一个反映中国冬季气温异常的指标——东亚区域西风指数

分析了中国冬季气温变化的主要特征 ,揭示了能够较好反映中国冬季气温异常整体变化的主要空间分布 ;进一步研究了与之相对应的环流异常特征 ,结果表明中国冬季气温的异常与东亚及西伯利亚 50 0 h Pa高度场的异常有着密切的联系。在分析传统季风指数对气温及对应异常环流特征的表现能力的基础上 ,定义了一个能够反映环流异常的东亚区域西风指数 (IEARW)。经检验 ,可以利用 IEARW来反映中国冬季气温变化的主要特征。最后 ,对 IEARW的变化特征进行了初步分析。     

Depth Distribution and Abundance of Northern Adriatic Littoral Rocky Reef Blennioid Fishes (Blenniidae and Tripterygion)

Abstract. Species' depth distributions and abundances were visually assessed along 24 transects in a northern Adriatic assemblage of blennioid fishes (14 species of Blenniidae , 1 species of Triptery-giidue). Total abundance of blennioids was highest in 0.5-1 m depth, decreasing upwards and downwards. Species diversity (S hannon -W iener ) is highest at the shallowest depth (0-0.5 in). The curybathic species Parablennius incognitus, Lipophrys dalmatinus, Tripterygion tripteronotus , and Parablennius tentacularis were most abundant at all depths (relative to the species investigated). All stenobathic species were most abundant at 0-0.5 m. Depth distribution patterns and abundance ranks of species were similar at western, eastern, southern, and northern transects.     

Premières datations de feux holocènes dans les Monts de Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert (Hérault,France), contribution à l'histoire de la forêt relique de Pinus nigra Arnold ssp Salzmanni (Dun.) Franco

The charcoal discovery in the soils and sediments of the relic forest of Pinus nigra ssp Salzmanni near Saint-Guilhem-le-Désert allows us to establish a chronology of Holocene fires. Their origin dates from the Middle Holocene, but they are especially significant after the construction of the medieval abbey during the 9th century. The original pine plantation was heterogeneous, with another pine, Pinus sylvestris, which has now been eradicated. Changes in the fire modes have been observed, recent human fires being generalized, which resulted in a significant regression of the forest cover, which was replaced by box-tree formations. To cite this article: J.-L. Vernet et al., C. R. Geoscience 337 (2005).     

A habitat-specific fish-based approach to assess the ecological status of Mediterranean coastal lagoons

A habitat approach was promoted in the framework of ecological status assessment of transitional waters, assuming the importance of habitat heterogeneity to the overall system status. The approach was applied to the use of fish-based multimetric indices by adapting them to seagrass and marsh habitats in the Venice lagoon, Italy, through selection of appropriate metrics and reference conditions. While for marsh habitats, no clear patterns resulted, the index response for seagrass was consistent with the habitat degradation and loss recorded in the lagoon between 2002 and 2005 and with the higher habitat disturbance in southern and central lagoon sub-basins. The assessment of individual habitats is presented as a first step in the process of evaluating the overall condition of a Mediterranean lagoon environment, which should also take account of the diversity of habitats and their availability within the system to properly define an overall index of ecological status.     

Audouin's gull chicks as bioindicators of mercury pollution at different breeding locations in the western Mediterranean

Mercury levels of Audouin's gull are amongst the highest for Mediterranean seabirds, and have been mainly attributed to its piscivorous habits in these naturally Hg rich waters. Moreover, two additional factors could enhance its mercury intake: the consumption of discarded fish (which attain higher concentrations) and/or feeding in areas receiving Hg anthropogenic inputs. In order to differentiate the relevance of both sources we analysed Hg and stable isotopes of chick feathers from different breeding locations in western Mediterranean: one in its northern part (Ebro Delta) and two southern (Chafarinas Isl. and Alborán Isl.). The results from stable isotopes indicate that consumption of discards is higher at Alborán Isl., followed by the Ebro Delta and Chafarinas Isl. Thus, the higher mercury levels found in the Ebro Delta cannot be explained uniquely by the contribution of discarded fish to diet, but local pollution caused by the river Ebro waters accounts for Hg differences observed.     

Influence of tuna penning activities on soft bottom macrobenthic assemblages

The influence of tuna penning on soft bottom habitat present in the vicinity of tuna pens and at distances 200 m and 1.5 km away, was assessed by comparing attributes of macroinvertebrate assemblages and sediment quality before (November 2000, March 2001) and after (November 2001, April 2002) initiation of the activity. Results from November 2001 indicated a significant increase in sediment organic carbon and organic nitrogen, and a non-significant increase in the abundance of Capitellidae in the vicinity of the cages. Similar results were obtained 200 m from the cages but not 1.5 km away, where the only change was a significant increase in organic nitrogen in sediment. Results from April 2002 indicated no significant change in sediment organic carbon and organic nitrogen, however, mean sediment grain size decreased significantly in the immediate vicinity of the cages. Changes in attributes of the benthic assemblages and sediment resulted from accumulation of uneaten feed-fish on the seabed.     

Modelling the current and future spatial distribution of NPP in a Mediterranean watershed

The aim of this study is to use full spatial resolution Envisat MERIS data to drive an ecosystem productivity model for pine forests along the Mediterranean coast of Turkey. The Carnegie, Ames, Stanford Approach (CASA) terrestrial biogeochemical model, designed to simulate the terrestrial carbon cycle using satellite sensor and meteorological data, was used to estimate annual regional fluxes in terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP). At its core this model is based on light-use efficiency, influenced by temperature, rainfall and solar radiation. Present climate data was generated from 50 climate stations within the watershed using co-kriging. Regional scale pseudo-warming data for year 2070 were derived using a Regional Climate Model (RCM) these data were used to downscale the GCM General Circulation Model for the research area as part of an international research project called Impact of Climate Changes on Agricultural Production Systems in Arid Areas (ICCAP). Outputs of climate data can be moderated using the four variables of percent tree cover, land cover, soil texture and NDVI. This study employed 47 MERIS images recorded between March 2003 and September 2005 to derive percent tree cover, land cover and NDVI. Envisat MERIS data hold great potential for estimating NPP with the CASA model because of the appropriateness of both its spatial and its spectral resolution.