Selection of nursery areas by six southeast African Penaeidae

A survey was carried out along the shore and adjacent mangrove swamp in the northeast margin of Maputo Bay in Mozambique, east Africa. The study area contained several habitats within close proximity. These were shallow pools in the intertidal muddy sand flats, areas of submerged macrophytes, the swash zone on sandy beaches, primary mangrove channels, secondary mangrove channels, shallow mangrove creeks and a shallow creek with strong freshwater influence at the landward fringe of the swamp. Each station was sampled by means of a small handnet. Data suggest that Penaeus japonicus prefers sandy substrata, while P. semisulcatus chooses areas rich in submerged macrophytes. P. indicus and P. monodon both appear to favour muddy mangrove channels, although P. monodon may require marginal or floating vegetation as nurseries. Metapenaeus stebbingi seems to prefer the swash zone in quiet areas with minimal wave action, while M. monoceros is more widespread and is able to cope with very low salinities. Managers of coastal systems should, therefore, attempt to maintain a diversity of biotopes within larger systems because, even if postlarvae do enter an estuary, juvenile populations with not develop if their specific habitat has been destroyed.     

青岛东部开发区排污口优选

在青岛东部邻近海域潮流模型的基础上,对青岛市政工程处提出的污水排海位置的多种方案,进行拉格朗日标识质点数值跟踪及海域水质预测,通过比选,从环境角度确定了最佳的排污口位置,并对污水排海方式,及总量控制提出建议。     

台湾岛东部表层沉积物中的微体生物化石研究

通过对台湾岛以东(角点坐标为22°N,122°E;22°N,124°30′E;24°N,125°25′E;24°N,122°E)海域67个表层沉积物样品的微体生物化石的研究,鉴定放射虫2目34科101属,178种(含21个未定种),其中泡沫虫目19科70属134种,罩笼虫目15科31属44种。对样品中保存的有孔虫化石亦进行了分析,并初步认为:影响该区微体生物化石分布的主要因素是温度、盐度、海水深度、海底沉积物、海底地形以及海流、水团等。对上述诸因素与微体生物间的关系进行了探讨。     

Dust pollen distribution on a continental scale and its relation to present-day vegetation along north-south transects in east China

A series of dust pollen samples was collected along N-S transects in east China (18°N to 53°N latitudes). Sample sites extend from the cold-temperate zone in the north to the tropical region in the south. Pollen taxa characterize each region and reflect the natural and devastated vegetation as well as corre- sponding climatic zones. The quantitative pollen data can be used to estimate the spatial distribution of planted and introduced species. Valuable information of human disturbance of the natural forest is evaluated by quantitative comparison between dust pollen and in-situ pollen of protected forest. In addition, percentages of grass pollen vary regularly from north to south that is consistent with spatial distribution of net primary productivity in east China. Among all grasses, Artemisia and the Gramineae carry the clearest signal: their ratio increases northwards and therefore represent a suitable and con- venient tool for palaeoclimate reconstructions.     

新疆巴里坤东部几类主要土壤的地球化学特征

分析巴里坤盆地东部主要的及具代表性的几类土壤,如栗钙土、淡栗钙土、淡棕钙土和石灰性草甸土常量化学成分和某些微量元素含量,并与周边山地基岩及湖积物化学成分对比,发现这些土壤经历了由山地基岩→坡积、冲洪积物/湖积物→土壤的演化过程。在较干旱的环境及生物、化学作用影响下,土壤对基岩/母质在化学成分上既表现出一定的继承性,又有一定变异性。该地区栗钙土常量元素含量最接近山地基岩平均值。淡栗钙土和淡棕钙土则和基岩有较大差异,并分别以富含CaCO3和SiO2为特征。石灰性草甸土与其它土壤显著不同,其富CaCO3,贫TFe,并且Fe3 /Fe2 <<1。土壤中某些微量元素与中国/世界土壤平均水平相比,有益元素P、Cr、zn大致持平,有害元素As、Pb明显偏高。这种成分特征是在基岩化学成分背景上相关元素贫化或富集作用的结果。     

东亚地震各向异性——2006年西太平洋地球物理会议专题介绍

2006年7月24—27日在北京召开了2006年西太平洋地球物理会议,本文简介了这次会议的概况,介绍了东亚地震各向异性专题中的最新研究进展。     

Back-arc basin basalt systematics

The Mariana, east Scotia, Lau, and Manus back-arc basins (BABs) have spreading rates that vary from slow (<50 mm/yr) to fast (>100 mm/yr) and extension axes located from 10 to 400 km behind their island arcs. Axial lava compositions from these BABs indicate melting of mid-ocean ridge basalt (MORB)-like sources in proportion to the amount added of previously depleted, water-rich, arc-like components. The arc-like end-members are characterized by low Na, Ti and Fe, and by high H₂O and Ba/La; the MORB-like end-members have the opposite traits. Comparisons between basins show that the least hydrous compositions follow global MORB systematics and an inverse correlation between Na8 and Fe8. This is interpreted as a positive correlation between the average degree and pressure of mantle melting that reflects regional variations in mantle potential temperatures (Lau/Manus hotter than Mariana/Scotia). This interpretation accords with numerical model predictions that faster subduction-induced advection will maintain a hotter mantle wedge. The primary compositional trends within each BAB (a positive correlation between Fe8, Na8 and Ti8, and their inverse correlation with H₂O(8) and Ba/La) are controlled by variations in water content, melt extraction, and enrichments imposed by slab and mantle wedge processes. Systematic axial depth (as a proxy for crustal production) variations with distance from the island arc indicate that compositional controls on melting dominate over spreading rate. Hydrous fluxing enhances decompression melting, allowing depleted mantle sources just behind the island arc to melt extensively, producing shallow spreading axes. Flow of enriched mantle components around the ends of slabs may augment this process in transform-bounded back-arcs such as the east Scotia Basin. The re-circulation (by mantle wedge corner flow) to the spreading axes of mantle previously depleted by both arc and spreading melt extraction can explain the greater depths and thinner crust of the East Lau Spreading Center, Manus Southern Rifts, and Mariana Trough and the very depleted lavas of east Scotia segments E8/E9. The crust becomes mid-ocean ridge (MOR)-like where the spreading axes, further away from the island arc and subducted slab, entrain dominantly fertile mantle.     

欧亚积雪异常分布对冬季大气环流的影响I. 观测研究

利用ECMWF 1979～1993年2.5°×2.5°的网格点积雪深度资料、中国气象局整编的海平面气压、500 hPa高度场和NCEP再分析资料,探讨了欧亚冬季积雪异常对同期大气环流的影响.结果表明:(1) 欧亚中高纬冬季积雪面积与同期大气环流具有密切的联系:积雪面积为正(负)异常时,冬季500 hPa高度场对应正(负)欧亚-太平洋(简称EUP)遥相关型,东亚冬季风活动偏强(弱).(2)诊断结果表明,积雪异常与大气环流之间的密切联系在一定程度上反映了冬季积雪的异常分布可能对大气EUP遥相关型和东亚冬季风活动产生影响.(3)SVD分析得到的冬季积雪的异常分布与同期大气环流的耦合模态,证实了前面所得结果.     

新疆东天山地区构造控水机制及找水意义

极端干旱缺水的哈密东天山地区地下水的赋存、分布和富水性主要受地质构造的控制。由地质构造分割或圈闭的规模不同、类型不同的各类蓄水构造，可分为断块型蓄水构造、压性、压扭性逆断裂型蓄水构造、张性、张扭性断裂蓄水构造和大面积花岗岩分布地区小型岩脉型蓄水构造。不同的蓄水构造可以满足不同规模矿山的需求。采用遥感释译。地面测绘、物探和钻探等多种手段，进行综合分析，就近选择找水靶区，确定供水方向是解决该地区矿山供水的重要途径。     

中国东部伴生金矿床的类型及主要控矿因素

为研究伴生金矿床成矿规律，查清伴生金资源(品位、储量)，从成因类型上对我国东部的伴生金矿床进行了划分，并总结了不同成矿作用所形成的伴生金矿床的特点，在此基础上，按照理论与实用并重的原则，又对其工业类型进行了划分。在控矿因素研究上，认为2组断裂的交汇处、构造破碎带、层间断裂和滑动面、背斜轴部及其倾伏端等为成矿的有利部位，不同赋矿地层(围岩)的控矿性也不同，产于碳酸盐岩中的占全部伴生金总量的36．97％。通过上述研究，扩大了找矿远景，并使储量增加。