到不同阶段的产物.     

El Niño-Southern Oscillation: Related Probabilities of Fatalities from Natural Perils in Australia

The interannual variability of flood, bushfire andheatwave fatality data for eastern Australia duringthe period 1876–1991 was analysed with respect to thephase of the El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO)and the associated values of the Southern OscillationIndex (SOI). Heatwaves were found to be the mostserious peril in terms of the total number offatalities, while floods ranked first in the fatalityevent day statistics. None of the three monthly(absolute value) fatality data sets showed significantcorrelations with the corresponding values of the SOI,while the correlation analysis of annual (July toJune) data led to significant correlation coefficientsof 0.5 for floods and -0.3 for bushfires. AdditionalSOI value-related classification of the standardisedfatality event days into several ENSO categoriesconfirmed the correlation trends by showing anincrease (decrease) in the standardised bushfire(flood) fatality event day frequencies with increasingvalues of the SOI. In contrast to that, thestandardised heatwave fatality data showed aninconclusive distribution pattern, which hints at theinfluence of other possible factors (such as airpollution) on heatwave-related fatality numbers.The results of a risk assessment analysis have shownthat the probability of reaching the mean annualnumber of flood-fatality event days is roughly fourtimes higher during La Niña seasons (80%) thanthe corresponding probability associated with ElNiño periods (18%). The correspondingprobabilities associated with the mean bushfire andheatwave fatality event days displayed a reversedpattern, with the probabilities of El Niño-relatedyears being roughly twice as high as those associatedwith La Niña seasons (70% and 30% for bushfires,and 60% and 25% for heatwaves, respectively).Further probability calculations performed on thetotals of fatalities from all three perils identifiedthe La Niña years as potentially the mostdangerous in terms of suffering fatalities from theseperils. Furthermore, they highlighted the significantdifferences between the means of fatality event daynumbers recorded during years of extreme SOI values(9.8 for La Niña, and 9.1 for El Niño seasons)and those marked by near-zero SOI values (6.6). Themajor reason for the increase in risk associated withextreme ENSO phases was the higher variability ofthese perils during the respective seasons.     

石家庄东部地区地热资源前景分析

本文根据石家庄地区周围钻孔资料和石家庄凹陷所处构造位置及形态 ,推测石家庄东部地区热储层特征及地温场特征 ,认为本区较有开发潜力的地热储层为第三系和下白垩统上段。     

桂东大瑶山成矿带新坪矿区花岗斑岩与金多金属成矿作用关系

新坪花岗斑岩位于桂东大瑶山成矿带中部新坪金矿区内。在野外地质观察的基础上,报道了在该新坪斑岩体接触带附近发现金矿体并首次在岩体内部发现石英脉型辉钼矿(化)体,认为新坪花岗斑岩体与金多金属矿化关系密切。新坪花岗斑岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素定年结果表明,该斑岩体形成于早古生代奥陶纪(462.9±6.4) Ma,属加里东期花岗岩类,因此与岩体有关的金矿化、铜钼矿化时间不会早于奥陶纪。岩体稀土元素分析结果显示,新坪花岗斑岩与邻近的古袍、圆珠顶、大黎矿区花岗斑岩体具有相似的稀土元素分布特征,可能为同源岩浆不同阶段的演化产物,说明新坪花岗斑岩体具有一定的金、钼等多金属成矿潜力。通过以上综合研究分析,初步认为新坪矿区具有寻找斑岩型金矿以及钼矿床的找矿前景。     

数值模拟探讨青藏高原东部应力应变场及断裂活动性

青藏高原东部是我国活动构造非常强烈的区域,现今的应力应变状态对活动构造研究有重要参考意义。本文依据地质资料和岩石力学性质构建相应的有限元数值模型,以GPS观测为边界约束,计算得到了青藏高原东部应力应变场,在此基础上探讨了主要断裂的活动特征。结果显示,距离印度板块和欧亚大陆板块碰撞带较近的青藏高原,汇聚速度、最大压应变率和最大压应力均较高,而随着远离碰撞带各个数值相应降低;在青藏高原东部,以喜马拉雅东构造结为旋转中心的一系列弧形断裂滑动速率相对较高,如玉树—鲜水河—小江断裂带,巴塘—金沙江断裂带,嘉黎断裂带等,这些走滑断裂带控制着青藏高原东南缘物质旋转挤出的特征,而其它断裂带滑动速率则相对较低,在块体内部则更低;结果同时表明应变速率分配高的断裂达到屈服的时间短,对应的地震复发周期短。     

四川盆地东部下古生界页岩储集空间特征及其对含气性的影响

四川盆地东部下古生界海相页岩是一套有利的页岩气储层,通过野外泥页岩剖面及井下岩芯观察、电镜扫描、常规物性及微孔隙结构测试、等温吸附实验等技术方法,对页岩气储层空间特征进行了研究分析,发现下古生界页岩的孔隙可分为三大类六小类,裂缝可分为两大类五小类,具有颗粒细小、致密、大孔发育少、微孔发育多、具有一定孔隙度、渗透率小、喉道细、连通性差的特征。页岩总孔体积主体是由孔径小于200nm的微孔隙提供的,纳米级孔隙和微裂缝是页岩主要的储集空间,页岩有机质孔对于孔隙度具有一定贡献,是富有机质页岩的主要微孔隙类型。页岩的微孔隙结构决定了页岩气的赋存状态和流动方式,孔缝发育程度在一定程度上决定了页岩的含气性及其渗透性能,但大型或巨型裂缝的发育,将给页岩气的有效保存带来破坏。有机质(干酪根和沥青质)和黏土颗粒内的微孔隙表面是吸附态页岩气赋存的主要空间,但有机质孔提供了大部分具吸附性的孔比表面,是控制页岩吸附性能的主要因素,而黏土矿物的作用是次要的。