Geographic structure of European anchovy: A nuclear-DNA study

Atlantic–Mediterranean anchovies were genetically characterized at two polymorphic nuclear loci (intron 6 of two creatine-kinase genes) and compared to reference Engraulis albidus and E. encrasicolus samples from the northern Western Mediterranean to provide new insights into their geographic structure. Northeastern Atlantic anchovy, represented by one sample from the Canary archipelago and one sample from the Alboran Sea, were genetically distinct from Mediterranean E. encrasicolus (Weir and Cockerham's ^θ = 0.027–0.311), indicating geographic isolation from either side of the Almería–Oran oceanographic front. Generally smaller genetic differences were evident among anchovy populations from different sub-basins in the Mediterranean (^θ = − 0.019–0.116), the genetic differences between Black Sea and Ionian Sea/Aegean Sea anchovies being the strongest (^θ = 0.002–0.116). There was no evidence of the presence of E. albidus in our samples outside Camargue (northern shore of the Western Mediterranean). However, a sample from the southern Western Mediterranean appeared to be genetically intermediate between E. albidus and Mediterranean E. encrasicolus, indicating possible hybridization. Anchovy from the Benguela current system off southern Africa possessed allele frequencies characteristic of E. albidus at one locus and Northeastern Atlantic anchovy at the other locus, suggesting past introgression.     

吐哈盆地长流水地区铀矿成矿前景分析

在吐哈盆地中东部地区已投入部分铀矿找矿工作,但是没有取得较好的成果,本文拟对吐哈盆地中东部长流水地区铀成矿条件进行前景分析,对找矿提供一定的理论依据。研究区位于骆驼圈子浅凹陷中,南部蚀源区总体铀含量较高,目的层也具有较高的铀背景值,满足地下水的"补—径—排"条件,层间氧化带发育,通过钻探工作发现部分的铀异常以及铀矿化现象,具有较好的成矿条件。     

内蒙古中东部上侏罗统满克头鄂博组划分及时代

内蒙古自治区中东部满克头鄂博组以流纹质火山碎屑岩为主夹山间湖盆相陆相碎屑岩及少量流纹岩或英安岩.沉积岩中产叶肢介Magumbonia paramecia,Nestoria reticulate,N.xishunjingensis,N.cf.pissoui,Lioestheria sp.;双壳类Ferganoconcha...     

阿尔泰南缘东段变形岩石磁组构分析

磁组构是指岩石磁化率的各向异性,磁组构方法已经被广泛应用于构造变形分析。阿尔泰南缘东段地区岩石磁组构特征是磁各向异性度P值大,反映本区总体韧性剪切变形强烈。萨尔布拉克—科克萨依脆性劈理化带和玛因鄂博韧性剪压构造带的E>0占优势,磁面理发育,部分样品磁线理发育,反映变形以压扁变形为主,主压应力方向为NE(NEE)向,伴随弱的左行剪切;达拉维孜—阿热勒托别韧性流变构造带和锡泊渡—富蕴深层次变晶糜棱岩带E>0和E<0均存在,磁面理和磁线理均发育,反映以剪切变形为主;其中达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带主压应力方向为NE(NEE)向,为左行剪切,而锡泊渡—富蕴构造带主压应力方向为SN向,为右行剪切。在达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带中的哈腊苏铜矿和卡拉先格尔—老山口一带一些叠加蚀变矿化的强变形岩石的P值明显减小,说明在韧性变形之后发生过矿化热液作用导致磁化率各向异性发生了均一化。结合区域构造分析,可以认为萨尔布拉克—科克萨依构造带、达拉维孜—阿热勒托别构造带和玛因鄂博构造带构成一个完整的板块碰撞聚合带,而锡泊渡—富蕴构造带可能为在古生代期间被强烈改造的具有前震旦纪结晶基底的微大陆的残留(或断片)。     

库车坳陷东部白垩系沉积体系分析及有利油气勘探区带预测

克拉2大气田的发现,展示了库车坳陷白垩系良好的油气勘探潜力。通过对库车坳陷东部野外露头、钻井资料以及地震剖面的综合分析,对坳陷东部白垩系的沉积体系类型及其分布特征进行了系统的研究。结果表明:研究区白垩系发育湖泊体系、扇三角洲体系、辫状河三角洲体系和三角洲体系等四种沉积体系类型;白垩系岩相古地理经历了早、中、晚期的演化,早期发育了以扇三角洲体系为主的沉积环境,中期形成了大范围的浅湖环境,晚期以三角洲平原相环境为特色;平面上,白垩系岩相古地理南北分带明显,具有南北双向提供物源的特征,粗碎屑分布在坳陷较陡的北侧。库车坳陷东部储层主要由三种三角洲体系砂体和滨岸沙坝砂体构成,砂体厚度大,分布广,储集条件好。     

东海冲绳海槽陆坡天然气水合物的地震学研究

本文通过对东海973 航次在冲绳海槽取得的多道地震数据进行有针对性的特殊处理,形成一套针对天然气水合物地震学研究行之有效的处理思路,提高速度分析的精度和分辨能力,压制浅层多次波,资料在保持一定信噪比的基础上尽可能的提高分辨率,相对振幅处理以及用于AVO分析的预处理等.在此基础上对天然气水合物进行识别和预测,我们发现在冲绳海槽南部西侧槽坡附近以及海槽内部发育有一系列泥底辟构造,在这些底辟构造的顶部明显存在与天然气水合物赋存相关的地球物理特征,如似海底反射层（BSR）、与海底反射同相轴极性相反,BSR上方的振幅空白区以及BSR上下的速度异常.从该区域的地质背景资料分析,冲绳海槽不仅具有很高的沉积速率并且海槽西侧的断层活跃,提供了富含有机质的物源以及用于天然气运移的通道,有利于天然气水合物的形成.     

Macrofauna Communities in the Eastern Mediterranean Deep Sea

Abstract. During two expeditions with RV ‘Meteor’ in summer 1993 and winter 1997/98 the structural and functional diversity of the benthic system of the highly oligotrophic eastern Mediterranean deep sea was investigated. The macrofauna communities were dominated by polychaetes even at the deepest stations. The fauna at shallow stations was dominated by surface deposit feeders, whereas subsurface deposit feeders and predators generally increased with depth. A high percentage of suspension‐feeding Porifera was found in the Levantine Basin. Mean abundance and number of taxa of both expeditions were significantly correlated to depth and distance to the nearest coast as well as to the total organic carbon (TOC) content in sediments. Numbers of taxa and abundance decreased generally with depth, although lowest numbers were not found at the deepest stations but in the extremely oligotrophic Levantine and Ierapetra Basin. Biomass measured during the second cruise was extremely low in the Ierapetra Basin and comparable to other extreme oligotrophic seas. The significant correlations found for TOC contents and macrofauna with distance to coast during both expeditions apparently reflect the role of hydrographically governed transport of organic matter produced in coastal regions into greater and extreme depths of the Mediterranean Sea. Seasonal differences in macrofauna communities due to seasonal differences in food supply were not found. However, recent large‐scale hydrographic changes (Eastern Mediterranean Transient, EMT) might change the oligotrophy and, thus, the structure of the benthic communities in the Eastern Mediterranean deep sea.     

Food web structure of two Mediterranean lagoons under varying degree of eutrophication

The food web structure and functioning of two north-western Mediterranean lagoons exhibiting contrasting degrees of eutrophication and marine influences were compared through δ¹³C and δ¹⁵N analysis of major potential food sources and consumers. The Lapalme Lagoon is well preserved and has kept a natural and temporary connection with the open sea. Conversely, the Canet Lagoon is heavily eutrophicated and its water exchange with the open sea has been artificially reduced. In Lapalme, all potential food sources and consumers exhibited δ¹⁵N values indicative of pristine coastal areas. Suspended particulate organic matter (POM) and sediment organic matter (SOM) pools seemed to constitute the main food sources of most primary consumers. Both primary producers and all consumers were much more ¹⁵N-enriched (by  10‰) and more ¹³C-depleted in Canet than in Lapalme. This reflected: (1) the assimilation of important amounts of anthropogenic nitrogen in the food web, and (2) a marked and uniform influence of ¹³C-depleted allochtonous sources of carbon. Based on the mean δ¹⁵N of primary consumers, we found rather similar food web lengths in both lagoons with top consumers at trophic levels 3.6 and 4.0 in Canet and Lapalme, respectively. However, the eutrophication of the Canet Lagoon resulted in a simplification of the food web structure (i.e., a single trophic pathway from a ¹⁵N-enriched fraction of the SOM pool to top predators) compared to what was observed in Lapalme Lagoon where additional ¹³C-enriched food sources played a significant trophic role. Moreover, some consumers of Canet tended to exploit primary producers to a larger extent (and thus to exhibit lower trophic levels) than in Lapalme.     

台湾岛以东海域束毛藻种群的组成与分布

分别对1996年5月和1997年7月台湾岛以东黑潮及邻近海域51个采样站位的87份网采浮游植物进行了分析,总结了束毛藻种群的物种构成和丰度分布特征,并初步探讨了水动力条件、温盐、营养盐及其他元素对束毛藻生长及分布的影响.结果表明,调查区的束毛藻种群由铁氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium thiebautii)、汉氏束毛藻(Trichodesmium hildebrandtii)和红海束毛藻(Trichodesmium erythraeum)组成,前者分布最为普遍,检出率100%,丰度最大.1996年5月束毛藻平均藻丝体密度为44.55伊102 filaments/m3,铁氏束毛藻占91%,在吕宋海峡密集,总体呈现西南高,东北低的分布态势.1997年7月束毛藻平均藻丝体密度为152.72伊102 filaments/m3,铁氏束毛藻占99%,除吕宋海峡外,台湾东北部海域为次高值区,总体呈现西南高,中部和东部低的分布态势.较之邻近海区结果,台湾岛以东黑潮及邻近海域的束毛藻平均藻丝体密度高于太平洋赤道热带海域、南黄海和东海陆架区、东海产卵场,低于台湾海峡西侧20 m 以浅和东海低氧区.在台湾岛以东海域,束毛藻的丰度分布由其特定的地理位置和黑潮流向所决定,高温高盐的黑潮水系利于束毛藻的增殖,束毛藻的丰度分布与 Fe、P 等化学因子的关系有待进一步寻找证据.     

莱州湾东岸海底地下水的水文地球化学特征及其地球化学演化模式

莱州湾东岸的海底地下水主要分布在浅海区的第四纪松散沉积物中,明显有别于海水,目前已被大量开采利用。从内陆向海区分别取地下水样化验分析,其pH值、密度、钠吸附比(SAR)、rCl/rBr等化学特征值呈现出从陆向海逐渐变化的规律,内陆含水层地下水中较高的硝酸盐类污染物,在海底地下水中也有明显的反映,地下水的水化学类型也由ClCa·Na·Mg型转变为ClNa·Mg型和ClNa型。另一方面,海底地下水的主要组分、浓度和矿物相组成也有自己的特点。研究发现,从内陆向海区,地下水的离子强度和矿物质的饱和指数均呈现出一定的变化规律。地下水中的这些离子以及矿物相在空间上的水岩交换变化,使地下水逐渐从淡水演化为微咸水和咸水,构成了海岸带地下水地球化学演化的一般模式。鉴于海底地下水与内陆地下水的紧密联系,今后陆地含水层一旦被污染,地下水向海区的化学输移将带来一定的环境效应。这应当引起我们足够的重视。