新疆东准噶尔老鸦泉碱性岩及相关锡矿的岩石地球化学特征

老鸦泉富碱花岗岩杂岩体与侵入其中的富碱花岗斑岩岩体及云英岩型锡矿体、石英脉型锡矿体等REE配分曲线类似,均具有强烈的Eu亏损,它们的微量元素蛛网图等岩石地球化学特征也类似,是同源岩浆结晶分异演化的结果。锡矿体是老鸦泉富碱岩浆分异演化及以钠质为主的强烈碱交代自变质作用的最终产物。侵入于老鸦泉岩体内的花岗斑岩为锡矿体的直接围岩,它是岩浆结晶分异更晚期混入了更多地壳组分,并向酸性方向演化的产物,该花岗斑岩经自变质热液蚀变作用造成锡的富集并成矿。因此,碱性岩浆结晶分异晚期混有地壳组分,岩浆向酸性演化可能是碱性花岗岩形成锡矿的重要条件之一。     

中扬子区东缘中古生界对冲构造体系形成与演化

中扬子区东缘侏罗纪末期—白垩纪早期,受大洪山推覆区南西方向和江南雪峰逆冲推覆区北西方向的强烈挤压,形成了压扭性狭长的对冲构造体系; 两大推覆区的形成主要受深、浅变质岩结晶基底内幕两套拆离滑脱层系的作用,导致沉积盖层压缩沿基底面、志留系底面、泥盆系底面多层次滑脱推覆,产生了多样的挤压和压扭构造类型及其样式; 由造山带向盆内构造变形具有渐变的特点,为不对称式的仰冲(根带)—楔状掩冲(中带)—滑脱推覆(锋带)—对冲带; 持续压扭作用导致产生系列北东向左行走滑断裂将对冲构造体系分割; 白垩纪晚期—下第三纪,挤压转换为伸展环境,断裂负反转回滑成为中新生代断陷主控断裂,认为大洪山推覆区锋带已处于通海口—杨林尾—汉南一线,主体由于受洪湖走滑断裂和通海口断裂回滑的影响,接受了上白垩统—第四系沉积,仅保留了东、西两端弧形构造带古生界出露的构造面貌。     

黔东镇远地区早寒武世清虚洞组潮坪风暴沉积特征及古地理意义

东镇远地区早寒武世（相当于2008国际地层年表中的寒武纪第二世）清虚洞组发现类型丰富、特征典型的风暴沉积标志。侵蚀底面、粗粒滞留沉积、粒序层、波状层理、韵律层理等沉积组构明显,而丘状层理不发育。通过对金盆剖面和溜沙关剖面详细的野外观察及室内分析,识别出三种类型的风暴沉积序列。研究区风暴沉积的背景沉积为灰色纹层状灰岩,见波状层理、鸟眼构造等,指示潮坪环境。综合分析得出,镇远地区的风暴沉积属于潮坪风暴沉积。这丰富了湘西黔东地区早寒武世清虚洞组风暴沉积的类型。风暴沉积的发现也为研究区早寒武世位于赤道附近的低纬度区域提供了间接的证据。     

华北板块北缘东段二叠纪的构造属性:来自火山岩锆石U-Pb年代学与地球化学的制约

本文对华北板块北缘东段大河深组、关门咀子组火山岩进行了锆石LA-ICP-MSU-Pb定年和岩石地球化学研究以便制约该区的区域构造演化。大河深组和关门咀子组火山岩中的锆石均呈自形-半自形晶,具有清晰的岩浆振荡生长环带和条痕状吸收(玄武安山岩)的特点,其Th/U比值高达0.31～1.56,表明其岩浆成因。测年结果表明,桦甸大河深组流纹岩形成于早二叠世(279±3Ma～293±2Ma),珲春和图们关门咀子组玄武安山岩和玄武岩分别形成于早二叠世(275±7Ma)和晚二叠世(250±5Ma)。大河深组火山岩SiO2含量介于64.9%～75.4%,Mg#值介于0.21～0.57,属于中钾-高钾钙碱性系列,明显富集轻稀土元素(LREEs)和大离子亲石元素(LILEs)、亏损高场强元素(HFSEs,如Nb、Ta、Ti)以及P元素,类似活动大陆边缘火山岩;其锆石的εHf(t)值为+0.9～+10.37,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄值为785～1240Ma,表明它们均起源于中-新元古代新增生玄武质下地壳的部分熔融。珲春早二叠世关门咀子组属于中钾钙碱性系列;贫硅(53.4%～53.7%)和HFSEs,富铝(16.4%～16.8%)和LILEs,具有较低的稀土元素总量,以及较平坦的稀土配分型式,显示出岛弧火山岩的地球化学属性;该组火山岩的原始岩浆应起源于受俯冲板片脱水熔融交代的亏损地幔楔。图们晚二叠世关门咀子组玄武岩SiO2含量为48.7%～49.6%,Mg#值高达0.64～0.72,相对富集LREEs和LILEs,亏损HREEs和HFSEs,具有火山弧玄武岩的地球化学属性,同时其εNd(t)=+6.01,暗示其原始岩浆起源于亏损的岩石圈地幔。综上所述,我们认为早二叠世至晚二叠世期间,华北板块北缘东段(吉林中部地区)和兴凯地块西南缘均处于古亚洲洋的俯冲作用下。     

瑞雷-泰勒不稳定性与中国东部岩石圈——三论岩石圈地幔蘑菇云构造

本文讨论引起中国东部岩石圈巨变的动力。认为较重的岩石圈地幔位于较轻的软流圈之上形成的瑞雷-泰勒不稳定性驱动岩石圈地幔流动是东部岩石圈巨变的构造动力。由于瑞雷-泰勒不稳定性只存在于中年期大陆,老年期与青年期大陆都不存在瑞雷-泰勒不稳定性,因而只有像中国东部那样的中年期大陆才能发生蘑菇云地幔构造。     

藏东类乌齐-左贡成矿带构造演化与成矿作用

藏东类乌齐-左贡成矿带(简称类-左带)是三江特提斯成矿域内一条重要的成矿带,其整体的研究较为薄弱、零散.本文基于最新的研究成果,按照成矿时代、地质背景、成矿作用及成矿元素组合将带内矿床划分为了6个成矿系列,包括:(1)印支期晶质石墨矿系列;(2)印支期蛇绿岩相关风化淋滤型菱镁矿系列;(3)印支期沉积-改造型Fe-Cu多...     

Microstructural and geochemical studies of Higher Himalayan Leucogranite: implications for geodynamic evolution of Tertiary Leucogranite in the Eastern Himalaya

The Higher Himalayan Leucogranites (HHLG) intruded into the high grade rocks of the Higher Himalayan Crystallines (HHC) in Arunachal Himalaya of the Eastern Himalaya, yield distinctive field data, petrography, microstructures, geochemical and mineral chemistry data. The Arunachal HHLG are characterized by the presence of two micas; normative corundum; high contents of SiO₂ (67–78 wt.%), Al₂O₃ (13–18 wt.%), A/CNK (0.98–1.44) and Rb (154–412 ppm); low contents of CaO (0.33–1.91 wt.%) and Sr (19–171 ppm), and a high ratio of FeO_(tot)/MgO in biotite (2.54–4.82). These distinctive features, along with their strong depletion in high field strength elements (HFSE), suggest their affinity to peraluminous S‐type granite generated by the partial melting of crustal material. Geothermobarometric estimations and mineral assemblages of the HHC metapelites confirm that the HHLG were probably generated in the middle crust (~20 km) and the produced melts intruded the HHC in the form of sills/dykes. Microstructurally, the HHLG shows high temperature deformation features including chessboard extinction in quartz and cuspate/lobate grain boundaries between quartz and feldspars (plagioclase and K‐feldspar). The deformation microstructures suggest that the HHLG was deformed under early high temperature ductile deformation conditions. These fabrics were subsequently superimposed by later brittle deformation features associated with decreasing temperatures during the exhumation of the HHLG towards shallow structural levels at the time of Himalayan orogeny. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

东秦岭丹凤地区黄龙庙二长花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石 U-Pb年龄、岩石地球化学特征及其地质意义

东秦岭丹凤地区黄龙庙含榴二长花岗岩是典型的浅色含铀花岗岩体之一。它具有高硅(73.65%~76.60%)、过铝(13.01%~13.80%,A/CNK1.0)、富钾(4.89%~6.14%)的特点,其轻重稀土元素强烈分馏,铕负异常十分发育,微量元素具有典型上地壳的含量特征。所获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为415.2±2.0Ma,是志留纪末期花岗岩。该花岗岩是在后碰撞环境下,由秦岭岩群郭庄岩组的含榴黑云斜长片麻岩部分熔融所形成的钙碱性S型花岗岩。与巴罗型区域变质作用的年龄(426Ma)一起,限定了东秦岭早古生代碰撞作用415~426Ma之间进入后碰撞构造环境,也表明早泥盆世以后的东秦岭地区并未经历大规模区域性变质变形,进入了相对稳定的地质演化阶段。     

The Origin of Paleokarst in the Huanglong Formation of the Eastern Sichuan Basin: Evidence from δ13C, δ18O and 87Sr/86Sr

Karst rocks from the Huanglong Formation exposed at the margin of the Eastern Sichuan Basin can be divided into four types:slightly corroded, moderately corroded porous, intensely corroded brecciated and intensely corroded and replaced secondary calcic karstic rocks. The carbon, oxygen and strontium isotope compositions of the various karst rocks are analyzed systematically and compared to rocks without karst corrosion. The results indicate that(1) the Huanglong Formation in the eastern Sichuan Basin was a restricted bay supplied and controlled by freshwater in which mudmicrite and mud-dolomicrite exhibit low δ13C and δ18O values and high 87Sr/86 Sr ratios;(2) all types of karstic rocks in the paleokarst reservoirs of the Huanglong Formation in the research area are affected by atmospheric freshwater with the δ13C and δ18O values and 87Sr/86 Sr ratios in the original formation approaching those of atmospheric freshwater, which reflects ancient hydrological conditions, fluid properties, isotopic source and the fractionation effect;(3) the intensely corroded and replaced secondary limestone is affected by a variety of diagenetic fluids, often reflected by δ13C and δ18O values, while the 87Sr/86 Sr ratios exhibit the strong degree of the corrosion;(4) after comparing the 87Sr/86 Sr ratios of each type of karst rock, the diagenetic fluids are determined to be mainly atmospheric freshwater, and depending on the strength of corrosion, and the low 87Sr/86 Sr ratio fluids in the layer will participate in the karst process. The carbon, oxygen, and strontium isotopes of different karstic reservoirs can provide meaningful geochemical information for forecasting and evaluating the development and distribution rules of the Huanglong Formation at the margin of the eastern Sichuan Basin in time and space.     

滨里海盆地东缘构造演化及油气成藏模式分析

滨里海盆地是中亚地区油气资源最为丰富的沉积盆地之一。本文以油气地质理论为指导,对盆地东缘的构造演化以及其油气成藏组合进行分析,认为乌拉尔造山运动对盆地东缘的构造演化造成了深刻影响。盆地东缘盐上层系的生烃条件较差,主要油气来源应为盐下层系。石炭系碳酸盐岩KT-I层和KT-II层是盆地东缘发育的良好储层。下二叠统盐层为区域性盖层,特别是对盐下油气藏起到了良好的区域封盖效果,盐相关构造圈闭类型发育。不整合面、断层和孔、洞、缝等组成复合的油气输导体系。盆地东缘的油气成藏模式主要为盐下层系的"自生自储型"和"下生上储型"以及盐上层系的"下生上储型"。