2001年11月14日青新交界MS8.1地震地表破裂带的初步调查

初步的野外调查表明,2001年11月14日青新交界8.1级地震的地表破裂带位于昆仑山南麓,西端可能终止于布喀达坂峰,东端点距青藏公路以东70km.主破裂带总长度可达350km,总体走向N80°～85°W.具明显的左旋水平走滑运动性质,最大左错量为6m.宏观震中初步定在库赛湖东约30km一带,震中区烈度定为Ⅺ度根据初定宏观震中的位置,建议将该地震命名为库赛湖地震.     

祁连山北坡中部气候特征及垂直气候带的划分

通过对祁连山北坡中部气候特征，森林植被类型和土壤类型的定位预测研究，对祁连山北坡中部森林生态系统的主要气象要素垂直分布特征进行分析，应用气候指标和生物学原理，将祁连山林区按不同海拔高度划分为：1.山地荒漠草原气候带；2.山地草原气候带；3.山地森林草原气候带；4.亚高山灌丛草甸气候带；5.高山亚冰雪稀疏植被气候带；进而提出了合理开发祁连山山地气候资源，以促进当地经济发展。     

北祁连九个泉玄武岩的形成环境及地幔源区特征：微量元素和Nd同位素地球化学制约

北祁连九个泉蛇绿岩中的玄武岩的MORB，根据其地质产状和地球化学特征又可以分为两部分，剖面下部的玄武岩为N－MORB，上部的玄武岩主要为E－MORB。玄武岩多数具有Nb负异常，从下向上，九个朱武岩的Th,Nb,LREE,Zr等含量及（La/Yb)N,(La/Sm)N,Ce/Zr,Zr/Y,Th/.La,Th/Yb比值逐渐增加，并伴随着Y，Yb,Lu,Sc含量，Zr/Nb和La/Nb比值以及εEd(t)的逐渐减小，不相容元素比值及εNd(t)之间具有很好的相关性，上述特征反映不均一地幔部分熔融过程中N－MORB源区和富集地幔之间的混合作用，微量元素和Nd同位素地球化学特征表明九个泉蛇绿岩形成于弧后盆地中的海山环境，玄武岩的化学成分在垂向上的变化记录了海山生长并逐渐远离扩张脊的动态的地质过程，海山可能是形成蛇绿岩的一种重要环境。     

Englacial vs lacustrine origin of volcanic table mountains: evidence from iceland

Detailed facies analysis of hyaloclastites and associated lavas from eight table mountains and similar "hyaloclastite volcanoes" in the Icelandic rift zone contradict a rapid and continuous, "monogenetic", entirely subglacial evolution of most volcanoes studied. The majority of the exposed hyaloclastite deposits formed in large, stable lakes as indicated by widespread, up to 300-m-thick, continuous sections of deep water, shallow water and emergent facies. Salient features include extensively layered or bedded successions comprising mainly debris flow deposits, turbidites, base surge and fallout deposits consisting of texturally and compositionally variable, slightly altered hyaloclastites, as well as sheet and pillow lavas. In contrast, chaotic assemblages of coarser-grained, more poorly sorted and more strongly palagonitized hyaloclastite tuffs and breccias, as well as scoria and lava are interpreted to have formed under sub- or englacial conditions in small, chimney-like ice cavities or ice-bound lakes. Irregularly shaped and erratically arranged hyaloclastite bodies produced at variable water levels appear to have resulted mainly from rapid changes of the eruptive environment due to repeated build-up and drainage of ice-bound lakes as well as the restricted space between the ice walls. We distinguish a "deep water" facies formed during high water levels of the lake, a hydroclastic shallow water and emergent facies (leakage of the lake or growth of the volcano above the water surface). Our model implies the temporary existence of large, stable lakes in Iceland probably formed by climatically induced ice melting. The highly complex edifices of many table mountains and similar volcanoes were constructed during several eruptive periods in changing environments characterized by contrasting volcanic and sedimentary processes. Received: 10 June 1997 / Accepted: 28 July 1998     

西天山卡拉达湾地区铀及多金属综合找矿方向研究

卡拉达湾地区位于新疆北天山西段,属于中亚造山区,是在前寒武纪基底陆壳裂解的基础上发展起来的陆间型造山带,是铀及多金属成矿的重要区域。本文在前人工作的基础上,依据地面磁测、地面伽玛总量测量结果,总结分析了卡拉达湾地区磁场、放射性场、构造、矿化蚀变特征与铀及多金属成矿的关系,并圈定了铀及多金属找矿有利地段各2处,为西天山卡拉达湾地区的铀及多金属矿找矿工作提供方向。     

Structural control of the morphometry of open rock basins, Kananaskis region, Canadian Rocky Mountains

The morphometry of chutes (couloirs), rock funnels, and open cirques are related to the structure of dissected rock masses in the Kananaskis region of the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Data for ten morphometric variables were derived from digital elevation models of 56 open rock basins. The basins were classified structurally according to the relative orientations of bedding planes and the rock slopes. A hypothesis of no differences in morphometry among structural classes is rejected from the results of nonparametric analysis of variance and paired comparisons of rank scores. Basins on dip and overdip slopes have a distinct size, and those on anaclinal slopes have a distinct width and shape. Variation in morphometry from low compactness and area/relief (chutes) to high compactness and low area/relief (funnels) to high compactness and area/relief (open cirques) corresponds to a change in dominant structure from orthoclinal to dip-overdip to underdip to anaclinal. The dip of bedding planes relative to the slope of rockwalls controls the mode of initial displacement of joint blocks and, thereby, the spatial distribution of the retreat of rockwalls. The angle between the rock slope and the strike of dipping strata determines whether beds of differing stability form chutes and buttresses (orthoclinal slopes), or extend across rockwalls (cataclinal and anaclinal slopes) and retreat at similar rates to form funnels and open cirques. The optimal structure for large compact rock basins is anaclinal, and the least favourable is cataclinal dip-overdip slopes. Topoclimate and other geologic structures may account for variance in morphometry not explained by differences among structural classes.     

新疆可可塔勒铅锌成矿带成矿规律

阿尔泰山南缘可可塔勒铅锌成矿带主要由麦兹、克兰、冲乎尔 3个泥盆纪含矿火山沉积盆地组成 ,产于陆缘裂谷带内侧 (近陆一侧 ) ,下泥盆统康布铁堡组上亚组流纹—英安质火山沉积建造是主含矿层位。按特征矿物组合的不同可分为块状硫化物型、磁铁硫化物型和萤石方铅矿型 3个矿化类型。含矿盆地中规模较大的矿床产于断陷深度大、火山活动强烈的次级火山洼地中。铅锌矿化空间上具有南北分带、东西分区的分布规律性 ,时间上具有较明显的演化性 ,由早到晚 (层位自下而上 )典型的演化序列为 :Fe→ Fe、Pb、Zn→ Pb、Zn、Ag→Pb、Ag( F,Ba)。不同级别的构造控制了不同级别的矿化 ,构成了构造控矿系列     

Google Earth Engine平台下秦岭地区植被覆盖时空变化分析

秦岭地区植被覆盖动态变化对其生态环境有重要影响。本文利用Google Earth Engine云平台,选取1986—2019年Landsat TM/OLI地表反射率数据,结合像元二分模型估算秦岭地区植被覆盖度(FVC);通过年际变化斜率、变异系数、Hurst指数等评价指标,对FVC的时空变化、稳定性和持续性变化进行分析。此外,探究FVC与气温、降雨的耦合关系,并分析土地利用变化对FVC的影响。结果表明:34年间,秦岭地区FVC整体上呈现良好的状况,中高等及以上植被覆盖区达73.11%;FVC由1986年的62.86%增长到2019年的70.01%,植被活动在不断增强;FVC的变异系数均值为0.34,标准差为0.45,其稳定性与其空间分布呈高度自相关性;秦岭地区的植被覆盖变化受气候变化和人为因素的共同影响。     

内蒙古科右中旗地区梅勒图组安山岩年代学特征及其地质意义

对内蒙古科右中旗地区梅勒图组安山岩锆石LA--ICP--MS U--Pb年代学、锆石Hf同位素和岩石地球化学测试分析结果表明,梅勒图组安山岩形成时代约为早白垩世中期(123~125 Ma)。锆石εHf(t)=(+5.84~+9.34),一阶段Hf模式年龄为412~553 Ma。岩石地球化学分析表明,安山岩K2O含量较高,SiO2含量和Mg#值中等,富集大离子亲石元素,高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等明显亏损。这些特征反映出梅勒图组安山岩的源区为新形成的富集地幔。结合地球化学特征和区域大地构造背景,研究区梅勒图组安山岩的形成可能与太平洋板块俯冲作用后的陆内伸展环境有关。     

Luminescence chronology of loess-palaeosol deposits in the Central Shandong Mountains region: Provenances and paleoclimate implications

The loess-palaeosol deposits of the Central Shandong Mountains (CSM) to the east of the Chinese Loess Plateau (CLP) potentially provide valuable archives for the reconstruction of East Asian monsoon patterns. However, compared to the abundant attention given to the loess layer, fewer studies have explored the palaeosols documenting the processes and characteristics of interglacial climate changes. The high-resolution chronologies and provenances of the palaeosol in the CSM area are still unclear. In this work, the luminescence ages and paleoclimate proxies in the Shaozhuang (SZ) and Focun (FC) sections were studied, by combining detrital zircons U–Pb ages from the loess-palaesosol in Jingbian, Licheng, Focun, Pianguan and Dongming Yellow River sediments. Quartz single-aliquot regenerative dose protocol (SAR) and K-feldspar post-infrared IRSL (pIRIR₂₉₀) dating results were obtained in the SZ (8.0 ± 1.1 ka −50.8 ± 2.7 ka) and FC (3.8 ± 0.3 ka—144.0 ± 7.8 ka) sections to develop the most detailed CSM region chronologies to date. The analyzed grain sizes and detrital zircon U–Pb ages suggest that the provenance of the CSM loess was dominated by local Yellow River sediments. The palaeosols observed in the field in these two sections were composed of both aggradation soils deposited in the interglacial period and non-aggradation soil formed by the weathering and leaching of the underlying loess. We found evidences for the presence of non-aggradation soils as indicated the relatively high 5–16 μm particle percentages, relatively low chemical index of alteration (CIA) values and the percentages of >63 μm particles compared to those of the overlying palaeosol layers. Nevertheless, the loess-palaeosol deposits in the CSM are still the product of the East Asian monsoon and global climatic variations, as the deposits have recorded the glacial-interglacial cycles.