Iodine-129 concentrations in marginal seas of the north Pacific and Pacific-influenced waters of the Arctic Ocean

Water sampling during the 1993 IV Russian–US Joint Expedition to the Bering and Chukchi Seas (BERPAC) indicates that Pacific Ocean burdens of the long-lived radionuclide ¹²⁹I are relatively low in the Pacific-influenced Arctic, particularly compared to high latitude waters influenced by the North Atlantic. These low concentrations occur despite the presence of potential submerged anthropogenic sources in the East Sea (Sea of Japan), and in the northwest Pacific Ocean, east of the Kamchatka Peninsula. The concentration of ¹²⁹I entering the Arctic Ocean through Bering Strait, 0.7×10⁸ atoms kg⁻¹, is only slightly higher than observed in deep Pacific waters. Similar concentrations (0.44–0.76×10⁸ atoms kg⁻¹) measured in Long Strait indicate no significant transfer of ¹²⁹I eastward into the Chukchi Sea in the Siberian Coastal Current from the Siberian marginal seas to the west. However, the concentrations reported here are more than an order of magnitude higher than the Bering Strait input concentration estimated (1.0×10⁶ atoms kg⁻¹) from bomb fallout mass balances, which supports other existing evidence for a significant atmospheric deposition term for this radionuclide in surface ocean waters. Near-bottom water samples collected in productive waters of the Bering and Chukchi Seas also suggest that sediment regeneration may locally elevate ¹²⁹I concentrations, and impact its utility as a water mass tracer. As part of this study, two deep ¹²⁹I profiles were also measured in the East Sea in 1993–1994. The near-surface concentration of ¹²⁹I ranged from 0.12 to 0.31×10⁸ atoms kg⁻¹. The ¹²⁹I concentration showed a steady decrease with depth, although because of active deep water ventilation, the entire 3000 m water column exceeded natural concentrations of the radionuclide. Atom ratios of ¹²⁹I/¹³⁷Cs in the East Sea also suggest an excess of ¹²⁹I above bomb fallout estimates, also possibly resulting from atmospheric deposition ultimately originating from nuclear facilities.     

新疆东天山地区"大草滩运动"的建立与其地质意义

通过对东天山中泥盆统头苏泉组与下泥盆统大南湖组之间不整合的研究,确认下泥盆统大南湖组为海相岛弧沉积,中泥盆统头苏 且为陆相沉积,二者之间的不整合代表一次造陆运动,因而建立了“大草滩运动”。“大草滩运动”造成地壳抬升,使北天山洋闭合,结束了北天山洋的演化历史。     

Trophic structure and production in the macrobenthos of a temperate Australian estuary

The soft-bottom fauna of Gunnamatta Bay, Port Hacking, N.S.W., was sampled to estimate the abundance, trophic structure and net production of the macrobenthos. The samples were classified into groups from spatially distinct strata, the groups differing in species abundance and diversity and in the identity of the dominant species. The composition and community structure of the fauna was generally similar to that in other sheltered embayments on the southeastern coast of Australia. Estimated production values were low for an estuary, ranging from 10 kJ m^?2 year^?1 in an intertidal stratum of well sorted sand to 210–450 kJ m^?2 year^?1 in shallow subtidal strata with an admixture of silt. Estimated net production over all strata was 160 kJ m^?2 year^?1. Polychaetes dominated production, providing 45% of the total; crustaceans provided 20%, and molluscs and echinoderms 12% each. Detritus-feeders were dominant in most strata: the bivalve Theora fragilis, the polychaetes Australonereis ehlersi and Notomastus torquatus, and the urchin Echinocardium cordatum were major contributors to overall biomass and to net production. Substantial biomass and net production was also contributed by the suspension-feeding bivalve Corbula vicaria and a carnivorous crab Ceratoplax cf. glaberrimus. Overall, detritus-feeders contributed 61% of estimated net production, carnivores 32% and suspension-feeders 7%. Production estimated for carnivores was higher than could be supported by the non-carnivore populations, suggesting that some of the species considered to be carnivores have additional feeding modes. Excessive harvesting of bivalves by humans is suggested as the main reason for the low biomass of, and therefore low production by, suspension feeders.     

新疆东准噶尔金属矿床成矿系列及成矿规律

根据对东准噶尔大量矿床（点）研究，在对成矿类型、成矿控制因素和地质构造演化分析的基础上，将金属矿床划分为4个矿床成矿系列；与海西早期蛇绿岩有关的Cr-Au-Cu矿床成矿系列；与海西中期中－酸性侵入岩有关的Au-Cu-Sn-Fe矿床成矿系列；与海西期陆相火山岩有关的Au-Ag-Cu－Hg矿床成矿系列；与变质作用有关的金矿床成矿系列。总结了东准噶尔各矿床成矿系列的成矿地质背景、成矿条件和成矿的特点，探讨了它们的成矿规律。     

中祁连东段东缘韧性剪切带特征

位于祁连造山带东段的白银地区，在1：5万区域地质调查中发现了两条近科平行排列的北北东向韧性剪切带，据几何形态和显微组构特征，该剪切带均属于右行走滑韧性剪切带，是加里东末期祁连造山带与泰岭造山带呈反“S”型拼接的产物，区内在构造－岩浆作用下，造成陆块间的走滑或旋转定位。     

Ni?o 1+2海区冷、暖水期西太平洋副高的特征及其对东亚季风的影响

通过对海温资料和500hPa位势高度、垂直速度、850 hPa的水平风分量资料的分析,探讨ENSO的各不同阶段西太平洋副高和东亚季风的变化特征.结果表明:赤道东太平洋海温与西太平洋副高有密切的关系.Nino 1+2区海温有明显的10年际变化,与西太平洋副高的1O年际变化非常吻合;前期Nino 1+2区为冷、暖水期时西太平洋副高的强度和位置有明显差异,前期为暖水期时夏季西太平洋副高较强,范围向西和向南伸展,冷水期反之,西太平洋副高较弱,位置偏东偏北.西太平洋副高的变化进一步影响东亚季风和我国的降水.这种影响在Nino 1+2区海温变化后4～6个月最明显.因此,前期Nino 1+2区海温的变化可以为东亚季风和我国降水的长期预报提供依据.     

祁连山东段北坡农业景观带人地交互作用

祁连山东段北坡地区的自然环境具有突出的多样性、脆弱性和不稳定性特点，并由此形成多样的自然景观带和与之相适应的人地系统。根据气候、地貌等地理要素分异，将研究区分为9个农业景观带。对农业景观带人地交互作用进行了探讨，得出了人口压力下的空间分异模式，并对土地利用程度与效益特征、农业生产经营、耕作制度进行了比较，最后根据研究区人地系统的基本特征，提出了不同景观带间平衡发展的协调对策与整合模式。     

四川东部晚二叠世煤田成煤环境及聚煤规律探讨

本文对四川东部晚二叠世煤田的含煤岩系、含煤段、成煤小旋回等进行了分析，并在此基础上探讨了聚煤规律。     

东亚夏季风降水中30—60天低频振荡

通过对东亚夏季风区域30年候降水量的分析研究可以看到,降水中30—60天低频振荡的季节变化与总的季风降水的季节变化具有明显的锁相关系,对季风雨带位置的出现起着重要的调制作用;降水低频振荡的年际变化对梅雨的年际变化也起着重要的调制作用;降水低频振荡呈现明显的由南向北的经向传播。     

东秦岭地区钼矿床中辉钼矿的铼含量及多型特征

辉钼矿是铼的最主要载体矿物。研究表明,东秦岭地区不同类型钼矿床中,辉钼矿的Re平均含量多为10—20ppm,其中仅黄龙铺碳酸岩脉型钼(铅)矿床的辉钼矿平均含Re高达152.5ppm。尽管辉钼矿中的铼含量有变化,但均呈类质同象取代钼而存在。同时,这些矿床辉钼矿的铼含量差异,主要取决于成矿热流体中原始铼含量。辉钼矿多型有2H型和2H+3R混合型。铼含量和成矿温度对辉钼矿多型没有影响,故辉钼矿多型对于钼矿床类型没有标型意义。