甘肃河东春末夏初干旱的时空特征和预测研究

利用甘肃５５ 个测站,１９６８ ～１９９７ 年５ 月中旬至６ 月中旬降水资料,采用 Ｅ Ｏ Ｆ、 Ｒ Ｅ Ｏ Ｆ、波谱分析,对春末夏初降水异常的空间结构及时间演变特征作了研究。结果表明,甘肃河东春末夏初降水异常在空间上主要表现为陇东、中部、陇东南、甘南４ 个主要类型。河东各主要气候区春末夏初降水的时间变化基本趋势是：８０ 年代春末夏初降水增加,而９０ 年代以来,降水均有不同程度减少,干旱加剧。甘肃河东春末夏初降水变化以短周期振荡为其主要特征。在１０ 年的年际变化中,陇东比各型均落后１ ～２ 年。从环流形势看,当春末夏初北半球５００ｈ Ｐａ 高度距平场结构呈现出明显的正 Ｐ Ｎ Ａ 型时,中国西北地区同期降水偏少     

Strike–slip origin of Cretaceous Mazhan Basin, Tan-Lu Fault Zone, Shandong, east China

The Mazhan Basin, Shandong Province, China, is located between the main faults, F₃ and F₄, of the Tan-Lu Fault Zone. It is an elongated basin more than 60 km in length and 8 km in width and contains a series of typical continental sediments (the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group). This series was divided into three sedimentary facies associations: conglomerate facies association; sandstone facies association of alluvial fan to lake margin environment; and siltstone facies association of lacustrine origins. Their zonal distribution pattern may represent a contemporaneous heterotopic facies due to a lateral facies change from margins to axis of the basin. Their stratigraphic sequence becomes younger northward along the boundary faults. This suggests that the depocenter of the fan–lake system tends to migrate northward along F₃. From the asymmetric features (i.e. basin shape, lithofacies distribution, facies change) the Mazhan Basin can be explained by progressive subsidence at the Tangwu releasing bend of F₃ with sinistral strike–slip movement. Judging from the fission track (FT) ages from the Wangshi Group, it was concluded that a sinistral strike–slip movement along the main fault, F₃ of the Tan-Lu Fault in Shandong, has lasted until the Late Cretaceous. Its displacement is estimated to be larger than the migrated distance, 60 km, of the depocenter of the Mazhan Basin.     

中国东部夏季降水的主相关型及其环流特征

将中国东部夏季降水单点相关图中达统计显著性标准台站数最多的相关分布型定义为主相关型,讨论了与该雨型对应的环流异常特征。结果表明：长江中下游和河套地区的夏季降水对中国东部地区具有较好的空间代表性,且它们呈反相关变化,可以利用这两个地区的降水之差来描述中国东部夏季降水的最主要雨型。当雨带位于河套地区、长江中下游少雨时：长江中下游为偏东风,太平洋Ｗａｌｋｅｒ环流偏强,南亚了风环流偏强,南亚高压位置偏北。     

Metamorphism of the East Sector of the Southern Qinling Orogenic Belt and Its Geological Significance

The east sector of the southern Qinling belt is, lithologically, composed mainly of metapelites,quartzites, marbles and small amount of metabasites and gneisses, whose protoliths are the Silurian, Devonian andless commonly the Sinian and Upper Palaeozoic. They have been subjected at least to two epochs of metamorphism.The early epoch belongs to progressive metamorphism which is centered on high amphibolite-granulite facies in theFuping area and changed outwards into low amphibolite facies (staurolite-kyanite zone), epidote amphibolite facies(garnet zone) and greenschist facies (chlorite and biotite zones), the metamorphic age of which is about 220-260 Ma.This early-epoch metamorphism belongs to different pressure types: the rocks from greenschist to low amphibolitefacies belong to the typical medium-pressure type which shows geothermal gradients of about 17-20℃/km and wasprobably produced by a crustal thickening process related to continental collision, and the high amphibolite-granulitefacies belongs to the low-pressure type which shows geothermal gradients of about 25-38℃/km and was probablyaffected by some magmatic heats. Based on the basic characteristics of the P-T paths of the different facies calculatedfrom the garnet zonations, it can be deduced that the metamorphism of medium-pressure facies series took place dur-ing an imbricated thickening process, rather than during the uplifting process after thickening. The late-epoch meta-morphism belongs to dynamic metamorphism of greenschist facies which is overprinted on the early-epoch meta-morphic rocks and is Yanshanian or Himalayan in age, probably related to intracontinental orogeny.     

The Kuroshio east of Taiwan and the currents east of the Ryūkūy-guntōduring October of 1995

On the basis of hydrographic data obtained during two October cruises of 1995, a modified inverse method is used to compute the Kuroshio east of Taiwan and the currents east of the Ryukyu-gunto.The net northward volume transport(VT) of the Kuroshio through Section TK₂-K₂ southeast of Taiwan is about 57.8×10⁶ m³/s.There are four current cores of the Kuroshio at Section TK₂-K₂.Its main core is near the south of Taiwan, and its maximum speed is about 257 cm/s at the surface.After the Kuroshio flows through Section TK₂-K₂, there are three branches of the Kuroshio.The main branch of the Kuroshio flows northward into Section TKa east of Su''ao.The second branch of the Kuroshio flows northward through Section TKa and then enters the East China Sea through the region between Yonakunijima and Iriomote-shima.The net northward VT of the Kuroshio through Section TK4 is about 21.6×10⁶ m³/s.The eastern branch of the Kuroshio flows northeastward through the region between a stronger cyclonic eddy and a recirculating anticyclonic gyre, and then flows continuously northeastward to the region east of the Ryūkyū-guntō and becomes a part of the origin of the western boundary current east of the Ryūkyū-guntō.Another part of the origin of the western boundary current east of the Ryūkyū-guntō comes from a recirculating anticyclonic gyre.From the above, in the regions east of Taiwan end east of the Ryūkyū-guntō the pattern of circulation during October of 1995 differs from the pattern of circulation during early summer of 1985.There are several eddies of different scales in this computational region.For example, there is a meso-scale stronger cyclonic eddy whose center is located at about 23°N, 124°20''E.     

东亚海陆热力差指数与中国夏季降水的关系

定义了东亚海陆热力差指数（ＩＬＳＴＤ）,讨论了它与东亚夏季风的强弱年际变化及夏季降水的关系。结果表明：该海陆热力差指数较好地反映了我国东部季风区夏季降水的异常变化、强海陆热力差指数年,华北地区降水偏多,长江、淮河流域明显干旱;弱海陆热力差指数年,长江,淮河流域降水又异常偏多。ＴＬＳＴＤ的异常变化对影响我国东部季风区降水的大气环流型具有较强的识别力,尤其是对夏季西太平洋副热带高压的位置与强度的识别。     

辽东不整合脉超大型铀矿床找矿前景分析

不整合脉超大型铀矿床是20世纪60年代后期在加拿大和澳大利亚发现的一种新类型.其最大特点是矿床均产于不整合面附近,矿床既大又富,矿床储量达数十万吨,品位最高达50%,是世界上经济效益很好的铀矿类型.辽东地区在前寒武纪地层内存在5个不整合面,且著名的连山关铀矿床产于元古宇-太古宇不整合面附近,具有不整合脉型铀矿的特征,显示出该区不整合脉超大型铀矿床较好的找矿前景.虽然20世纪90年代曾在该区进行过此类型找矿工作,但由于战略调整而停止.随着我国"十五"期间核电迅猛发展对铀矿资源的需求,继续开展该类型铀矿床的找矿工作具有重要的现实意义.     

台湾以东黑潮锋的中尺度过程研究

采用海洋再分析结果,研究了海洋涡旋和锋面波动对台湾以东黑潮锋的影响,结果表明,Rossby波第一斜压模态形成的冷涡(暖涡),减弱(增强)台湾以东黑潮温度锋强度,减小(加大)锋的宽度.在再分析结果中,捕获到1991年1-2月台湾以东的一次黑潮锋面波动.锋面波动的波槽(波脊)到达时,该温度锋强度减弱(增强),宽度和厚度减小...     

A study of non-linear tidal propagation in shallow inlet/estuarine systems Part II: Theory

The generation of tidal asymmetries is clarified via numerical integration of the one-dimensional equations for channel geometries characteristic of shallow estuaries. Channels without tidal flats develop a time asymmetry characterized by a longer falling than rising tide. This behavior is enhanced by strong friction and large channel cross-sectional area variability over a tidal cycle. Resulting tidal currents have a shorter, intense flood and a longer, weak ebb (flood-dominant). Addition of tidal flats to the channels can produce a longer rising tide and stronger ebb currents (ebb-dominant), if the area of tidal flats is large enough to overcome the effects of time-variable channel geometry. Weaker friction with flats can also produce this asymmetry.Despite the physical complexity of these systems, essential features of estuarine tidal response can be recovered from one-dimensional models. Shallow estuaries are shown to have a system response leading to stable, uniform senses of tidal asymmetry (either flood- or ebb-dominated, due to phase-locking of forced tidal constituents), with down-channel development in magnitude of asymmetry. These concepts are illustrated by modeling idealized representations of tidal channels at Nauset Inlet, MA, and Wachapreague Inlet, VA, which have flood- and ebb-dominance, respectively.